View source for Dogri language

{{short description|Indo-Aryan language spoken primarily in Jammu}}
{{distinguish|text=the [[Dogrib language]] of Canada}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox language
| name             = Dogri
| nativename       = {{langx|dgo|डोगरी|label=none}}{{·}}{{langx|dgo|{{Script|Dogr|𑠖𑠵𑠌𑠤𑠮}}|label=none}}{{·}}{{langx|dgo|{{nq|ڈوگری}}|label=none}}
| pronunciation    = [ɖoːɡ.ɾiː]
| image            = {{Photomontage
| photo2a = Shukla Dogri-D.svg
| photo1a = Shukla Dogri-HI.svg
| photo2b = DogriArabicScript.svg
| spacing = 2
| color = 0
| border = 0
| foot_montage = }}
| imagecaption     = The word Dogri in the Devanagari, Dogra, and Nastaʿlīq scripts.
| states           = {{flatlist|
*[[Languages of India|India]]
*[[Languages of Pakistan|Pakistan]]}}
| region           = {{flatlist|
*[[Duggar (Region)]] of [[Jammu division]]
*Western [[Himachal Pradesh]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dogri |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/doi |access-date=2022-07-15 |website=Ethnologue |language=en}}</ref> 
*[[Punjab]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dogri |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/doi |access-date=2022-07-15 |website=Ethnologue |language=en}}</ref> 
}}
| speakers         = {{sigfig|2.597|2}} million in India
| date             = 2011
| ref              = <ref name="census2011">{{cite web|title = C-16: Population by mother tongue, India – 2011| author = Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10191| access-date = 16 November 2022}}</ref>
| speakers2        = 
| ethnicity        = [[Dogras]]
| familycolor      = Indo-European
| fam2             = [[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]]
| fam3             = [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]]
| fam4             = [[Northern Indo-Aryan languages|Northern]]
| fam5             = [[Western Pahari]]
| nation           = [[India]]
*[[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]<ref>{{cite web | title=The Jammu and Kashmir Official Languages Bill, 2020 | website=prsindia | date=23 September 2020 | url=https://www.prsindia.org/billtrack/jammu-and-kashmir-official-languages-bill-2020 | access-date=23 September 2020}}</ref>
| script           = {{flatlist|
*[[Dogra script]]
*[[Devanagari]]
*[[Nastaliq]]
*[[Mahajani]] (historically)}}
| iso2             = doi
| iso3             = doi
| lc1              = dgo
| ld1              = Dogri proper
| lc2              = xnr
| ld2              = [[Kangri language|Kangri]]
| glotto           = indo1311
| glottorefname    = 
| map              = Indo-Aryan languages grouped.png
| mapcaption       = Major '''Indo-Aryan languages''' (The Dogra language in the northern of punjabi - marked in purple-blue area)
| notice           = Indic
}}
{{Contains special characters|Indic}}
'''Dogri''' ({{langx|dgo|डोगरी|label=none}}, {{langx|dgo|{{Script|Dogr|𑠖𑠵𑠌𑠤𑠮}}|label=none}}, {{langx|dgo|{{nq|ڈوگری}}|label=none}}, ''Ḍōgrī'', {{IPA|doi|ɖoːɡ.ɾiː|}}) is an [[Indo-Aryan language]] of the [[Western Pahari]] group,<ref name="book004">{{cite book
|title=The Indo-Aryan Languages
|first=Colin P.
|last=Masica
|publisher=Cambridge University Press
|year=1993
|isbn=978-0-521-29944-2
|pages=427
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Itp2twGR6tsC
}}</ref> primarily spoken by the [[Dogra people]] native to the [[Duggar Region]] of [[Jammu Division]] of Indian-administered [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]; with smaller groups of speakers in the adjoining regions of the Indian states of [[Himachal Pradesh]] and [[Punjab, India|Punjab]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dogri |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/doi |access-date=2022-07-15 |website=Ethnologue |language=en}}</ref> as well as Pakistan-administered [[Azad Kashmir]] and the Pakistani province of [[Pakistan Punjab|Punjab]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OjaTSuLMKx8C&q=Shakargarh |title=Cultural Forum |date=1970 |publisher=India (Republic) Ministry of Scientific Research and Cultural Affairs. |page=24}}</ref>

