View source for Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom

{{short description|1984 film by Steven Spielberg}}
{{About|the 1984 film directed by Steven Spielberg}}
{{Good article}}
{{Use list-defined references|date=August 2022}}
{{Use American English|date=April 2023}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| name           = Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom
| image          = Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom PosterB.jpg
| caption        = Theatrical release poster by [[Drew Struzan]]
| director       = [[Steven Spielberg]]
| producer       = [[Robert Watts]]
| screenplay     = {{Plainlist|
* [[Willard Huyck]]
* [[Gloria Katz]]
}}
| story          = [[George Lucas]]
| starring       = {{Plainlist|
* [[Harrison Ford]]
* [[Kate Capshaw]]
* [[Amrish Puri]]
* [[Roshan Seth]]
* [[Philip Stone]]
* [[Ke Huy Quan]]
}}
| music          = [[John Williams]]
| cinematography = [[Douglas Slocombe]]
| editing        = [[Michael Kahn (film editor)|Michael Kahn]]
| studio         = [[Lucasfilm Ltd.]]
| distributor    = [[Paramount Pictures]]
| released       = {{Film date|1984|4|23|[[Thousand Oaks, California|Thousand Oaks]]<ref>{{cite news|title=UA Movies 5 and Mann Theatres print ads|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image-view/925796818/|newspaper=Thousand Oaks Star|date=April 23, 1984|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|1984|5|23|United States}}
| runtime        = 118 minutes<!--Submitted theatrical runtime: 118:05--><ref name=bbfc>{{cite web |url=http://bbfc.co.uk/releases/indiana-jones-and-temple-doom-2 |title=''INDIANA JONES AND THE TEMPLE OF DOOM'' (PG) (CUT) |work=[[British Board of Film Classification]] |date=May 31, 1984 |access-date=March 8, 2016 |archive-date=March 9, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309160746/http://bbfc.co.uk/releases/indiana-jones-and-temple-doom-2 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| country        = United States<ref>{{cite web|title=Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom|website=[[AFI Catalog of Feature Films]]|access-date=14 January 2024|url=https://catalog.afi.com/Film/67251-INDIANA-JONESANDTHETEMPLEOFDOOM?sid=3d2ee0b9-687d-4335-be2f-05be84fc99e8&sr=17.09763&cp=1&pos=0}}</ref>
| language       = English<ref name=bbfc/>
| budget         = $28&nbsp;million<ref name=forward/>
| gross          = $333.1&nbsp;million
}}

'''''Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom''''' is a 1984 American [[action-adventure film]] directed by [[Steven Spielberg]] from a script by [[Willard Huyck]] and [[Gloria Katz]], based on a story by [[George Lucas]]. It is the second installment in the [[Indiana Jones|''Indiana Jones'' film series]] and a [[standalone film|standalone]] [[prequel]] to ''[[Raiders of the Lost Ark]]''. The film stars [[Harrison Ford]], who reprises his role as [[Indiana Jones (character)|the titular character]]. [[Kate Capshaw]], [[Amrish Puri]], [[Roshan Seth]], [[Philip Stone]] and [[Ke Huy Quan]], in his film debut, star in supporting roles. Set in 1935, in the film, after arriving in [[British Raj|British India]], Indiana Jones is asked by desperate villagers to find a mystical stone and rescue their children from a [[Thuggee]] cult to all appearances practicing [[child slavery]], [[black magic]] and ritual [[human sacrifice]] in honor of the demon [[Kali (demon)|Kali]].

Not wishing to feature the [[Nazis]] as the villains again, executive producer and story writer George Lucas decided to regard this film as a prequel. Three [[plot device]]s were rejected before Lucas wrote a [[film treatment]] that resembled the final storyline. As [[Lawrence Kasdan]], Lucas's collaborator on ''Raiders of the Lost Ark'', turned down the offer to write the script, [[Willard Huyck]] and [[Gloria Katz]], who had previously worked with Lucas on ''[[American Graffiti]]'' (1973), were hired as his replacements.

''Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom'' was released on May 23, 1984, to financial success, grossing $333.1&nbsp;million worldwide, making it the highest-grossing film of 1984. Initial critical reviews were mixed, with criticism aimed at its strong violence, as well as some of its darker story elements, and controversy over its portrayal of India. Critical opinion has improved since 1984, citing the film's intensity and imagination. In response to some of the more violent sequences in the film, and with similar complaints about the Spielberg-produced ''[[Gremlins]]'' (which released two weeks later), Spielberg suggested that the [[Motion Picture Association of America]] (MPAA) alter its [[Motion Picture Association of America film rating system|rating system]], which it did within two months of the film's release, creating a new [[PG-13 (Motion Picture Association)|PG-13]] rating.<ref name="Parker">{{cite web |last1=Parker |first1=Ryan |date=May 23, 2017 |title=How 'The Temple of Doom' Changed the MPAA Ratings System |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/indiana-jones-temple-doom-changed-mpaa-ratings-system-999618 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180713074049/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/indiana-jones-temple-doom-changed-mpaa-ratings-system-999618 |archive-date=July 13, 2018 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref>{{efn|name=fn1|Contrary to popular belief, ''Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom'' and ''Gremlins'' were both released in the US with a PG (not PG-13) rating,<ref>{{cite web |title=Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (1984) |url=https://filmratings.com/Search?filmTitle=indiana+jones+and+the+temple+of+doom&x=16&y=11 |website=Filmratings.com |publisher=MPAA |access-date=January 27, 2019 |quote=Rating: PG |archive-date=January 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190128082721/https://filmratings.com/Search?filmTitle=indiana+jones+and+the+temple+of+doom&x=16&y=11 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Gremlins (1984) |url=https://filmratings.com/Search?filmTitle=GREMLINS&x=0&y=0 |website=Filmratings.com |publisher=MPAA |access-date=January 27, 2019 |quote=Rating: PG |archive-date=January 27, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190127205822/https://filmratings.com/Search?filmTitle=GREMLINS&x=0&y=0 |url-status=live }}</ref> although controversy surrounding the two films did lead to the subsequent creation of the PG-13 rating. The first film to be issued the new PG-13 rating was ''[[The Flamingo Kid]]'',<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Ratings |url=https://filmratings.com/History |website=Filmratings.com |publisher=MPAA |access-date=January 27, 2019 |archive-date=January 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190128082720/https://filmratings.com/History |url-status=live }}</ref> although ''[[Red Dawn]]'' was the first to be released theatrically under the new rating.<ref name=Parker/>}} ''Temple of Doom'' was nominated for the [[Academy Award for Best Original Score]] and won the [[Academy Award for Best Visual Effects]]. A third film, ''[[Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade]]'', followed in 1989.

