View source for Hell Scroll Nara National Museum

{{For|the Hell Scroll held at the Tokyo National Museum|Hell Scroll (Tokyo National Museum)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox Artwork
| image_file=Hell Scroll Nara Foxes and Wolves.tif
| image_size=350px
| title=Hell Scroll
| artist=Unknown
 |year = 12th century
| type=Color on paper
| height_metric=26.5
| width_metric=453.9
| height_imperial=
| width_imperial=
| metric_unit=cm
| imperial_unit=in
| city=[[Nara, Nara|Nara]], [[Nara Prefecture]], [[Japan]]
| museum=[[Nara National Museum]]
}}
{{nihongo|'''Hell Scroll'''|地獄草紙|jigokuzōji}} is a scroll depicting seven out of the sixteen lesser hells presented in Kisekyō ("Sutra of the World Arising"). Six of the paintings are accompanied by text, which all begin with the phrase "There is yet another hell", following a description of what the sinners depicted did to end up in this particular hell.

The seven hells depicted are:
# the Hell of Excrement ({{small|[[Japanese language|ja]]}}: {{lang|ja-Hani|屎糞所}}, {{lang|ja-Hira|しふんしょ}}; {{small|[[Korean language|ko]]}}: {{lang|ko|시분소}})
# the Hell of Measures ({{lang|ja-Hani|函量所}}, {{lang|ja-Hira|かんりょうしょ}}; {{lang|ko|함량소}})
# the Hell of the Iron Mortar ({{lang|ja-Hani|鉄磑所}}, {{lang|ja-Hira|てつがいしょ}}; {{lang|ko|철애}})
# the Hell of the Flaming Rooster ({{lang|ja-Hani|鶏地獄}}, {{lang|ja-Hira|とりじごく}}; {{lang|ko|계지옥}})
# the Hell of the Black Sand Cloud ({{lang|ja-Hani|黒雲沙}}, {{lang|ja-Hira|こくうんしゃ}}; {{lang|ko|흑운사}})
# the Hell of Pus and Blood ({{lang|ja-Hani|膿血所}}, {{lang|ja-Hira|のうけつしょ}}; {{lang|ko|농혈소}})
# the Hell of Foxes and Wolves ({{lang|ja-Hani|狐狼地獄 狼野干泥梨}}, {{lang|ja-Hira|ころうじごく ろうやかんないり}}; {{lang|ko|호랑지옥 낭야간니리}})

It is considered likely that the scroll corresponds to the Paintings of the Six Paths, commissioned by Emperor [[Goshirakawa]] in the 12th century. This handscroll was preserved in Daishō-in in Higashiokubo, [[Tokyo]] until the [[Meiji period]], when it came into the hands of the Hara family of Kanagawa, later ending up in the possession of the Japanese government.<ref name="enc">{{cite encyclopedia|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Japan |title=Jigoku-zōshi |url=http://rekishi.jkn21.com/ |accessdate=2012-04-27 |year=2012 |publisher=Shogakukan |location=Tokyo |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070825113418/http://rekishi.jkn21.com/ |archivedate=2007-08-25 }}</ref>

==The whole scroll==
{{Panorama
|image      = File:Hell Scroll Nara.jpg
|height     = 230
|alt        = Image of the whole scroll.
|caption    = The whole scroll. Except for the last section all paintings are accompanied by a text starting with the phrase: "There is yet another hell,..." followed by a description of the cause of the sinner's fall into this particular hell.
}}

==See also==
*[[Naraka (Buddhism)]]
*[[List of National Treasures of Japan (paintings)]]

==External links==
{{Commons cat|Hell Scroll (Nara National Museum)}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060907215254/http://www.emuseum.jp/cgi/pkihon.cgi?SyoID=1&ID=w002&SubID=s000 Tokyo National Museum's page on the scrolls, with pictures and descriptions of the individual paintings]

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{cite web |url=http://www.emuseum.jp/detail/100237/000/000?mode=detail&d_lang=en&s_lang=en&class=&title=&c_e=&region=&era=&century=&cptype=&owner=&pos=1&num=6 |title=Hell Scroll |work=Emuseum |publisher=National Institutes for Cultural Heritage |accessdate=2010-11-08}}

[[Category:Buddhist paintings]]
[[Category:Naraka]]
[[Category:National Treasures of Japan]]
[[Category:Japanese paintings]]
[[Category:Paintings in the collection of the Nara National Museum]]
[[Category:12th-century manuscripts]]
[[Category:12th-century paintings]]


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