It is currently spoken in the districts of [[Kathua district|Kathua]], [[Jammu district|Jammu]], [[Samba district|Samba]], [[Udhampur district|Udhampur]] and parts of [[Reasi District]] (mostly in Reasi, Katra and Pouni Tehsil) of [[Jammu division]].<ref name="census2011" /> Unusually for an [[Indo-European language]], Dogri is [[tonal language|tonal]],<ref name="book005">
{{cite book
|title=Studies in Phonetics and Phonology: With Special Reference to Dogri
|first=Ved Kumari
|last=Ghai
|publisher=Ariana Publishing House
|year=1991
|isbn=978-81-85347-20-2
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VAMiAAAAMAAJ
}}</ref> a trait it shares with other Western Pahari languages and [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]. It has several varieties, all with greater than 80% lexical similarity.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Brightbill|first1=Jeremy D.|last2=Turner|first2=Scott B.|title=A Sociolinguistic Survey of the Dogri Language, Jammu and Kashmir|url=http://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/13/27/43/132743635529526156448342546486105211675/silesr2007_017.pdf|publisher=SIL International|access-date=11 March 2016|date=2007}}</ref>

Dogri is spoken by 2.6 million people in India (as of the 2011 census).<ref name="census2011"/> It has been among the country's 22 [[Languages with official status in India|scheduled languages]] since 2003. It is also one of the five official languages of the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir.{{wiktionary category 2|Dogri language}}

==Script==
[[File:Dogra.png|thumb|Dogra Script Specimen|alt=]]
Dogri was originally written in the old Dogra Akkhar script – a modified version of [[Takri script|Takri]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2015/15234r-dogra.pdf |title=L2/15-234R: Proposal to encode the Dogra script in Unicode |first1=Anshuman |last1=Pandey |date=2015-11-04}}</ref> A modified version of this script was created by the order of [[Ranbir Singh of Jammu and Kashmir|Maharaja Ranbir Singh]] of Jammu and Kashmir, which was then called [[Name Dogra Akkhar]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=NammeDograAkkhar|url=https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2009/09111-takri.pdf}}</ref> Official documents were written in this new script; however it never caught on among the general Dogri-speaking populace. Currently, [[Devanagari]] is the officially recognised script for Dogri in India and virtually all Dogri literature is published in it.

== Phonology ==

=== Consonants ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="2" |
![[Labial consonant|Labial]]
![[Dental consonant|Dental]]/<br>[[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
![[Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]
![[Postalveolar consonant|Post-alv.]]/<br>[[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
![[Velar consonant|Velar]]
![[Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
|{{IPA link|m}}
|{{IPA link|n}}
|{{IPA link|ɳ}}
|{{IPA link|ɲ}}
|{{IPA link|ŋ}}
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[Plosive]]/<br>[[Affricate]]
!<small>[[Voicelessness|voiceless]]</small>
|{{IPA link|p}}
|{{IPA link|t̪}}
|{{IPA link|ʈ}}
|{{IPA link|t͡ʃ}}
|{{IPA link|k}}
|
|-
!<small>[[Aspirated consonant|aspirated]]</small>
|{{IPA link|pʰ}}
|{{IPA link|t̪ʰ}}
|{{IPA link|ʈʰ}}
|{{IPA link|t͡ʃʰ}}
|{{IPA link|kʰ}}
|
|-
!<small>[[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]]</small>
|{{IPA link|b}}
|{{IPA link|d̪}}
|{{IPA link|ɖ}}
|{{IPA link|d͡ʒ}}
|{{IPA link|ɡ}}
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
!<small>[[Voicelessness|voiceless]]</small>
|({{IPA link|f}})
|{{IPA link|s}}
|
|{{IPA link|ʃ}}
|({{IPA link|x}})
|
|-
!<small>[[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]]</small>
|
|({{IPA link|z}})
|
|
|({{IPA link|ɣ}})
|{{IPA link|ɦ}}
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Tap and flap consonants|Tap]]
|
|{{IPA link|ɾ}}
|{{IPA link|ɽ}}
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
|{{IPA link|ʋ}}
|{{IPA link|l}}
|
|{{IPA link|j}}
|
|
|}