==Plot==
<!-- Per WP:FILMPLOT, the plot summary should be 400-700 words. -->
In 1935, American archeologist [[Indiana Jones (character)|Indiana Jones]] survives a murder attempt in [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|China]] from [[Shanghai]] [[Triad (organized crime)|Triad]] crime boss [[List of Indiana Jones characters#Lao Che|Lao Che]], who hired him to retrieve the remains of [[Nurhaci]]. Jones flees from the city accompanied by his young orphan sidekick [[List of Indiana Jones characters#Short Round|Short Round]] and nightclub singer [[List of Indiana Jones characters#Willie Scott|Willie Scott]], unaware that the plane they are traveling on is owned by Lao Che.

The plane's pilots dump the fuel and parachute away, but Jones, Willie and Short Round escape using an inflatable raft before the plane crashes. The trio ride down the slopes of the [[Himalayas]] and fall into a river before arriving at the [[British Raj|Indian]] village of Mayapore.

There, the villagers plead for Jones' aid in retrieving a sacred [[lingam]] stone stolen along with the village's children by evil forces from the nearby Pankot Palace. Jones agrees to do so, hypothesizing that the stone is one of the five [[Adi Shankara|Sankara]] stones given by the [[List of Hindu deities|Hindu gods]] to help humanity fight evil.

Traveling to the palace, the trio are warmly welcomed and allowed to stay for the night as guests, attending a banquet hosted by the palace's young [[maharaja]] Zalim Singh. During the night, Jones is attacked by an assassin, but manages to kill him. He discovers a series of tunnels underneath the palace and explores them with Willie and Short Round.

Finding a temple and a complex of mine tunnels, they observe [[Thuggee]] cultists conducting a [[human sacrifice]]. The cult, which possesses three Sankara stones, is revealed to have brainwashed Singh and abducted the children of Mayapore, using them as slave labor to find the remaining stones.

During Jones' attempt to retrieve the stones, the trio is captured. Thuggee high priest [[List of Indiana Jones characters#Mola Ram|Mola Ram]] forces Jones to drink a potion that places him into a trance-like state, under which he prepares Willie for sacrifice. Short Round is briefly enslaved in the tunnels, but he escapes and interrupts Willie's sacrifice by freeing Jones from his trance, who in turn rescues Willie.

The trio defeat multiple cultists, collect the Sankara stones and free Singh and the children, escaping an attempt by Mola Ram to drown them. When he and his men ambush the trio on a rope bridge, Jones severs it with a sword, causing several cultists to fall into the crocodile-infested river far below. As Jones, Willie, Short Round, and Mola Ram struggle to climb up the broken bridge, Jones invokes the name of [[Shiva]], triggering the stones to burn through his satchel. Two stones fall into the river; Mola Ram catches the third, but it burns his hand and he falls and is devoured by the crocodiles.

Indy catches the stone with no ill effects and climbs up as a regiment of [[British Indian Army]] soldiers arrives, alerted by Singh, to defeat the remaining cultists. Jones, Willie, and Short Round return to Mayapore to hand over the stone, and Jones and Willie embrace as the villagers celebrate its and their children's return.

==Cast==
{{see also|List of Indiana Jones characters}}
* [[Harrison Ford]] as [[Indiana Jones (character)|Indiana Jones]]: An [[archaeology|archaeologist]] adventurer who is asked by a desperate Indian village to retrieve a mysterious stone and rescue the missing village children. Ford undertook a strict physical exercise regimen headed by [[Jake Steinfeld]] to gain a more muscular tone for the part.<ref name="Baxter">{{cite book |title=Mythmaker: The Life and Work of George Lucas |first=John |last=Baxter |publisher=[[Avon (publishers)|Avon Books]] |year=1999 |isbn=0-380-97833-4 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/mythmakerlifewor00baxt/page/332 332–341] |chapter=Snake Surprise |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/mythmakerlifewor00baxt |url=https://archive.org/details/mythmakerlifewor00baxt/page/332 }}</ref>
* [[Kate Capshaw]] as [[List of characters in the Indiana Jones series#Willie Scott|Wilhelmina "Willie" Scott]]: An American [[nightclub]] singer working in Shanghai. In a nod to the ''[[Star Wars]]'' franchise, the nightclub is called Club [[Obi-Wan Kenobi|Obi-Wan]]. Willie is unprepared for her adventure with Indy and Short Round, and appears to be a [[damsel in distress]]. She also forms a romantic relationship with Indy. Over 120 actresses auditioned for the role, including [[Sharon Stone]].<ref name=forward/><ref name=almost>{{cite web |url=http://www.empireonline.com/indy/day1/2.asp |title=The People Who Were Almost Cast |work=[[Empire (magazine)|Empire]] |access-date=August 26, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080828111945/http://www.empireonline.com/indy/day1/2.asp |archive-date=August 28, 2008}}</ref> To prepare for the role, Capshaw watched ''[[The African Queen (film)|The African Queen]]'' (1951) and ''[[A Guy Named Joe]]'' (1943). Spielberg wanted Willie to be a complete contrast to [[Marion Ravenwood]] from ''[[Raiders of the Lost Ark]]'', so Capshaw dyed her brown hair blonde for the part. Costume designer [[Anthony Powell (designer)|Anthony Powell]] wanted the character to have red hair.<ref name=complete/>
* [[Ke Huy Quan]] as [[List of characters in the Indiana Jones series#Short Round|Short Round]]: Indy's young Chinese sidekick, who drives the 1936 Auburn Boat Tail [[Auburn Speedster|Speedster]] that allows Indy to escape during the opening sequence. Quan was chosen as part of a [[Casting (performing arts)|casting call]] in Los Angeles.<ref name=complete/> Around 6,000 actors auditioned worldwide for the part, including [[Peter Shinkoda]];<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cbc.ca/shortdocs/shorts/short-round-up |title=Short Round up &#124; Short Docs |access-date=September 28, 2021 |archive-date=September 28, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928194150/https://www.cbc.ca/shortdocs/shorts/short-round-up |url-status=live }}</ref> Quan was cast after his brother auditioned for the role. Spielberg liked his personality, so he and Ford improvised the scene where Short Round accuses Indy of cheating during a card game.<ref name=almost/>
* [[Amrish Puri]] as [[List of characters in the Indiana Jones series#Mola Ram|Mola Ram]]: A [[Thuggee]] priest who performs rites of [[human sacrifice]]s. The character is named after [[Mola Ram|an 18th-century Indian painter]].{{citation needed|date=June 2023}} Lucas wanted Mola Ram to be terrifying, so the screenwriters added elements of [[Aztecs|Aztec]] and Hawaiian human sacrificers and European [[Theistic Satanism|devil worship]] to the character.<ref name=newname/> To create his headdress, make-up artist [[Tom Smith (make-up artist)|Tom Smith]] based the skull on a cow (as this would be [[sacrilegious]]), and used a latex [[shrunken head]].<ref name=newfaces>{{cite web |title=Scouting for Locations and New Faces |publisher=TheRaider.net |url=http://www.theraider.net/films/todoom/making_2_newfaces.php |access-date=April 23, 2008 |archive-date=March 24, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080324035113/http://www.theraider.net/films/todoom/making_2_newfaces.php |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Roshan Seth]] as Chattar Lal: The Prime Minister of the Maharaja of Pankot. Chattar, also a Thuggee worshipper, is enchanted by Indy, Willie, and Short Round's arrival, but is offended by Indy's questioning of the palace's history and the archaeologist's own dubious past.
* [[Philip Stone]] as Captain Philip Blumburtt: A [[British Indian Army]] officer on a routine inspection tour of Pankot Palace and the surrounding area. He assists Indiana by fighting off Thuggee cultists at the bridge with his regiment, the 11th Poona Rifles.

