View source for Indian People's Theatre Association

{{Short description|Indian theatre company organization}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Multiple issues|{{more citations needed|date=July 2017}}
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{{Infobox organization
| name                = Indian People's Theatre Association (IPTA)
| image               = Indian People's Theatre Association 1994 stamp.jpg
| image_border        = 
| size                = 
| alt                 = 
| caption             = A 1994 postage stamp of India, dedicated to the 50th anniversary of IPTA.
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| formation           = {{start date and age|df=yes|p=y|1943|5|25}}<br />[[Bombay]], [[Bombay Presidency]], [[British Raj]]
| type                = Cultural Organization
| leader_title        = President
| leader_name         = Ranbir Sinh
| leader_title2       = General Secretary
| leader_name2        = Rakesh
| purpose             = 
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| affiliations        = [[Communist Party of India]]
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| website             = {{url|https://ipta.in/}}
| remarks             = 
}}
'''Indian People's Theatre Association''' ('''IPTA''') is the oldest association of theatre-artists in [[India]]. IPTA was formed in 1943 during the [[British Raj|British rule in India]], and promoted themes related to the [[Indian freedom struggle]]. Its goal was to bring cultural awakening among the people of India.<ref>Bengali Theatre and Performing Arts. Article in [http://www.bangla-online.info/BanglaLanguage/BengaliTheatrePerformanceArts.htm Bangla-online.info]</ref>

==Beginning==

The Bangalore unit of IPTA was formed in 1941.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780198601746.001.0001/acref-9780198601746-e-1898|title=Indian People's Theatre Association – Oxford Reference|language=en|doi=10.1093/acref/9780198601746.001.0001/acref-9780198601746-e-1898|access-date=19 July 2018}}</ref> IPTA was formed on 25 May 1943 at the National conference of theater artists held at the Marwari school, [[Bombay]] in response to the need for theater artists to become part of the Indian freedom struggle. Its origins lay in the first Progressive Writer's Association Conference that was held in 1936, the establishment of the Youth Cultural Institute at Calcutta in 1940, and the setting up of the People's Theatre in Bangalore by Anil De’ Silva in 1941. Its initial members consisted of various progressive cultural troupes, theatre groups and other progressive cultural activists. The name People's Theatre was suggested by the renowned scientist Homi Jahangir Bhabha who was in turn inspired by Romain Rolland's book on the concepts of People's Theatre.<ref name="history">{{cite web |title=About IPTA and its history |url=http://www.iptaindia.in/about/ | publisher=IPTA |access-date=5 July 2018}}</ref>

Its initial activities included street plays organized by Binoy Roy of the Bengal Cultural Squad to inform people of the 1942 manmade famine in Bengal. Their ski included a choir ‘Bhookha Hai Bengal’ created by Vamik Jaunpuri and other songs and plays. The squad included musician Prem Dhawan, drum player Dashrath Lal, singer Reva Roy and actress Usha Dutt. Motivated by this squad, several other cultural groups were formed including the Agra Cultural Squad. IPTA was subsequently formed to organize these local groups at the national level.<ref name="history" />

Ideologically these groups were inspired by the left movement and the then General Secretary of the Communist Party of India, P.C. Joshi and the General Secrtetary of the Progressive Writers' Association Sajjad Zaheer.<ref name="history" />

==Initial members==
Some of the initial members of the group were [[Prithviraj Kapoor]], [[Bijon Bhattacharya]], [[Balraj Sahni]], [[Ritwik Ghatak]], [[Utpal Dutt]], [[Khwaja Ahmad Abbas]], [[Salil Chowdhury]], Pandit [[Ravi Shankar]], Jyotirindra Moitra, Niranjan Singh Maan, S. Tera Singh Chan, Jagdish Faryadi, Khalili Faryadi, Rajendra Raghuvanshi Safdar Mir, Hasan Premani,Amiya Bose, [[Sudhin Dasgupta]] etc. The group was formed in 1942, in the background of the [[Second World War]], with [[Bengal famine of 1943]] and starvation deaths in India on the one hand and repression by the colonial masters in the wake of the [[Quit India Movement]] and the aggression by the fascist powers on the [[Soviet Union]] on the other. An All India People's Theatre Conference was held in [[Mumbai]] in 1943 where the group presented its idea and objective of representing the crisis of the time through the medium of theatre and to help people understand their rights and duties. This conference led to the formation of committees of IPTA across India. The movement hit not only theatres, but also cinema and music in Indian languages.Now it is the cultural wing of Communist Party of India (CPI)<ref>{{cite web |title=Constitution of IPTA |url=http://www.iptaindia.in/about/constitution-of-ipta/ | publisher=IPTA |access-date=5 July 2018}}</ref>

[[File:Muktibodh Rashtriya Natya Samaroh.jpg|thumb|Natya Samaroh by IPTA, Chhattisgarh, India]]

==Break up and legacy==
'''IPTA Mumbai''' was another offshoot that has existed over the last six decades and continue to produce dramas till date.<ref>Indian People's Theatre Association. [http://www.mumbaitheatreguide.com/dramas/groups/ipta.asp Article in mumbaitheatreguide.com]</ref> IPTA offshoots exist in other parts of India as well.<ref>Suhrid Sankar Chattopadhyay (June 2005). {{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20070311000002/http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2213/stories/20050701001708800.htm A stage for social commitment]}}. ''Frontline''. Volume 22, Issue 13.</ref>