* Gemination occurs in all consonants except the consonants /{{IPA|ɾ ɳ ɽ ʃ}}/.
*Retroflex consonants /{{IPA|ɽ ɳ}}/ rarely occur in word initial position.
*/{{IPA|f z x ɣ}}/ only occur from Perso-Arabic loan words. /{{IPA|f}}/ is also heard as an allophone of /{{IPA|pʰ}}/.
*/{{IPA|ɾ}}/ can also marginally be heard as trilled [{{IPA|r}}] in some speech.
* In some words, /{{IPA|s}}/ can become more weakly pronounced, or even eliminated and replaced by a glottal fricative sound [{{IPA|h}}].
*A palatal nasal sound [{{IPA|ɲ}}] typically occurs when a dental nasal precedes a post-alveolar affricate consonant, rarely occurring in words word-initially or medially.
* A velar nasal sound [{{IPA|ŋ}}] typically occurs when a dental nasal precedes a velar plosive consonant, and rarely occurs word-initially or medially.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Bahri|first=Ujjal Singh|title=Dogri: Phonology and Grammatical Sketch|publisher=New Delhi: Bahri Publications|year=2001|location=Series in Indian Languages and Linguistics, 24}}</ref>

=== Vowels ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!
![[Front vowel|Front]]
![[Central vowel|Central]]
![[Back vowel|Back]]
|- align="center"
![[Close vowel|Close]]
|[[Close front unrounded vowel|iː]]
|
|[[Close back rounded vowel|uː]]
|-
![[Near-close vowel|Near-close]]
|[[Near-close near-front unrounded vowel|ɪ]]
|
|[[Near-close near-back rounded vowel|ʊ]]
|-
![[Close-mid vowel|Close-mid]]
|[[Close-mid front unrounded vowel|eː]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Mid central vowel|ə]]
|[[Close-mid back rounded vowel|oː]]
|-
![[Open-mid vowel|Open-mid]]
|[[Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛː]]
|[[Open-mid back rounded vowel|ɔː]]
|- align="center"
![[Open vowel|Open]]
|
| colspan="2" |[[Open central unrounded vowel|aː]]
|}

* There are nasalized variations of the following vowels /{{IPA|ã ĩ ũ ẽ ɛ̃ õ ɔ̃}}/.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dogri|url=http://lisindia.ciil.org/Dogri/Dogri.html|access-date=2021-12-09|website=lisindia.ciil.org}}</ref>
*Vowel sounds are often nasalized when occurring before a word-medial or word-final /{{IPA|n}}/, except when /{{IPA|n}}/ occurs before a word-final vowel.
*/{{IPA|ʊ}}/ can have a marginal upgliding allophone [{{IPA|ʊᵛ}}] when occurring before a /a/ vowel sound.
*A word-final /{{IPA|aː}}/ is realized as a back sound [{{IPA|ɑː}}] and may also drift toward a centralized [{{IPA|äː}}] sound.<ref name=":0" />

