View source for Ghazi-ud-Din Haidar Shah

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name            = Ghazi-ud-Din Haidar Shah
| title           = [[Nawab of Awadh|Nawab Wazir al-Mamalik of Awadh]]<br />[[Nawab of Awadh|Padshah-e Awadh, Shah-e Zaman]]
| image           = Ghazi-ud-Din Haider.jpg
| caption         =
| succession      = [[Nawab]] [[Vizier|Wazir]] of [[Oudh]]
| reign           = 11 July 1814 – 19 October 1818
| coronation      = 12 July 1814, [[Lucknow]]
| predecessor     = [[Saadat Ali Khan II|Yamin ad-Dowla Nazem al-Molk Sa`adat 'Ali Khan II Bahadur]]
| successor       = [[Nasiruddin Haider|Naser ad-Din Haydar Solayman Jah Shah]]
| succession2     = [[King]] of [[Oudh]]
| reign2          = 19 October 1818 – 19 October 1827
| coronation2     =
| full name       = Ghazi ad-Din Rafa`at ad-Dowla Abu´l-Mozaffar Haydar Khan
| predecessor2    = [[Saadat Ali Khan II|Yamin ad-Dowla Nazem al-Molk Sa`adat 'Ali Khan II Bahadur]]
| successor2      = [[Nasiruddin Haider|Naser ad-Din Haydar Solayman Jah Shah]]
| spouse          = Padshah Begum<ref name="auto">{{Cite book|last=Sleeman|first=William|title=A Journey through the Kingdom of Oude|publisher=Richard Bentley|year=1858}}</ref>
| royal house     = Nishapuri
| dynasty         = Oudh
| father          = [[Saadat Ali Khan II]]
| mother          =
| birth_date   = circa 1769
| birth_place  =
| death_date   = 19 October 1827
| death_place  = 
| date of burial  =
| place of burial =
| religion = [[Shia Islam]]
}}

'''Ghazi-ud-Din Haidar Shah''' (c. 1769 – 19 October 1827) was the last<ref name="tripod">{{Cite web|url=https://oudh.tripod.com/gh/gh.htm|title=King Ghaziuddin Haidar|website=oudh.tripod.com}}</ref> [[nawab wazir of Oudh]] from 11 July 1814 to 19 October 1818, and first<ref name="tripod" /> [[Nawab of Awadh|King of Oudh]] (Oudh State) from 19 October 1818 to 19 October 1827.<ref name="worldstatesman">{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_princes_A-J.html|title=Indian Princely States before 1947 A-J|website=www.worldstatesmen.org}}</ref><ref name="HoA">{{Cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010901224326/http://www.indiancoins.8m.com/awadh/AwadhHist.html#GhaziuddinHaider|title=HISTORY OF AWADH|date=1 September 2001|website=web.archive.org}}</ref>

==Life==
[[File:Ghazi-ud-Din Haider Robert Home 1820.jpg|thumb|left|'Ghazi-ud-Din Haider, [[King of Awadh]], receiving Tribute']]
He was the third son of Nawab [[Saadat Ali Khan II|Saadat Ali Khan]] and Mushir Zadi<ref name="EI-cities">[http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=252913 Another city monument in need of attention] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070831235013/http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=252913 |date=31 August 2007 }}, Express News Service, 27 August 2007</ref> was his mother. He became ''Nawab Wazir'' of Oudh on 11 July 1814 after the death of his father.

In 1816, as a consequence of the [[Nepal War]] (in which Ghazi-ud-Din loaned the British 1 Crore Rupees), the East India Company made some territorial readjustments in order to liquidate the loan. They ceded to him the districts of Nawabgunge & Khyreegunge (both taken from Oudh in 1801), along with the Terae lands taken from Nepal, and took Handea (or Kewae).<ref name="auto"/>

In 1818, under the influence of [[the Marquess of Hastings]], the British [[Governor-General of India|Governor of the Presidency of Fort William (Bengal)]], he declared himself as the independent ''Padshah-i-Awadh'' (King of Oudh). Lord Hastings believed that if Ghazi-ud-din, were made king, he would be a useful counterpoise to the Emperor of Delhi. He accordingly induced him to coin money in his own name, and to assume the title of Shah (King). This was perhaps the most sterile stroke of the sterile science of diplomacy that was ever conceived or executed. The title never took much root out of Lucknow, and though Ghazi-ud-din and his four successors were all titular kings, their rule is far more commonly spoken of by the country folk as the "Nawabi" than as "Shahi".<ref>{{Cite book|last=Irwin|first=Henry C.|url=https://www.amazon.co.uk/Garden-India-Chapters-History-Affairs/dp/8120615425|title=The garden of India: or, Chapters on Oudh history and affairs|publisher=W. H. Allen|year=1880|isbn=8120615425|location=London|pages=112}}</ref>

He died in the ''Farhat Bakhsh'' palace in Lucknow in 1827. He was succeeded by his son [[Nasiruddin Haider|Nasir-ud-Din Haider]] after his death.