Group theaters like ''[[Nandikar]]'', ''Spandan'' of Kolkata still produce their dramas often in the line of the IPTA movement, and recently there has been effort to start a similar movement inspired by the IPTA.<ref>Indian Peoples Theatre Association revival by [http://www.spandanipta.com/about.html Spandan]</ref>

==IPTA in West Bengal==

At present IPTA West Bengal is a running organisation led by IPTA West Bengal State Committee. The Secretary is Sri Dibyendu Chattopadhyay, President Sri Hiranmoy Ghosal, Asst. Secretary Sri Ashim Bandyopadhyay. There are many cultural personalities like mass singer Kankan Bhattacharjee, Shankar Mukherjee, Debidas Tarafder, Subhaprasad Nandi Mazumder, Santosh Karmakar, Dramatist: Piyus Sarkar,Tapan Hazra, Ashis Chatterjee, Dancer: Ashis Deb, Film Maker Manish Ghoshe tc. There are 23 District Committees under this organisation and there are approximately 11,000 Artist members in this organization. IPTA W B has been reorganised in its 3rd conference held on 1967 at Kolkata Bagbazar reading room Library.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Social Movement Media|author=John D.H. Downing|publisher=SAGE publications|year=2010|isbn=978-0761926887|pages=359}}</ref>

==IPTA in Assam==
The Assam chapter of IPTA, which worked for the development of humanity through culture, was formed in 1947. [[Hemango Biswas]], the founder secretary of the chapter, worked with some of the prominent personalities of the state such as Jyotiprasad Agarwala, Bishnu Prasad Rabha and [[Dr Bhupen Hazarika]] among others. Bhupen Hazarika began close association with IPTA soon after returning from the United States in the 1950s. The golden period of IPTA, from 1952 to 1962, coincided with the golden days of Hazarika's musical career. It was during this period that he composed some of his immortal numbers, including Dola Re Dola, Rongmon Macholoi Gol, Manuhe Manuhor Babe and others. Biswas and Hazarika jointly organized the third Assam conference of IPTA in 1955, when the likes of Balraj Sahni, Salil Chowdhury and Hemanta Mukherjee participated, among others.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/bhupen-hazarika-and-hemango-biswas-the-soulful-music-that-calmed-assam-six-decades-ago/article26163153.ece|title=‘Bhupen Hazarika and Hemango Biswas: The soulful music that calmed Assam six decades ago’}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/167841/assam-riots-bengali-bhupen-hazarika-peace-story/|title=‘Forgotten Tale: How a Troupe of Artists Healed Assam After the 1960 ‘Language Riots’’}}</ref> Some of the famous plays presented by IPTA were '''Sonali Dhanani''', '''Seujia Kuhipaat''', '''Tofaan''', '''Navaprabhat''', '''Sapasalor Seka''' etc. and many shadow plays like '''Poharaloi''', '''Amar Jatra''', '''15 Augustor Ahban''' and '''Tirut Singh'''.

In the 21st century, plays like '''Sadgati''' (Munchi Premchand), '''Dur Deshor Kotha''', '''Kio''' (Phani Sarma), '''Arjun Tolir Dhumuha''' (Deb Kumar Saikia) and [[An Inspector Calls]] in 2019 directed by [[Prodyut Kumar Deka]] were staged in different parts of the State.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.northeasttoday.in/an-inspector-calls-to-be-staged-on-november-27/|title=‘AN INSPECTOR CALLS TO BE STAGED ON NOVEMBER 27’}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://nenow.in/entertainment/assamese-adaptation-of-priestlys-classic-in-guwahati-on-wednesday.html|title=‘Assamese adaptation of Priestly’s classic in Guwahati’}}</ref> The Assam chapter celebrated the birth centenary of its founder secretary Hemango Biswas in 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/north-east/ipta-tribute-to-folk-artiste-hemanga-biswas-s-birth-centenary-celebrations-begin/cid/474724|title=‘IPTA tribute to folk artiste - Hemanga Biswas's birth centenary celebrations begin’}}</ref> On the occasion of platinum jubilee of IPTA, the chapter organized a drama festival on 11–12 March in 2019 at District Library, Guwahati. Two plays '''Laalchurni''' and '''Coffee Housot Apeksha''' (Laxmi Narayan Lal) respectively were staged during the two day event.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/at.asp?id=mar1019/Page3|title=‘IPTA platinum jubilee’}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kothasobi.com/2019/03/ipta-drama-festival-held-guwahati.html|title=‘IPTA Drama Festival Held at Guwahati’}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Star Theatre, Kolkata]]
* [[Dharti Ke Lal]]

==Further reading==
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=BfukTDZTBNMC&pg=PA31&dq=Zohra+Segal&as_brr=0#PPA31,M1 Theatre and Activism in the 1940s]. Essay by [[Zohra Sehgal]] ''Crossing boundaries'', by Geeti Sen. Orient Blackswan, 1998. {{ISBN|81-250-1341-5}}. ''pp 31–39.''

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{JSTOR|40873487}}
{{Bengali Theatre|state=collapsed}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Indian Independence Movement}}
[[Category:Indian independence movement]]
[[Category:Theatre in India]]
[[Category:Theatrical organisations in India]]
[[Category:Culture of Kolkata]]
[[Category:Indian People's Theatre Association people]]
[[Category:Arts organizations established in 1941]]
[[Category:Bengali theatre groups]]