== Some common words ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
![[Name Dogra Akkhar]]
! [[Devanagari]]
! [[Urdu alphabet|Perso-Arabic]]
! [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]
! English translation
|-
|{{Script|Dogr|𑠪𑠬𑠷}}
| हां

|{{nastaliq|ہاں}}
|[ã̀ː]
|Yes
|-
|{{Script|Dogr|𑠝𑠳𑠃𑠷}}
| नेईं
|{{nastaliq|نیئِیں}}
|[neː.ĩː]
|No
|-
|{{Script|Dogr|𑠪𑠭𑠤𑠋}}
| हिरख
|{{nastaliq|ہِرکھ}}
|[ɪ̀ɾkʰ]
|Love
|-
|{{Script|Dogr|𑠊𑠝𑠹𑠝𑠴}}
| कन्नै
|{{nastaliq|کنَّے}}
|[kən.nɛː]
|With
|-
|{{Script|Dogr|𑠊𑠳𑠪𑠹 }}
| केह्
|{{nastaliq|کیہ}}
|[kéː]
|What
|-
|{{Script|Dogr|𑠊𑠮}}
| की
|{{nastaliq|کی}}
|[kiː]
|Why
|-
|{{Script|Dogr|𑠌𑠬𑠩}}
| गास
|{{nastaliq|گاس}}
|[gaːs]
|Sky
|-
|{{Script|Dogr|𑠠'𑠤𑠬}}
|ब'रा
|{{nastaliq|ب'را}}
|[bə́.ɾaː]
|Year
|}

== Tone rules ==
These are rules of writing tones in Dogri using [[Devanagari|Devanagari Script]]. They are as follows:-

* Just like [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], Dogri also uses the letters घ (gʱə), झ (d͡ʒʱə), ढ (ɖʱə), ध (d̪ʱə), भ (bʱə) and ढ़ (ɽʱə) for tonal uses. When at the beginning of the word, it has a high-falling tone; i.e.:- घ (kə̂), झ (t͡ʃə̂), ढ (ʈə̂), ध (t̪ə̂), भ (pə̂) and ढ़ (ɽə̂). When in the middle and final position of the word, the preceding vowel has a low-rising tone; i.e.:- अघ (ə̌ɡ), अझ (ə̌d͡ʒ), अढ (ə̌ɖ), अध (ə̌d̪), अभ (ə̌b) and अढ़ (ə̌ɽ). Examples:- घड़ी (kə̂ɽiː)- clock, and बध (bə̌d̪).
* Unlike [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], there is no ह (ɦə) sound and it has a high-falling tone in all positions; i.e.:- हत्थ (ə̂t̪ːʰə)- hand.
* To indicate a low-rising tone in the middle of words, Dogri uses ह् (ह with a [[Virama|halant]]) to indicate it when the preceding vowel is long; i.e.:- आ (aː), ई (iː), ऊ (uː), ए (eː), ऐ (ɛː), ओ (oː) and औ (ɔː). Example:- साह्ब (sǎːb)- [[Sahib|sahab]]. When the preceding vowel is short, i.e., - अ (ə), इ (ɪ) and उ (ʊ); a [[modifier letter apostrophe|combining apostrophe]] ({{hamza}}) is used. Example:- ल{{hamza}}त्त (lə̌tː)- leg.
*The characters mentioned in the first point can also be used to indicate high-falling tone in the middle of the words when between a short vowel and a long vowel.

Some examples are shown below.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
![[Name Dogra Akkhar]]
! [[Devanagari]]
![[Urdu alphabet|Perso-Arabic]]
!IPA
! Tone
! English translation
|-
|{{Script|Dogr|𑠌𑠥𑠹𑠥}}
|गल्ल
|{{nastaliq|گلّ}}
|[gəl.lə]
|Equal
|Thing
|-
|{{Script|Dogr|𑠌{{hamza}}𑠥𑠹𑠥}}
|ग{{hamza}}ल्ल
|{{nastaliq|گ{{hamza}}لّ}}
|[gə́l.lə]
|Rising
|Cheek
|-
|{{Script|Dogr|𑠊𑠤}}
|कर
|{{nastaliq|کر}}
|[kəɾ]
|Equal
|Do
|-
|{{Script|Dogr|𑠍𑠤}}
|घर
|{{nastaliq|گھر}}
|[kə̀ɾ]
|Falling
|Home
|}