Additionally, [[Roy Chiao]] portrays [[List of characters in the Indiana Jones series#Lao Che|Lao Che]], a Shanghai [[crime boss]] who, with his sons Chen (Chua Kah Joo) and Kao Kan ([[Ric Young]]), hires Indy to recover the cremated ashes of one of his ancestors. [[David Yip]] (in his film debut) portrays Wu Han, a friend of Indy, who is killed in Club Obi Wan. Raj Singh portrays Zalim Singh, the adolescent Maharajá of Pankot (his voice is dubbed by [[Katie Leigh]]<ref name="Katie Leigh">{{cite web|title=Katie Leigh - Female Voice Talent|url=https://www.linkedin.com/in/katieleighvo|publisher=LinkedIn|access-date=February 8, 2025}}</ref><ref name="ADR">{{cite web|title=I'm Katie Leigh and I was the ADR voice for the Young Maharajah in Temple of Doom! Who would have thought that over 30 years later, people still recognize my voice from something like that! It's been an incredible journey as a voice actress, and being able to bring characters to life has always been the ultimate dream come true for me. (January 21, 2016)|url=https://www.facebook.com/reel/261013169850744|publisher=Facebook|access-date=February 8, 2025}}</ref>), and [[D. R. Nanayakkara]] portrays the village Shaman, the leader of a small village that recruits Indy to retrieve their stolen sacred Shiva lingam stone. [[Denawaka Hamine]] and [[Iranganie Serasinghe]] play two of the village women.

Professional wrestler [[Pat Roach]] plays the Thuggee overseer in the mines whom Indy has a large brawl with; Roach had previously appeared as a German mechanic and a Giant Sherpa who brawls with Indy in ''Raiders of the Lost Ark''. [[Dan Aykroyd]] appears briefly and with a British accent as Earl Weber, who arranges air transport out of Shanghai for Jones, Willie, and Short Round and meets them at the airport.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/indiana-jones-7-memorable-cameos-876870/short-round-in-temple-of-doom-jonathan-ke-quan/ | title='Indiana Jones': 7 Memorable Cameos and Appearances | website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] | date=March 19, 2016 | access-date=November 18, 2022 | archive-date=November 18, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221118213330/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/indiana-jones-7-memorable-cameos-876870/short-round-in-temple-of-doom-jonathan-ke-quan/ | url-status=live }}</ref> [[Steven Spielberg]], [[George Lucas]], [[Frank Marshall (filmmaker)|Frank Marshall]], and [[Kathleen Kennedy (producer)|Kathleen Kennedy]] have cameos at the airport.<ref name=Baxter/>

==Production==

===Development===
Spielberg later recalled that when Lucas first approached him for ''Raiders of the Lost Ark'', "George said if I directed the first one then I would have to direct a trilogy. He had three stories in mind. It turned out George did *not* have three stories in mind, and we had to make up subsequent stories."<ref name=making>Indiana Jones: Making the Trilogy, 2003, [[Paramount Pictures]]</ref> Both men later attributed the film's tone, which was darker than ''Raiders of the Lost Ark'', to their personal moods following the breakups of their relationships.<ref name=Empire/> In addition, Lucas felt "it had to have been a dark film. The way ''[[The Empire Strikes Back|Empire Strikes Back]]'' was the dark second act of the [[Star Wars original trilogy|''Star Wars'' trilogy]]."<ref name=complete/> Spielberg had said "The danger in making a sequel is that you can never satisfy everyone. If you give people the same movie with different scenes, they say 'why weren't you more original?'" "But if you give them the same character in another fantastic adventure, but with a different tone, you risk disappointing the other half of the audience who just wanted a carbon copy of the first film with a different girl and a different bad guy. So you win and you lose both ways."<ref name=newname/>

Lucas set the film a year earlier than the first to avoid re-using the Nazis as the villains.<ref name=Empire>{{cite news |title=''Temple of Doom'': An Oral History |work=[[Empire (magazine)|Empire]] |date=May 1, 2008 |url=http://www.empireonline.com/indy/day10/ |access-date=May 1, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080808115736/http://www.empireonline.com/indy/day10/ |archive-date=August 8, 2008 }}</ref> Spielberg originally wanted to bring [[Marion Ravenwood]] back,<ref name=making/> with [[Abner Ravenwood]] considered as a possible character.<ref name=complete>{{cite book |last1=Rinzler |first1=J. W. |author-link=J. W. Rinzler |last2=Bouzereau |first2=Laurent |author2-link=Laurent Bouzereau |year=2008 |title=The Complete Making of Indiana Jones |publisher=[[Random House]] |pages=129–141 |chapter=Temple of Death: (June 1981&nbsp;– April 1983) |isbn=978-0-09-192661-8}}</ref> In developing the story, Lucas conceived of an opening chase scene with [[Indiana Jones (character)|Indiana Jones]] on a motorcycle on the [[Great Wall of China]], followed by the discovery of a "''[[Lost World (genre)|Lost World]]'' pastiche with a hidden valley inhabited by dinosaurs".<ref name="Baxter" /> Another idea was to feature the [[Monkey King]] as the [[plot device]].<ref name=Empire/> However, Chinese authorities refused permission for them to film in the country, requiring a different setting.<ref name="Baxter" /> Lucas wrote a [[film treatment]] that included a haunted castle in Scotland, but Spielberg felt it was too similar to ''[[Poltergeist (1982 film)|Poltergeist]]'' (1982); so the setting transformed into a [[demon]]ic temple in India.<ref name=complete/>

Lucas came up with ideas that involved a [[Cult (religious practice)|religious cult]] devoted to [[child slavery]], [[black magic]], and ritual [[human sacrifice]]. [[Lawrence Kasdan]] of ''Raiders of the Lost Ark'' was asked to write the script. "I didn't want to be associated with ''Temple of Doom''," he reflected. "I just thought it was horrible. It's so mean. There's nothing pleasant about it. I think ''Temple of Doom'' represents a chaotic period in both their [Lucas's and Spielberg's] lives, and the movie is very ugly and mean-spirited."<ref name=Baxter/> Lucas hired [[Willard Huyck]] and [[Gloria Katz]] to write the script because of their knowledge of [[Culture of India|Indian culture]].<ref name=making/> ''[[Gunga Din (film)|Gunga Din]]'' (1939) served as an influence for the film.<ref name=complete/>

