View source for Flora and fauna of Madhya Pradesh

{{Short description|none}} <!-- This short description is INTENTIONALLY "none" - please see WP:SDNONE before you consider changing it! -->
[[Image:Forests of MP.JPG|thumb|300px|Forest in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Image:Hinglajgarh Forest.jpg|thumb|300px|Hinglaj Fort surrounded by deep mixed forests in [[Mandsaur]]]]
[[Madhya Pradesh]], often called the "Heart of India", is a [[States and territories of India|state]] in central [[India]]. Its capital is [[Bhopal]]. Madhya Pradesh was the largest state in India until 1 November 2000 when the state of [[Chhattisgarh]] was carved out. It borders the states of [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Chhattisgarh]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Gujarat]] and [[Rajasthan]].

== Forest composition ==
[[Image:Amarkantak3.jpg|thumb|300px|Mixed forests at Amarkantak]]

[[Shorea robusta|Sal]], [[bamboo]], [[Senegalia catechu|khair]].
[[File:Diospyros melanoxylon Tendu.jpg|thumb|Tendu patta (leaf) collection]]

===Medicinal plants===
Medicinal trees and plants are found in the forests of Madhya Pradesh. Important ones are: ''[[Aegle marmelos]]'', ''[[Azadirachta indica]]'', ''[[Bixa orellana]]'', ''[[Butea monosperma]]'', ''[[Asparagus racemosus]]'', ''[[Argemone mexicana]]'', ''[[Buchanania lanzan]]'', ''[[Aloe barbadensis]]'', ''[[Acorus calamus]]'', ''[[Cassia tora]]'', ''[[Curculigo orchioides]]'', ''[[Curcuma longa]]'', ''[[Embelia ribes]]'', ''[[Clitoria ternatea]]'', ''[[Mangifera indica]]'', ''[[Cassia fistula]]'', ''[[Evolvulus alsinoides]]'', ''[[Commiphora mukul]]'', ''[[Helicteres isora]]'', ''Holorrhaena antidysenterica'', ''[[Glycyrrhiza glabra]]'', ''[[Woodfordia fruticosa]]'',. ''[[Dioscorea spp]]'', ''Plumbago zeylaniea'', ''[[Terminalia bellirica]]'', ''[[Tamarindus indica]]'', ''[[Mucuna pruriens]]'', ''[[Pongamia pinnata]]'', ''[[Terminalia bellirica]]'', ''[[Psoralea corylifolia]]'', ''Phyllanthus embilica'', ''[[Ocimum americanum]]'', ''[[Rauvolfia serpentina]]'', ''Tinospora cardifolio'', ''[[Withania somnifera]]'', ''[[Swertia chirayita]]'', ''Tribulus terrestres'', ''[[Chlorophytum tuberosum]]'', and ''Cyprus rotundus''.

== Forest growing stock ==
[[File:Fort Bandhavgarh National Park Madhya Pradesh India.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Bandhavgarh National Park]]]]
The total growing stock (volume of timber / wood) is 50,000,000 m<sup>3</sup> valued worth Rs 2.5 [[lakh]] [[crore]]s

== Protected areas ==
Madhya Pradesh is home to 11 [[National parks of India|national parks]], including [[Bandhavgarh National Park]], [[Kanha National Park]], [[Satpura National Park]], [[Sanjay National Park]], [[Madhav National Park]], [[Van Vihar National Park]], [[Mandla Plant Fossils National Park]], [[Panna National Park]], [[Pench National Park]], [[Kuno National Park]] and dinosaur fossil National Park Madhya Pradesh.

There are also a number of natural preserves, including [[Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve]], [[Patalkot, Madhya Pradesh|Patalkot]], [[Bagh Caves]], [[Bhedaghat]], [[Bori Wildlife Sanctuary]], [[Ken Gharial Sanctuary]], [[Ghatigaon Wildlife Sanctuary]], [[Kuno-Palpur Wildlife Sanctuary]], [[Narwar]], [[National Chambal Sanctuary]], Kukdeshwar, Chidi Kho, [[Narsinghpur|Narsinghgarh]], [[Nauradehi Wildlife Sanctuary]], [[Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve]], Panpatha, Shikarganj, and Tamia.

== National parks and their fauna ==
There are 11 [[national parks]] and 24 [[sanctuaries]] spread over an area of 94,3489 km<sup>2</sup> constituting 12.27% of the total forest area and 3.52% of the geographical area of the state.