==Historical references==
In the year 1317, [[Amir Khusro]], the famous [[Urdu]] and [[Persian language|Persian]] poet, referred to Duger (Dogri) while describing the languages and dialects of India as follows: ''"Sindhi-o-Lahori-o-Kashmiri-o-Duger."''<ref name="book0a2">{{cite book |title=Dogri Prose Writing before Independence (Translated) |first=Ram Nath |last=Shastri |publisher=Dogri Research Centre, Jammu University |year=1981}}</ref><ref name="book0a3">{{cite book |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature |first=Amaresh |last=Datta |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |year=1987 |isbn=9780836422832 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R89jAAAAMAAJ}}</ref>

== Official status ==
Dogri is one of the 22 [[Scheduled languages of India]], officially recognized in December 2003 through the 92nd Constitutional Amendment, which added it to the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution. In September 2020, the Parliament of India passed the Jammu and Kashmir Official Languages Act, declaring Dogri as one of the five official languages of the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir, along with Hindi, Urdu, English, and Kashmiri.<ref>{{Citation |title=Languages with legal status in India |date=2025-03-20 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_with_legal_status_in_India |access-date=2025-04-08 |language=en}}</ref>

==Theories on name origin==
Intellectuals in the court of Maharaja [[Ranbir Singh of Jammu and Kashmir|Ranbir Singh]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] described ''[[Duggar (region)|Duggar]]'' as a distorted form of the word ''Dwigarta'', which means 'two troughs', a possible reference to the [[Mansar Lake|Mansar]] and [[Surinsar Lake|Surinsar]] lakes.<ref name="book0b1">
{{cite book
|title=Cultural Heritage of the Dogras
|first=Jyoteeshwar
|last=Pathik
|publisher=Light & Life Publishers
|year=1980
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O_-1AAAAIAAJ
}}</ref>

The linguist [[George Abraham Grierson|George Grierson]] connected the term ''Duggar'' with the [[Rajasthani language|Rajasthani]] word ''Doonger'' which means 'hill', and ''Dogra'' with ''Donger''.<ref name="book0b1" /> This opinion has lacked support because of the inconsistency of the ostensible changes from Rajasthani to Dogri (essentially the question of how ''Doonger'' became ''Duggar'' while ''Donger'' became ''Dogra''), and has been contradicted by some scholars.<ref name="book0b2">
{{cite book
|title=Dogri: Phonology and Grammatical Sketch
|first=Ujjal Singh
|last=Bahri
|publisher=Bahri Publications
|year=2001
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2sljAAAAMAAJ
}}</ref>

Yet another proposal stems from the word ''Durgara'', the name of a kingdom mentioned in an eleventh century copper-plate inscription in the Bhuri Singh Museum in Chamba, Himachal Pradesh.{{Citation needed|date=September 2022}} The word ''Durgara'' means 'invincible' in several Northern Indo-Aryan languages, and could be an allusion to the ruggedness of the terrain of Duggar and the historically militarised and autonomous Dogra societies.{{Citation needed|date=September 2022}}

In 1976, the experts attending the Language Session of the All India Oriental Conference held in Dharwad, [[Karnataka]], could not reach consensus on the ''Dwigarta'' and ''Durgara'' hypotheses, but did manage agreement on a ''Doonger''-''Duggar'' connection. In a subsequent All India Oriental Conference held at [[Jaipur]] in 1982, the linguists agreed that the culture, language and history of [[Rajasthan]] and Duggar share some similarities. It was also suggested that the words ''Duggar'' and ''Dogra'' are common in some parts of Rajasthan. Specifically, it was asserted that areas with many forts are called Duggar, and their inhabitants are accordingly known as Dogras. The land of Duggar also has many forts, which may support the above opinion.