Huyck and Katz spent four days at [[Skywalker Ranch]] for story discussions with Lucas and Spielberg in early 1982.<ref name=complete/> They later said the early plot consisted of two notions of Lucas's: that Indy would recover something stolen from a village and decide whether to give it back, and that the picture would start in China and work its way to India. Huyck says Lucas was very single-minded about getting through meetings, while "Steve would always stop and think about visual stuff."<ref name="people">[http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20088478,00.html "Gloria Katz and Willard Huyck's Best Defense Against Critics Is Their Screenwriting Track Record" By Donald G. McNeil Jr. August 20, 1984 ''People Magazine''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110110065556/http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20088478,00.html |date=January 10, 2011 }} accessed April 22, 2015</ref>

Lucas's initial idea for Indiana's [[sidekick]] was a virginal young princess, but Huyck, Katz, and Spielberg disliked the idea.<ref name=newname>{{cite web |title=Adventure's New Name |publisher=TheRaider.net |url=http://www.theraider.net/films/todoom/making_1_newideas.php |access-date=April 23, 2008 |archive-date=May 5, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080505195315/http://www.theraider.net/films/todoom/making_1_newideas.php |url-status=live }}</ref> Just as Indiana Jones was named after Lucas's [[Alaskan Malamute]], the character of Willie was named after Spielberg's [[American Cocker Spaniel|Cocker Spaniel]], and Short Round was named after Huyck's dog, whose name was derived from ''[[The Steel Helmet]]'' (1951).<ref name=complete/>

Lucas handed Huyck and Katz a 20-page treatment in May 1982 titled ''Indiana Jones and the Temple of Death'' to adapt into a screenplay.<ref name=complete/> Scenes such as the fight scene in Shanghai, the escape from the airplane, and the mine cart chase came from earlier scripts of ''Raiders of the Lost Ark''.<ref name=faber/><ref name="aint">[http://www.aintitcool.com/node/67450 "FORTUNE AND GLORY: Writers of Doom! Quint interviews Willard Huyck and Gloria Katz!" ''Ain't It Cool New'' 23 May 2014] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150908000443/http://www.aintitcool.com/node/67450 |date=September 8, 2015 }} accessed April 23, 2015</ref> In ''Raiders,'' the headpiece for the Staff of Ra was originally conceived to be in two pieces, with the first piece in the museum of General Hok, a Japanese-allied Chinese warlord in Shanghai. Jones was planned to steal that piece, and then use a giant gong as a shield as General Hok fired a submachine gun at him during his escape, much like the final moments in Club Obi-Wan. Kasdan said that was too expensive to produce for the earlier movie. After that, Jones was to fly to [[Nepal]] to find Marion and the second piece. In flight, he fell asleep and all of the other passengers on the plane bailed out and parachuted to safety, leaving him to escape alone using an inflatable raft to slide down a [[Himalayas|Himalayan]] slope to Marion's bar. Kasdan said this was cut because it interrupted the story flow and was "too unbelievable,"<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Burns |first=James H. |date=September 1981 |title=Starlog Interview: Lawrence Kasdan Part 1 |url=https://archive.org/details/starlog_magazine-050/page/n33/mode/1up?view=theater |journal=Starlog |pages=34}}</ref> a complaint leveled by some critics at the finished scene.

Lucas, Huyck, and Katz had been developing ''[[Radioland Murders]]'' (1994) since the early 1970s. The opening music was taken from that script and applied to ''Temple of Doom''.<ref name=faber/> Spielberg reflected, "George's idea was to start the movie with a musical number. He wanted to do a [[Busby Berkeley]] dance number. At all our story meetings he would say, 'Hey, Steven, you always said you wanted to shoot musicals.' I thought, 'Yeah, that could be fun.{{'"}}<ref name=complete/>

Lucas, Spielberg, Katz, and Huyck were concerned how to keep the audience interest while explaining the Thuggee cult. Huyck and Katz proposed a tiger hunt but Spielberg stated, "There's no way I'm going to stay in India long enough to shoot a tiger hunt." They eventually decided on a dinner scene involving eating bugs (which were made of rubber and filled with custard), [[monkey brains]] (raspberry flavored custard), and the like. "Steve and George both still react like children, so their idea was to make it as gross as possible," says Katz.<ref name="people"/>

Lucas sent Huyck and Katz a 500-page transcript of their taped conversations to help them with the script.<ref name="people"/> The first draft was written in six weeks, in early August 1982. "Steve was coming off an enormously successful movie [''[[E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial|E.T.]]''] and George didn't want to lose him," said Katz. "He desperately wanted him to direct (''Temple of Doom''). We were under a lot of pressure to do it really, really fast so we could hold on to Steve."<ref name="aint"/>

A second draft was finished by September. Captain Blumburtt, Chattar Lal, and the boy [[Maharaja]] originally had more crucial roles. A dogfight scene was deleted, as were scenes where those who drank the [[Kali]] blood turned into [[zombie]]s with physical [[superhuman]] abilities. During [[pre-production]], the ''Temple of Death'' title was replaced with ''Temple of Doom''. From March to April 1983, Huyck and Katz simultaneously performed rewrites for a final [[shooting script]].<ref name=complete/> One scene that made it into the script, but was dropped during filming, was about a snake coiling around Willie. As Capshaw has a [[Ophidiophobia|fear of snakes]], Spielberg noticed how difficult it was for her to film the scene, and decided to skip it.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www-slashfilm-com.translate.goog/1368331/indiana-jones-deleted-scene-kate-capshaw-panic-attack/?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=no&_x_tr_hl=no&_x_tr_pto=sc&_x_tr_hist=true|title=The Scrapped Indiana Jones Scene That Had Kate Capshaw In A Full Blown Panic Attack|first=Jeremy|last=Smith|date=August 27, 2023|website=SlashFilm}}</ref>

Huyck and Katz later said Harrison Ford took many of the [[One-line joke|one liners]] originally given to Short Round.<ref name="aint"/>

===Casting===
[[File:Amrish Puri.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Amrish Puri]] had been working on 18 films in India upon being cast as the villain Mola Ram. Spielberg later remarked "Amrish is my favorite villain. The best the world has ever produced and ever will."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-steven-spielberg-once-called-bollywood-legend-amrish-puri-world-s-best-villain-indiana-jones-harrison-ford-3048693 | title=Steven Spielberg once called this Bollywood legend 'world's best villain' even after he refused to audition for him }}</ref>]]
Harrison Ford reprised his role of Indiana Jones from ''[[Raiders of the Lost Ark]]''. For the role of Willie Scott, more than 100 actresses auditioned. Among the totally unknown actresses auditioning for the role was [[Sharon Stone]]. Finally, Spielberg chose Kate Capshaw after viewing her videotaped test and showing it to Ford.<ref name=forward/> For the role of Short Round, casting director Mike Fenton arranged open calls for East Asian boys to come in to audition in several major cities, including New York, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Hawaii, Toronto, Chicago, Montreal, Hong Kong, and London. Originally, [[Ke Huy Quan]]'s younger brother went to audition for the role while Quan tagged along. The producers had noticed that Quan was giving his brother directions behind the camera during the audition, so the casting director had asked Quan to give it a shot, and was cast a few days later.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://movieweb.com/short-round-actor-recalls-his-strange-indiana-jones-and-the-temple-of-doom-audition/ | title=Ke Huy Quan Recalls Landing Short Round Role in Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom | date=April 2022 }}</ref>