*[[Kanha National Park|Kanha]], [[Bandhavgarh National Park|Bandhavgarh]], [[Pench National Park|Pench]], [[Panna National Park|Panna]], and [[Satpura National Park]] are managed as [[Project Tiger]] areas.
*Sardarpur sanctuary in [[Dhar]] and [[Sailana]] are managed for conservation of kharmore or [[lesser florican]].
*Ghatigaon sanctuary is managed for [[great Indian bustard]] or son chiriya.
*[[National Chambal Sanctuary]] is managed for conservation of [[gharial]] and [[crocodile]], [[river dolphin]], [[smooth-coated otter]] and a number of [[turtle]] species.
*Ken-gharial and Son-gharial sanctuaries are managed for conservation of [[gharial]] and mugger.
*[[Barasingha]] is the state animal and [[Indian paradise flycatcher|dudhraj]] is the state bird of Madhya Pradesh.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Name of national park !! Area !! Location !! Established !! Fauna
|-
| [[Kanha National Park]] || 940&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> || [[Mandla]] || 1955 ||
[[Tiger]], [[leopard|panther]], [[gaur]], [[chital]], [[sambar (deer)|sambar]], [[nilgai]], [[chinkara]], [[barking deer]], [[swamp deer]], ([[barasingha]]), [[wild boar]] and a variety of upland birds.
|-
| [[Bandhavgarh National Park]] || 437&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> || [[Umaria]] || 1968 ||
[[Tiger]], [[leopard|panther]], [[gaur]], [[chital]], [[sambar (deer)|sambar]], [[nilgai]], [[chinkara]], [[barking deer]], [[wild boar]] and a variety of upland birds.
|-
| [[Madhav National Park]]|| 354&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> || [[Shivpuri]] || 1959 ||
[[leopard|Panther]], [[chital]], [[sambar (deer)|sambar]], [[nilgai]], [[chinkara]], [[blackbuck]], [[chausingha]], [[wild boar]], [[crocodile]]s in lake, and a variety of upland birds.
|-
| [[Sanjay National Park]]|| 467&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> || [[Sidhi]] || 1981 ||
[[Tiger]], [[leopard|panther]], [[sambar (deer)|sambar]], [[chital]], [[gaur]], etc.
|-
| [[Van Vihar National Park]] || 4.45&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> || [[Bhopal]] || 1983 ||
[[Tiger]], [[leopard|panther]], [[lion]], [[bear]], [[hyena]], etc.
|-
| [[Panna National Park]] || 543&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> || [[Panna, Madhya Pradesh|Panna]], [[Chhatarpur]] || 1981 ||
[[Tiger]], [[chital]], [[chinkara]], [[sambar (deer)|sambar]] and [[sloth bear]].
|-
| [[Satpura National Park]] || 524&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> || [[Pachmarhi]] || 1981 ||
[[Tiger]], [[leopard]], [[sambar (deer)|sambar]], [[chital]], bherki, [[nilgai]], [[four-horned antelope]], [[chinkara]], [[bison]] (gour), [[wild boar]], [[dhole|wild dog]], [[bear]], [[blackbuck]], [[fox]], [[porcupine]], [[flying squirrel]], [[mouse deer]], [[Indian giant squirrel]], etc.
|-
| [[Pench National Park, Madhya Pradesh|Pench National Park]] ||293&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> || [[Seoni]], [[Chhindwara district|Chhindwara]]||1975 ||
[[Tiger]], [[leopard|panther]], [[bison]], [[chital]], [[sambar (deer)|sambhar]], [[nilgai]], [[chinkara]], [[barking deer]], [[chowsingha]], [[wild boar]] and a variety of upland birds.
|-
| [[Ghughua Fossil Park|Ghughua Fossil National Park]]|| 0.27&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> || [[Dindori district|Dindori]]|| 1983 ||
Plant fossils
|-
|Dinosaur Fossils National Park
|0.89 km<sup>2</sup>
|[[Dhar district, India|Dhar]]
|2011
|
|-
|[[Kuno National Park]]
|748.76 km<sup>2</sup> 
|[[Sheopur district|Sheopur]]
|2018
|
|-
| Omkareshwar National Park 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|}