An article by Dharam Chand Prashant in the literary magazine ''Shiraza Dogri'' suggested that "the opinion that the word ''Duggar'' is a form of the word ''Duggarh'' sounds appropriate."<ref name="book0b3">
{{Cite journal
  | last = Prashant
  | first = Dharam Chand
  | title = Duggar Shabad di Vayakha
  | journal = Shiraza Dogri
  | date = April–May 1991
  }}</ref>

==Recent history==
[[File:Interview_of_Neelam_Khania_Dhramshala_citizen.webm|thumb|Dogri folk song sung during the interview of a Dhramshala citizen]]
In modern times, a notable Dogri translation (in the New Dogra script) of the [[Sanskrit]] classic mathematical opus ''[[Lilavati]]'', by the noted mathematician [[Bhaskara II|Bhaskaracharya]] (b. 1114 AD), was published by the Vidya Vilas Press, Jammu in 1873.<ref name="book0c0">
{{cite book
|title=Līlāvatī (Dogri translation)
|author=Bhāskarācārya
|publisher=Vidya Vilas
|location=Jammu
|year=1873
|url=http://www.worldcat.org/wcpa/ow/53106996
}}</ref> As Sanskrit literacy remained confined to a few, the late Maharaja Ranbir Singh had the ''Lilavati'' translated into Dogri by Jyotshi Bisheshwar, then principal of Jammu Pathshala.<ref name="book0c01">
{{cite book
|title=Century-Old Printed Dogri Literature
|first=B. P
|last=Sharma
|publisher=Jammu & Kashmir State Research Biannual
}}</ref>

Dogri has an established tradition of poetry, fiction and dramatic works. Recent poets range from the 18th-century Dogri poet Kavi Dattu (1725–1780) in Raja Ranjit Dev's court to Professor [[Ram Nath Shastri]] and Mrs. [[Padma Sachdev]]. Kavi Dattu is highly regarded for his ''Barah Massa'' (Twelve Months), ''Kamal Netra'' (Lotus Eyes), ''Bhup Bijog'' and ''Bir Bilas''.<ref name="book0c02">
{{cite book
|title=Dogra Legends of Art & Culture
|first=Ashok
|last=Jerath
|publisher=Indus Publishing
|year=1988
|isbn=978-81-7387-082-8
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ToONShWeEB0C
|page=236
}}</ref> ''[[Shiraza Dogri]]'' is a Dogri literary periodical issued by the Jammu and Kashmir Academy of Art, Culture and Languages, which is a notable publisher of modern Dogri literary work, another being the Dogri Sanstha. Popular recent songs include ''Pala Shapaiya Dogariya'', ''Manne di Mauj'' and ''Shhori Deya''. The noted Pakistani singer [[Malika Pukhraj]] had roots in Duggar,<ref name="book0c03">
{{Cite book
|title=Encyclopedia of Women & Islamic Cultures
|first1=Suad
|last1=Joseph
|first2=Afsaneh
|last2=Najmabadi
|publisher=Brill
|location= Leiden
|year=2003
|isbn=978-90-04-12821-7
|pages=75
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VluzAAAAIAAJ
}}</ref> and her renditions of several Dogri songs continue to be popular in the region. Some devotional songs ([[bhajan]]s) composed by [[Karan Singh]] have gained increasing popularity over time, including ''Kaun Kareyaan Teri Aarti''.