For the various Indian characters in the film, the villagers were played by [[Sri Lanka]]n actors and actresses, while the characters in Pankot Palace were primarily played by Indian actors. For the role of Mola Ram, the arch-villain, they searched through England and the United States to find someone to play the part, as both Lucas and Spielberg were most anxious that they did not cast the principal Indian roles with Western actors darkened down. They couldn't find anybody amongst the resident Indian actors in the United States, and so they got a permit for Amrish Puri, who was working on 18 films in India simultaneously at the time of his casting. Puri had met with Spielberg and initially declined the role, but was convinced after speaking with [[Richard Attenborough]], whom Puri had worked with on a small part in ''[[Gandhi (film)|Gandhi]]'' (1982).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Puri |first1=Amrish |title=The Act of Life of Amrish Puri: An Autobiography |date=June 18, 2013 |publisher=Stellar Publishers |page=245 |edition=1st}}</ref> Roshan Seth, who played prime minister Chattar Lal, also appeared in ''Gandhi'' alongside Puri.

===Filming===
[[File:Steven Spielberg with Chandran Rutnam in Sri Lanka.jpg|thumb|upright|left|[[Steven Spielberg]] and Production Supervisor [[Chandran Rutnam]] on location in [[Kandy]], [[Sri Lanka]], during the filming of ''Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom'']]

The filmmakers were denied permission to film in [[North India]] and [[Amer Fort]], due to the government finding the script offensive.<ref name=Baxter/><ref name=making/><ref name=faber/> Producer [[Frank Marshall (filmmaker)|Frank Marshall]] explained that "originally the scenes were going to be shot in India at a fantastic palace. They required us to give them a script, so we sent it over and we didn't think it was going to be a problem. But because of the voodoo element with Mola Ram and the Thuggees, the Indian government was a little bit hesitant to give us permission. They wanted us to do things like not use the term Maharajah, and they didn't want us to shoot in a particular temple that we had picked. The Indian government wanted changes to the script and [[final cut privilege]]."<ref name=Baxter/><ref name=making/><ref name=faber/><ref name=complete/>

As a result, location work went to [[Kandy]], [[Sri Lanka]], with [[matte painting]]s and [[scale model]]s applied for the village, temple, and Pankot Palace. Budgetary inflation also caused ''Temple of Doom'' to cost $28.17&nbsp;million, $8&nbsp;million more than ''Raiders of the Lost Ark''.<ref name="faber" /> [[Principal photography|Filming]] began on April 18, 1983, in Kandy,<ref name="doom">Rinzler, Bouzereau, Chapter 6: "Doomruners (April—August 1983), p. 142—167</ref> and moved to [[Elstree Studios (Shenley Road)|Elstree Studios]] in [[Hertfordshire]], England on May 5. Marshall recalled, "when filming the bug scenes, crew members would go home and find bugs in their hair, clothes and shoes."<ref name="doom" /> Eight out of the nine [[sound stage]]s at Elstree housed the filming of ''Temple of Doom''. Lucas [[list of biographers|biographer]] Marcus Hearn observed, "[[Douglas Slocombe]]'s skillful lighting helped disguise the fact that about 80 percent of the film was shot with sound stages."<ref name="Hearn">{{cite book |first=Marcus |last=Hearn |title=The Cinema of George Lucas |url=https://archive.org/details/cinemageorgeluca00hear |url-access=limited |publisher=[[Harry N. Abrams, Inc.|Harry N. Abrams Inc]] |year=2005 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/cinemageorgeluca00hear/page/n134 144]–147 |isbn=0-8109-4968-7 }}</ref>
[[File:Harrison Ford and Chandran Rutnam in Sri Lanka.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Harrison Ford]] with Rutnam on the set of ''Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom'' in Sri Lanka in 1983]]
[[Danny Daniels]] choreographed the opening music number "[[Anything Goes (Cole Porter song)|Anything Goes]]". Capshaw learned to sing in [[Standard Chinese|Mandarin]] and took [[tap dance]] lessons. However the dress was fitted so tightly that Capshaw was not able to dance in it. Made by [[Barbara Matera (costume designer)|Barbara Matera]] out of original 1920s and 1930s beads, the dress was one of a kind. The opening dance number was actually the last scene to be shot, but the dress did feature in some earlier location shots in Sri Lanka, drying on a nearby tree. Unfortunately an elephant had started to eat it, tearing the whole back of the dress. Consequently, some emergency repair work had to be done by Matera with what remained of the original beads, and it was [[costume design]]er [[Anthony Powell (designer)|Anthony Powell]] who had to fill in the insurance forms. As to the reason for damage, he had no option but to put "dress eaten by elephant".<ref name=making/>

In a 2003 documentary on the making of the film (first released when the original trilogy made its debut on DVD), costume designer Anthony Powell stated that only one evening dress was made for Capshaw due to the limited amount of original 1920s and 1930s beads and sequins (story above). However, there have been more than one of Capshaw's evening dresses on display at the same time in different countries during exhibitions – from late 2014, a dress was on display at the Hollywood Costume exhibition in Los Angeles (exhibition ran from October 2, 2014 – March 2, 2015). At the very same time, the traveling "Indiana Jones: Adventure of Archaeology" exhibition was on display in Edmonton in Canada (October 11, 2014 – April 6, 2015) and there featured another of the red and gold dresses.{{original research inline|date=December 2022}}

Production designer [[Norman Reynolds]] could not return for ''Temple of Doom'' because of his commitment to ''[[Return to Oz]]'' (1985). [[Elliot Scott]], Reynolds' mentor, was hired. To build the [[rope bridge]] the filmmakers found a group of British engineers from [[Balfour Beatty]] working on the nearby [[Victoria Dam (Sri Lanka)|Victoria Dam]].<ref name=complete/> Harrison Ford suffered a severe [[spinal disc herniation]] by performing a somersault while filming the scene with the assassin in Jones's bedroom. A hospital bed was brought on set for Ford to rest between [[Take#Film|takes]]. Lucas stated, "He could barely stand up, yet he was there every day so shooting would not stop. He was in incomprehensible pain, but he was still trying to make it happen."<ref name=Baxter/> With no alternatives, Lucas shut down production while Ford was flown to [[Centinela Freeman Regional Medical Center, Centinela Campus|Centinela Hospital]] on June 21 for recovery.<ref name=doom/> [[Stunt double]] [[Vic Armstrong]] spent five weeks as a [[stand-in]] for various shots. Wendy Leech, Armstrong's wife, served as Capshaw's stunt double.<ref>The Stunts of Indiana Jones, 2003, [[Paramount Pictures]]</ref>