== List of sanctuaries ==
There are 30 wildlife sanctuaries in Madhya Pradesh:<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://mpforest.org/wildlife.html
|title=Wild Life
|work=mpforest.org
|publisher=Madhya Pradesh Forest Department
|accessdate=14 September 2016
}}</ref>
*[[Bori Wildlife Sanctuary]] (Narmadapuram) {{convert|518.00|km2|abbr=on}}
*[[Bagdara Wildlife Sanctuary]] (Singrauli) {{convert|478.90|km2|abbr=on}}
*Phen Sanctuary (Mandla) {{convert|110.74|km2|abbr=on}}
*[[Ghatigaon Sanctuary]] (Gwalior) {{convert|512.00|km2|abbr=on}}
*[[Gandhi Sagar Sanctuary]] (Mandsaur, Neemuch) {{convert|368.62|km2|abbr=on}}
*Karera Sanctuary (Shivpuri) {{convert|202.21|km2|abbr=on}}
* [[Ken Gharial Sanctuary]] (Chhatarpur, Panna) {{convert|45.00|km2|abbr=on}}
*[[Kheoni Wildlife Sanctuary]] (Dewas, Sehore) {{convert|122.70|km2|abbr=on}}
*Narsingharh Sanctuary (Rajgarh) {{convert|57.19|km2|abbr=on}}
*[[National Chambal Sanctuary]] (Morena) {{convert|320.00|km2|abbr=on}}
*[[Nauradehi Wildlife Sanctuary]] (Sagar, Damoh, Narsinghpur) {{convert|1194.67|km2|abbr=on}}
*Pachmarhi Sanctuary (Narmadapuram) {{convert|461.85|km2|abbr=on}}
*[[Panpatha Wildlife Sanctuary]] (Umaria) {{convert|245.84|km2|abbr=on}}
*[[Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary]] (Sheopur) {{convert|345.00|km2|abbr=on}}
*[[Pench National Park]] (Seoni) {{convert|449.39|km2|abbr=on}}
*[[Ratapani Tiger Reserve]] (Raisen, Sehore) {{convert|823.84|km2|abbr=on}}
*[[Sanjay National Park#Sanjay-Dubri Tiger Reserve|Sanjay-Dubri Wildlife Sanctuary]] (Sidhi) {{convert|364.69|km2|abbr=on}}
*Singhori Sanctuary (Raisen) {{convert|287.91|km2|abbr=on}}
*[[Son Gharial Wildlife Sanctuary]] (Sidhi) {{convert|41.80|km2|abbr=on}}
*Sardarpur Sanctuary (Dhar) {{convert|348.12|km2|abbr=on}}
*Sailana Sanctuary (Ratlam) {{convert|12.96|km2|abbr=on}}
* [[Ralamandal Wildlife Sanctuary|Ralamandal wildlife Sanctuary]] (Indore) {{convert|5|km2|abbr=on}}
*[[Orchha Wildlife Sanctuary]] (Niwari) {{convert|46|km2|abbr=on}}
*Gangau Sanctuary (Panna) {{convert|69|km2|abbr=on}}
*Veerangna Durgawati Sanctuary (Damoh) {{convert|24|km2|abbr=on}}

== Climate ==
Madhya Pradesh has a subtropical climate. Like most of north India, it has a hot, dry summer (April–June) followed by the monsoon rains (July–September), and a cool and relatively dry winter. The average rainfall is about 1,370&nbsp;mm (53.9&nbsp;in). It decreases from east to west. The south-eastern districts have the heaviest rainfall, some places receiving as much as 2,150&nbsp;mm (84.6&nbsp;in), while the western and north-western districts receive 1,000&nbsp;mm (39.4&nbsp;in) or less.

== Tribals and forests ==
{{Main|Tribals in Madhya Pradesh}}
The tribal population is an integral part of the biodiversity of the forests since ages. A large number of ethnic aboriginal tribes are there who live in and around forests in Madhya Pradesh. The main tribal groups are:

*[[Bhil]]s
**[[Barela]]s
**[[Bhilala]]s
**Patliya
*[[Korku people|Korku]]
**Movasiruma
**Nahala
**Vavari
**Bodoya
*[[Agaria]]
*[[Baiga (tribe)|Baiga]]
**Bijhwar
**Narotia
**Bharotiya
**Nahar
**Rai Bhaina
**Kadh Bhaina
*[[Kaul]]
**Rohiya
**Rauthail
*[[Saharia]]
*[[Bharia people|Bharia]]
**[[Bhumiya]]
**Bhuihar
**Pando
*[[Gondi people|Gond]]
**Pardhan
**[[Agariya people|Agariya]]
**[[Ojha]]
**Nagarchi
**Solhas
*[[Halba people|Halba]]
**Halbi
**Bastariya
**Chhatisgarhiya
*[[Maria language (India)|Mariya]]
**Abujh Mariya,
**Dandami Mariya,
**Metakoitur

== See also ==
*[[Flora of Madhya Pradesh]]

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
Image:White Tiger.png|[[White tiger]]
Image:Mnp1.jpg|[[Madhav National Park]]
Image:Shesh Shaiya.JPG|[[Bandhavgarh National Park]]
Image:Gamhar.jpg|''[[Gmelina arborea]]''
Image:Satpura1.jpg|[[Satpura Range]]
Image:Terpsiphone paradisi.jpg|[[Indian paradise flycatcher]]
Image:Sonchiriya.jpg|[[Great Indian bustard]]
</gallery>

==References==
<references />
* [http://www.forest.mp.gov.in/ Madhya Pradesh Forest Department]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070630102133/http://www.mfpfederation.com/content/about_us.html Minor Forest Produce Federation Madhya Pradesh]
* ''Madhya Pradesh A to Z'', Madhya Pradesh State Tourism Development Corporation, Cross Section Publications Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi 1994

[[Category:Flora of Madhya Pradesh| ]]
[[Category:Fauna of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Madhya Pradesh-related lists]]
[[Category:Lists of biota of India|Madhya Pradesh]]