Dogri programming features regularly on [[Radio Kashmir]] (a division of [[All India Radio]]), and [[Doordarshan]] (Indian state television) broadcasts in [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]. However, Dogri does not have a dedicated state television channel yet, unlike Kashmiri (which has the Doordarshan Koshur channel, available on cable and satellite television throughout India).{{Citation needed|date=September 2021}}

Official recognition of the language has been gradual, but progressive. On 2 August 1969, the General Council of the [[Sahitya Academy]], Delhi recognized Dogri as an "independent modern literary language" of India, based on the unanimous recommendation of a panel of linguists.<ref name="book0c1">
{{cite book
|title=Five Decades; the National Academy of Letters, India: a Short History of Sahitya Akademi
|first=S.
|last=Rao
|publisher=Sahitya Akademi
|year=2004
|isbn=9788126020607
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=12pjAAAAMAAJ
}}</ref> Dogri is one of the official languages of the Indian union territory of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]. On 22 December 2003, in a major milestone for the official status of the language, Dogri was recognized as a national language of India in the [[Constitution of India|Indian constitution]].<ref name="book0c20">
{{Cite news
 |title=Lok Sabha passes bill recognising Dogri, 3 other languages 
 |newspaper=Daily Excelsior 
 |location=Jammu and Kashmir 
 |date=2003-12-23 
 |access-date=2008-10-31 
 |url=http://www.dailyexcelsior.com/web1/03dec23/news.htm 
 |quote=Dogri among other three languages has been included in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution when Lok Sabha unanimously approved an amendment in the Constitution 
 |url-status=dead 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081202165131/http://www.dailyexcelsior.com/web1/03dec23/news.htm 
 |archive-date=2008-12-02 
}}</ref><ref name="book0c2">
{{cite book
|title=Language Policy, Culture, and Identity in Asian Contexts
|first=Amy
|last=Tsui
|publisher=Routledge
|year=2007
|isbn=978-0-8058-5694-1
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xuci1lT08fsC
}}</ref>

In 2005, a collection of over 100 works of prose and poetry in Dogri published over the last 50 years was made accessible online at the [[Central Institute of Indian Languages]] (CIIL), Mysore. This included works of eminent writer Dhinu Bhai Panth, Professor Madan Mohan Sharma, B.P. Sathai and Ram Nath Shastri.<ref>{{cite news |title=Finally, a boost: Dogri literature now a click away|url=http://expressindia.indianexpress.com/news/fullstory.php?newsid=47004 |publisher= Indian Express|date=19 May 2005 |access-date=26 Feb 2013}}</ref>