[[Macau]], then a [[Portuguese Macau|Portuguese colony]], was substituted for Shanghai,<ref name=faber/> while cinematographer Douglas Slocombe caught fever from June 24 to July 7 and could not work. Ford returned on August 8. Despite the problems during filming, Spielberg was able to complete ''Temple of Doom'' on schedule and on budget, finishing principal photography on August 26.<ref name=doom/> Various [[pick-up (filmmaking)|pickups]] took place afterwards. This included [[Mammoth Mountain]], [[Tuolumne River]], [[American River]], [[Yosemite National Park]], [[San Joaquin Valley]], [[Hamilton Air Force Base]] (all located in California), [[Snake River Canyon (Idaho)|Snake River Canyon]] in [[Idaho]], and [[Arizona]].<ref name=forward>Rinzler, Bouzereau, Chapter 8: "Forward on All Fronts (August 1983&nbsp;– June 1984)", p. 168—183</ref> Producer Marshall directed a [[second unit]] in [[Florida]] in January 1984, using [[alligator]]s to double as [[crocodile]]s.<ref name=forward/><ref name=Empire/> The mine chase was a combination of a [[roller coaster]] and scale models with dolls [[body double|doubling]] for the actors.<ref name=faber>{{cite book |first=Joseph |last=McBride |author-link=Joseph McBride (writer) |title=Steven Spielberg: A Biography |publisher=[[Faber and Faber]] |year=1997 |location=New York City |pages=323–358 |isbn=0-571-19177-0 |chapter=Ecstasy and Grief}}</ref> Minor [[stop-motion]] was also used for the sequence. [[Visual effects supervisor]]s [[Dennis Muren]], [[Joe Johnston]] and a crew at [[Industrial Light & Magic]] provided the [[visual effects]] work,<ref>The Light and Magic of Indiana Jones, 2003, [[Paramount Pictures]]</ref> while [[Skywalker Sound]], headed by [[Ben Burtt]], commissioned the [[sound design]]. Burtt recorded roller coasters at [[Disneyland Park (Anaheim)|Disneyland Park]] in [[Anaheim, California|Anaheim]] for the mine cart scene.<ref>The Sound of Indiana Jones, 2003, [[Paramount Pictures]]</ref> Marshall recalled that filming the bugs was difficult, more so than the snakes in ''Raiders of the Lost Ark'': "The bugs were much harder to work with than the snakes. You can arrange a pile of snakes. That's impossible with bugs. People were also much more scared of the insects. Every once in a while you'd hear this shriek when the bugs found their way on to the tap-dance rehearsal stage - a bad place for any bug to be."<ref name=EmpireMaking>{{Cite web |last=Green |first=Willow |url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/indiana-jones-making-temple-doom/ |title=The Making of Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom |website=Empire |date=October 9, 2012 |access-date=April 8, 2020 |archive-date=September 4, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904050535/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/indiana-jones-making-temple-doom/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Ke Huy Quan recalled that while filming a scary sequence, he started crying until Ford calmed him down, saying "I will never hurt you!".<ref>{{cite magazine | url=https://ew.com/ke-huy-quan-remembers-harrison-ford-consoling-indiana-jones-action-scene-8787353 | title=Ke Huy Quan recalls Harrison Ford consoling him on 'Indiana Jones' set: 'I was so scared' | magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] }}</ref>

===Editing===
"After I showed the film to George [Lucas], at an hour and 55 minutes, we looked at each other," Spielberg remembered. "The first thing that we said was, 'Too fast'. We needed to decelerate the action. I did a few more [[Matte painting|matte]] shots to slow it down. We made it a little bit slower, by putting breathing room back in so there'd be a two-hour oxygen supply for the audience."<ref name=forward/>

==Soundtrack==
{{Further|Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (soundtrack)}}

==Release==

===Box office===
''Temple of Doom'' was released on May 23, 1984, in the United States, accumulating a record-breaking $45.7&nbsp;million in its first week.<ref name=Hearn/> The film went on to gross $333.1&nbsp;million worldwide, with $180&nbsp;million in North America and $153.1&nbsp;million in other markets.<ref name=box>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=indianajonesandthetempleofdoom.htm |title=Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=August 24, 2008 |archive-date=June 26, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120626041223/http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=indianajonesandthetempleofdoom.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> The film had the highest opening weekend of 1984, and was that year's highest-grossing film (third in North America, behind ''[[Beverly Hills Cop]]'' and ''[[Ghostbusters]]'').<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/yearly/chart/?yr=1984&p=.htm |title=1984 Domestic Grosses |work=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=August 24, 2008 |archive-date=November 3, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103115555/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/yearly/chart/?yr=1984&p=.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> It was also the tenth highest-grossing film of all time during its release.<ref name=box/> It sold an estimated 53,532,800 tickets in the United States.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=indianajonesandthetempleofdoom.htm&adjust_yr=1&p=.htm |title=Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom |work=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=May 30, 2016 |archive-date=August 4, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160804115924/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=indianajonesandthetempleofdoom.htm&adjust_yr=1&p=.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Promotion===
[[Marvel Comics]] published a comic book adaptation of the film by writer [[David Michelinie]] and artists [[Jackson Guice]], [[Ian Akin]], [[Brian Garvey (comics)|Brian Garvey]], and [[Bob Camp]]. It was published as ''[[Marvel Comics Super Special|Marvel Super Special]]'' No. 30<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.comics.org/issue/38131/ |title=GCD :: Issue :: Marvel Super Special #30 |work=comics.org |access-date=December 22, 2016 |archive-date=January 6, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170106224907/http://www.comics.org/issue/38131/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and as a three-issue [[Limited series (comics)|limited series]].<ref>[http://www.comics.org/series/2874/ ''Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom ''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120626175646/http://www.comics.org/series/2874/ |date=June 26, 2012 }} at the Grand Comics Database</ref>