[[File:Tomb of Musir Zadi.jpg|thumb|Tomb of Mushir Zadi.jpg]]

==Patron of art and culture==
[[File:Chattar Manzil.jpg|thumb|left|225px|''Chutter Manzil and the Royal Boat of Oude'' by [[Felice Beato]]]]
[[File:A Procession of Ghazi ud-Din Haider through Lucknow.jpg|thumb|A Procession of Ghazi ud-Din Haider through Lucknow]]
Several monuments in [[Lucknow]] were constructed by Ghazi-ud-Din Haidar. He built the [[Chattar Manzil]] palace and added the ''Mubarak Manzil'' and the ''Shah Manzil'' in the [[Moti Mahal (Lucknow)|Moti Mahal]] complex for better viewing of the animal fights. He also constructed the tombs of his parents, Sadat Ali Khan and Mushir Zadi Begum.<ref name="EI-cities" /> For his European wife, he constructed a European style building known as the ''Vilayati Bagh''. Another creation, the ''[[Imambara Shah Najaf|Shah Najaf Imambara]]'' (1816), his mausoleum, on the bank of the [[Gomti River|Gomti]] is a copy of the fourth Caliph [[Ali]]'s (R.A) burial place in [[Najaf]], [[Iraq]].  His three wives, Sarfaraz Mahal, Mubarak Mahal and Mumtaz Mahal were also buried here.

Ghazi-ud-Din first appointed a British artist, Robert Home (1752–1834) as his court artist and after his retirement in 1828, he appointed another Briton, [[George Duncan Beechey]] (1798–1852) as his court artist. In 1815, Raja Ratan Singh (1782–1851), a noted astronomer, poet and scholar of Arabic, Persian, Turkish, Sanskrit and English joined his court. Because of his initiative, a royal litho printing press in Lucknow was set up in 1821 and the ''Haft Qulzum'', a dictionary and grammar of the Persian language in two volumes was published from this press in the same year.

==Coins of Ghazi-ud-Din==
After declaring himself as King, Ghazi-ud-Din Haidar Shah issued coins on his name instead of the Mughal emperor, Shah Alam II from AH 1234 (1818). His coins were completely different from his predecessors.  The most important feature of his coinage was the introduction of his coat of arms on the reverse of coin, consisting of two fish facing each other, two tigers each holding a pennon for support and a ''Katar'' (a small dagger) surmounted by a crown symbolizing the king.<ref>Gupta P.L. (1969, reprint 2000). Coins, New Delhi: National Book Trust, {{ISBN|81-237-1887-X}}, pp. 178–9</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Flag of Awadh.svg|Flag of Nawabs of Awadh, introduced during the reign of Ghazi-ud-Din Haidar Shah(1814–1827).
File:अवध मोहर.jpg|Other Seal, introduced during the reign of Ghazi-ud-Din Haidar (1814–1827).
File:Ghazi ud-Din Haidar.jpg|Ghazi ud-Din Haidar, seventh Nawab (1814–27), entertains Lord and Lady Moira to a banquet in his palace Opaque watercolour, 1820–22
File:Sword and Scabbard of Nawab Ghazi-ud-Din Haidar Shah of Awadh.jpg|Scimitar and Scabbard of Nawab Ghazi-ud-Din Haidar Shah of Awadh.
File:Hilt of Ghazi-ud-Din Haidar Shah's sword.jpg|Hilt of Ghazi-ud-Din Haidar Shah's sword.
File:Fish motif on the cross-guard of Ghazi-ud-Din Haidar Shah's sword.jpg|Fish motif on the cross-guard of Ghazi-ud-Din Haidar Shah's sword.
File:Tiger's head at the cross-guard of Ghazi-ud-Din Haidar Shah's sword.jpg|Tiger's head at the quillon of Ghazi-ud-Din Haidar Shah's sword.
File:Tiger's head at the pommel of Ghazi-ud-Din Haidar Shah's sword.jpg|Tiger's head at the pommel of Ghazi-ud-Din Haidar Shah's sword.
</gallery>

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=nt}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090915185442/http://lucknow.nic.in/Wazir.htm National Informatics Centre, Lucknow – Rulers of Awadh]
* [http://oudh.tripod.com/misc/noosec.htm#wak NAWABS OF OUDH & THEIR SECULARISM – Dr. B. S. Saxena]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20010901224326/http://www.indiancoins.8m.com/awadh/AwadhHist.html#WazirAliKhan HISTORY OF AWADH (Oudh) a princely State of India by Hameed Akhtar Siddiqui]

{{s-start}}
{{succession box|
  before=[[Saadat Ali Khan II|Yamin ad-Dowla Nazem al-Molk Sa`adat 'Ali Khan II Bahadur]]|
  title=[[Nawab of Oudh|Nawab Wazir al-Mamalik of Oudh]]|
  years=11 Jul 1814 – 19 Oct 1818|
  after=abolished
}}
{{succession box|
  before=new creation|
  title=[[Nawab of Oudh|Padshah-e Oudh, Shah-e Zaman]]|
  years=19 Oct 1818 – 19 Oct 1827|
  after=[[Nasiruddin Haider|Naser ad-Din Haydar Solayman Jah Shah]]
}}
{{s-end}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ghazi-Ud-Din Haidar Shah}}
[[Category:1769 births]]
[[Category:Indian Shia Muslims]]
[[Category:Nawabs of Awadh]]
[[Category:1827 deaths]]