== Sample text ==
The following text is from Article 1 of the [[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]].
{| class="wikitable"
!Dogri ([[Name Dogra Akkhar]] script)
|{{Script|Dogr|𑠩𑠬𑠤𑠳 𑠢𑠝𑠯𑠊𑠹𑠋 𑠢𑠴𑠪𑠹𑠢𑠬 𑠙𑠳 𑠀𑠜𑠭𑠊𑠬𑠤𑠳𑠷 𑠛𑠳 𑠠𑠭𑠧𑠳 𑠏 𑠑𑠝𑠢𑠴 𑠚𑠢𑠬𑠷 𑠩𑠯𑠙𑠴𑠷𑠙𑠤 𑠙𑠳 𑠠𑠤𑠵𑠠𑠤 𑠝। 𑠄'𑠝𑠳𑠷𑠌𑠮 𑠠𑠯𑠛𑠹𑠜𑠮 𑠙𑠳 𑠑𑠢𑠮𑠤𑠴 𑠛𑠮 𑠛𑠳𑠝 𑠚𑠹𑠪𑠵𑠃 𑠇 𑠙𑠳 𑠄'𑠝𑠳𑠷𑠌𑠮 𑠁𑠞𑠰𑠷-𑠠𑠭𑠏𑠹𑠏𑠳𑠷 𑠡𑠬𑠃𑠏𑠬𑠤𑠳 𑠛𑠳 𑠡𑠬𑠦𑠴 𑠊𑠝𑠹𑠝𑠴 𑠠𑠹𑠣𑠪𑠬𑠤 𑠊𑠤𑠝𑠬 𑠥𑠵𑠫𑠛𑠬 𑠇।}}
|-
!Dogri (Devanagari script)
|सारे मनुक्ख मैह्मा ते अधिकारें दे बिशे च जनमै थमां सुतैंतर ते बरोबर न। उ'नेंगी बुद्धी ते जमीरै दी देन थ्होई ऐ ते उ'नेंगी आपूं-बिच्चें भाईचारे दे भावै कन्नै ब्यहार करना लोड़दा ऐ।
|-
!Dogri (Perso-Arabic script)
|{{nastaliq|سارے منکّھ میہما تے ادھکاریں دے بشے چ جنمے تھماں ستیںتر تے بروبر ن۔ ا'نیںگی بُدھِّی تے جمیرے دی دین تھہوئی اے تے ا'نیںگی آپوں-بچّیں بھائیچارے دے بھاوے کنّے بیہار کرنا لوڑدا اے۔}}
|-
!Dogri transliteration ([[ISO 15919]])
|{{transl|doi|ISO|Sārē manukkha maihmā tē adhikārēṁ dē biśē ca janmai thamāṁ sutaintar tē barōbar na. U'nēṁgī buddhī tē jamīrai dī dēn thhōī ai tē u'nēṁgī āpūṁ-biccēṁ bhāīcārē dē bhāvai kannai byahār karnā lōṛdā ai.|italic=no}}
|-
!Dogri [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]
|{{IPA|[saː.ɾeː mə.nʊk.kʰə mɛ́ː.maː t̪eː ə.d̪ɪ̀.kaː.ɾẽː d̪eː bɪ.ʃeː t͡ʃə d͡ʒən.mɛː t̪ʰə.mãː sʊ.t̪ɛːn.t̪əɾ t̪eː bə.ɾoː.bəɾ nə ‖ ʊ́.nẽː.giː bʊd̪.d̪ìː t̪eː d͡ʒə.miː.ɾɛː d̪iː d̪eːn t̪ʰòː.iː ɛː t̪eː ʊ́.nẽː.giː aː.pũː.bɪt̪.t͡ʃẽː pàː.iː.t͡ʃaː.ɾeː d̪eː pàː.ʋɛː kən.nɛː bjə.àːɾ kəɾ.naː loːɽ.d̪aː ɛː ‖]}}
|-
!English translation
|All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
|}

==See also==
* [[List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Dogri]]
* [[Dogri cinema]]
* [[Dogri literature]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* Gopal Haldar (2000). ''Languages of India''.  New Delhi: National Book Trust

==External links==
{{Incubator|code= dgo}}
{{Wikivoyage|Dogri phrasebook|Dogri|a phrasebook}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070513223558/http://www.duggartimes.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=161&Itemid=128 The Dogri Language], article by [[Ved Kumari Ghai]]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081202165131/http://www.dailyexcelsior.com/web1/03dec23/news.htm Dailyexcelsior.com], "One Hundredth Amendment," news report on the recognition of Dogri as a national language.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070701042428/http://www.w3cindia.in/2006/08/Talks/W3C%20Presentation%2003-08-06%28MDK%29.ppt Modifications to Devanagri to represent Dogri tones]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081121102039/http://www.pahari.org/ Pahari.org], Alami Pahari Adabi Sangat (Global Pahari Cultural Association)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20151104161836/http://ildc.in/Dogri/Dindex.aspx Dogri computing resources at TDIL (Devanagari Script)]

{{Dogri-Kangri languages}}
{{Languages of India}}
{{Languages of Pakistan}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dogri Language}}
[[Category:Dogri language| ]]
[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]
[[Category:Northern Indo-Aryan languages]]
[[Category:Languages of Punjab, Pakistan]]
[[Category:Official languages of India]]
[[Category:Languages of Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Languages written in Brahmic scripts]]
[[Category:Jammu Division]]
[[Category: Pitch-accent language]]
[[Category:Tonal languages in non-tonal families]]
[[Category:Languages written in Devanagari]]