[[LucasArts]] and [[Atari Games]] promoted the film by releasing an [[arcade game]]. [[Hasbro]] released a toy line based on the film in September 2008.<ref>{{cite news |first=Edward |last=Douglas |title=Hasbro Previews ''G.I. Joe'', ''Hulk'', ''Iron Man'', ''Indy'' & ''Clone Wars'' |work=[[SuperHeroHype]] |date=February 17, 2008 |url=http://www.superherohype.com/news/topnews.php?id=6807 |access-date=February 17, 2008 |archive-date=February 18, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080218050323/http://www.superherohype.com/news/topnews.php?id=6807 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Home media===
The video was released at Christmas 1986 with a retail price of $29.95 and sold a record 1.4&nbsp;million units.<ref name=Takeoff>{{cite magazine|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|title='Top Gun' Cassettes In Record Takeoff: 1,900,000 Units|page=1|last=Bierbaum|first=Tom|date=March 4, 1987}}</ref> A DVD version of the film was released in 2003 together with the two other films in the then Indiana Jones trilogy series.<ref>{{cite web|title=Indiana Jones 'raids DVD record' |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3229887.stm |publisher=[[BBC News Online]] |date=October 31, 2003 |access-date=August 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819130535/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3229887.stm |archive-date=August 19, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> A Blu-ray version for the film was released in 2012 as part of a box set for the series, which had four films at the time.<ref>{{cite web|title=Indiana Jones: How to enjoy the film as an adult |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-19704700 |publisher=[[BBC News Online#Magazine|BBC News Magazine, Washington]] |date=October 4, 2012 |access-date=May 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701203413/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-19704700 |archive-date=July 1, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2021, a remastered 4K version of the film was released on [[Ultra HD Blu-ray]], produced using scans of the original film negatives. It was released as part of a box set for the then four films in the ''Indiana Jones'' film series.<ref>{{cite web|title=Indiana Jones Box Set 4K UHD Blu-Ray Preorders Down to $79.99 |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/indiana-jones-box-set-4k-uhd-blu-ray-is-up-for-preorder |website=[[IGN]] |date=March 16, 2021 |access-date=May 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210319012737/https://www.ign.com/articles/indiana-jones-box-set-4k-uhd-blu-ray-is-up-for-preorder |archive-date=March 19, 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Television ===
In Japan, the film was aired on [[Nippon TV]] (NTV), on October 16, 1987. It became NTV's most-watched film up until then with a 26.9% [[Audience measurement|audience rating]], surpassing the 25.3% record previously set by ''[[First Blood]]'' (1982) in 1985. In turn, ''Temple of Doom'' was later surpassed by ''[[Tsuribaka Nisshi 4]]'' (1991) in 1994, but remained NTV's most-watched foreign film up until [[Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (film)|''Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone'']] (2001) in 2004.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hamano |first1=Keiji |url=https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/read/18620778/the-japanese-market-for-uk-films-bfi |title=The Japanese Market for UK Films |last2=Kitae |first2=Hiroyuki |last3=Udagawa |first3=Shoji |last4=Watanabe |first4=Yasuko |last5=Uchiyama |first5=Takashi |date=November 2007 |publisher=Cinema Alliance Limited, [[UK Film Council]], [[British Film Institute]] |pages=58–9 |access-date=April 22, 2022 |via=[[Yumpu]] |archive-date=September 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923134131/https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/read/18620778/the-japanese-market-for-uk-films-bfi |url-status=live }}</ref>

In the United Kingdom, the film's 2005 airing was watched by {{Nowrap|5 million}} viewers on [[BBC1]], becoming the channel's ninth most-watched film during the first half of 2005.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=September 2005 |title=4. Film on UK Television in the First Half of 2005 |url=https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/read/18620776/research-and-statistics-bulletin-september-2005-bfi |journal=Research and Statistics Bulletin |publisher=[[British Film Institute]], [[UK Film Council]] |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=20–34 (24–5) |access-date=April 21, 2022 |via=[[Yumpu]] |archive-date=January 15, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115154720/https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/read/18620776/research-and-statistics-bulletin-september-2005-bfi |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Reception==

===Critical response===
''Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom'' received mixed reviews upon its release,<ref name=Baxter/> but over the years, the film's critical reception has improved. On [[Rotten Tomatoes]], the film has an approval rating of {{RT data|score}} based on {{RT data|count}} reviews, with an average rating of {{RT data|average}}. The site's critical consensus reads, "It may be too 'dark' for some, but ''Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom'' remains an ingenious adventure spectacle that showcases one of Hollywood's finest filmmaking teams in vintage form."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/indiana_jones_and_the_temple_of_doom|title=Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom|website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|publisher=[[Fandango Media|Fandango]]|access-date={{RT data|access date}}|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150629063500/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/indiana_jones_and_the_temple_of_doom/|archive-date=June 29, 2015|url-status=live}}{{RT data|edit}}</ref> On [[Metacritic]] the film has a weighted average score of 57 out of 100, based on 14 critics, indicating "mixed or average" reviews.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.metacritic.com/movie/indiana-jones-and-the-temple-of-doom |title=Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom |work=metacritic.com |access-date=December 22, 2016 |archive-date=June 9, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180609095428/http://www.metacritic.com/movie/indiana-jones-and-the-temple-of-doom |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[Roger Ebert]] gave the film a perfect four-star rating, calling it "one of the greatest Bruised Forearm Movies ever made. You know what a Bruised Forearm Movie is. That's the kind of movie where your date is always grabbing your forearm in a viselike grip, as unbearable excitement unfolds on the screen...''Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom'' makes no apologies for being exactly what it is: Exhilarating, manic, wildly imaginative escapism ... This is the most cheerfully exciting, bizarre, goofy, romantic adventure movie since ''Raiders,'' and it is high praise to say that it's not so much a sequel as an equal... You stagger out with a silly grin."<ref>{{cite news |date=May 23, 1984 |first=Roger |last=Ebert |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/indiana-jones-and-the-temple-of-doom-1984 |work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |title=Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom |access-date=August 24, 2021 |archive-date=July 8, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080708140033/http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F19840101%2FREVIEWS%2F401010348%2F1023 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Vincent Canby]] felt the film was "too shapeless to be the fun that ''Raiders'' is, but shape may be beside the point. Old-time, 15-part [[Serial film|movie serials]] didn't have shape. They just went on and on and on, which is what ''Temple of Doom'' does with humor and technical invention."<ref>{{cite news |last=Canby |first=Vincent |author-link=Vincent Canby |title=Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom |url=https://movies.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9D06E5DF173BF930A15756C0A962948260 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=March 23, 1983 |access-date=September 1, 2013 |archive-date=June 23, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120623101025/http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9D06E5DF173BF930A15756C0A962948260 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Neal Gabler]] commented that "I think in some ways, ''Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom'' was better than ''[[Raiders of the Lost Ark]]''. In some ways it was less. In sum total, I'd have to say I enjoyed it more. That doesn't mean it's better necessarily, but I got more enjoyment out of it."<ref>{{cite news |first=Dan |last=Hagen |date=January 1988 |title=Neal Gabler |work=[[Comics Interview]] |issue=54 |pages=61–63 |publisher=[[Fictioneer Books]]}}</ref>

John Nubbin reviewed ''Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom'' for ''[[Different Worlds]]'' magazine and stated that "Spielberg, for better or worse, has gone past the parameters of the first film, doing more with the period he is recreating and the type of film and story he is honoring."<ref name="dw35">{{cite journal | last = Nubbin |first = John | title = Film Reviews | journal = [[Different Worlds]] | issue = 35 | pages =44–45 |date=July–August 1984}}</ref>

Colin Covert of the ''[[Star Tribune]]'' called the film "sillier, darkly violent and a bit dumbed down, but still great fun."<ref>{{cite news |last=Covert |first=Colin |title=Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom |url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/mobile/m/indiana_jones_and_the_temple_of_doom/ |work=[[Star Tribune]] |date=May 21, 2008 |access-date=September 1, 2013 |archive-date=December 16, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131216151028/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/mobile/m/indiana_jones_and_the_temple_of_doom/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Pauline Kael]] preferred it to ''Raiders'', writing: "The subject of a movie can be momentum. It has often been the true—even if not fully acknowledged—subject of movies. In ''Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom'', it's not just acknowledged, it's gloried in...The whole movie is a shoot-the-chutes, and toward the end, when the heroic trio, having found the sacred stone and freed the stolen children from the maharajah's mines, are trying to escape in a tiny mine car, and a shift in camera angles places us with them on a literal rollercoaster ride, the audience laughs in recognition that that's what we've been on all along...The movie relates to Americans' love of getting in the car and just taking off—it's a breeze."<ref>{{cite news |last=Kael |first=Pauline |title=INDIANA JONES AND THE TEMPLE OF DOOM – REVIEW BY PAULINE KAEL |url=https://scrapsfromtheloft.com/2018/07/09/indiana-jones-and-the-temple-of-doom-review-by-pauline-kael/ |work=Scraps from the Loft |date=July 9, 2018 |access-date=March 7, 2021 |archive-date=January 21, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121205958/https://scrapsfromtheloft.com/2018/07/09/indiana-jones-and-the-temple-of-doom-review-by-pauline-kael/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[Dave Kehr]] stated "The film betrays no human impulse higher than that of a ten-year-old boy trying to gross out his baby sister by dangling a dead worm in her face."<ref>{{cite news |last=Kehr |first=Dave |author-link=Dave Kehr |title=Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom |url=http://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/indiana-jones-and-the-temple-of-doom/Film?oid=6470889 |work=[[Chicago Reader]] |date=September 1, 1984 |access-date=September 1, 2013 |archive-date=December 28, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228003725/http://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/indiana-jones-and-the-temple-of-doom/Film?oid=6470889 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ralph Novak of ''[[People (magazine)|People]]'' complained "The ads that say 'this film may be too intense for younger children' are fraudulent. No parent should allow a young child to see this traumatizing movie; it would be a cinematic form of [[child abuse]]. Even Harrison Ford is required to slap Quan and abuse Capshaw. There are no heroes connected with the film, only two villains; their names are Steven Spielberg and George Lucas."<ref name=faber/><ref name="Novak">{{cite web |title=Picks and Pans Review: Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom |url=https://people.com/archive/picks-and-pans-review-indiana-jones-and-the-temple-of-doom-vol-21-no-22/ |website=People.com |access-date=April 25, 2022 |language=en |date=June 4, 1984 |archive-date=April 25, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425072451/https://people.com/archive/picks-and-pans-review-indiana-jones-and-the-temple-of-doom-vol-21-no-22/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ''[[The Observer]]'' described it as "a thin, arch, graceless affair."<ref name="Halliwell's Film Guide">Halliwell's Film Guide</ref> ''[[The Guardian]]'' summarized it as "a two-hour series of none too carefully linked chase sequences ... sitting on the edge of your seat gives you a sore bum but also a numb brain."<ref name="Halliwell's Film Guide"/> [[Leonard Maltin]] gave the film only two out of four stars, saying that it is "headache inducing" and "never gives us a chance to breathe", and chiding the {{"'}}gross-out' gags."<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WRGnKhowF4gC&q=leonard+maltin+temple+of+doom&pg=PT1487 |title=Leonard Maltin's 2010 Movie Guide |first=Maltin |last=Leonard |date=September 24, 2010 |publisher=PENGUIN group |access-date=December 22, 2016 |via=Google Books |isbn=9781101108765 |archive-date=May 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503011126/https://books.google.com/books?id=WRGnKhowF4gC&q=leonard+maltin+temple+of+doom&pg=PT1487 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Colin Greenland]] reviewed the film for ''[[Imagine (game magazine)|Imagine]]'' magazine, and stated that "''Raiders'' had the wit and lightness of touch not to take itself too seriously. ''Temple'' starts well, but promptly loses itself in clamorous self-importance. I couldn't care less if it outgrosses ''Raiders''. It grossed me out."<ref name="Imagine17">{{cite journal | last = Greenland|first = Colin |author-link=Colin Greenland| title =Fantasy Media  | type = review | journal = [[Imagine (AD&D magazine)|Imagine]] | issue = 17| pages =47 | publisher = TSR Hobbies (UK), Ltd. |date=August 1984| issn = }}</ref>

In 2014, ''[[Time Out (magazine)|Time Out]]'' polled several film critics, directors, actors, and stunt actors to list their top action films.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.timeout.com/newyork/film/best-action-movies |work=[[Time Out (magazine)|Time Out]] |title=The 100 best action movies |access-date=November 7, 2014 |archive-date=November 6, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141106142045/http://www.timeout.com/newyork/film/best-action-movies |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom'' was listed at 71st place on this list.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.timeout.com/newyork/film/the-100-best-action-movies-80-71 |work=Time Out |access-date=November 7, 2014 |title=The 100 best action movies: 80–71 |archive-date=November 7, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141107152229/http://www.timeout.com/newyork/film/the-100-best-action-movies-80-71 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Director [[Quentin Tarantino]] stated that ''Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom'' is his favorite of the series, as well as Spielberg's second-best film behind ''[[Jaws (film)|Jaws]]'' (1975)''.'' "[Spielberg] pushes the envelope, he creates PG-13, a movie so badass it created a new level in the MPAA," further adding "there is a comedy aspect as gruesome as the cinema is; there is an ultimate comedy aspect that's just not quite there as much in the first one."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/quentin-tarantino-most-least-favourite-indiana-jones-movies/ | title=Quentin Tarantino names his favourite 'Indiana Jones' movie | date=August 19, 2022 }}</ref>

===Reception from the cast and crew===
The character Willie Scott has often been criticized for its shrillness, with Capshaw calling Willie "not much more than a dumb screaming blonde,"<ref name=faber/> further adding that she "was blind-sided" by the reaction to her character. "The thing that surprised me the most was that the critics, women critics in particular, were very critical of Willie Scott, as if we were making a political statement and I was doing nothing for my sisters. I found it odd that it was an action-adventure film and we were meant to be doing message work."<ref name="EmpireMaking"/>

When promoting the sequel ''Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade'' in 1989, Spielberg said "I wasn't happy with ''Temple of Doom'' at all. It was too dark, too subterranean, and much too horrific. I thought it out-poltered ''[[Poltergeist (1982 film)|Poltergeist]]''. There's not an ounce of my own personal feeling in ''Temple of Doom''." He later added during the ''Making of Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom'' documentary, "''Temple of Doom'' is my least favorite of the trilogy. I look back and I say, 'Well the greatest thing that I got out of that was I met Kate Capshaw.' We married years later and that to me was the reason I was fated to make ''Temple of Doom''."<ref name=forward/> Lucas, who had been going through a divorce with [[Marcia Lucas]] during the making of the film, attributed the film's darkness to his relationship problems, but in regard to the film said, "I love the movie, it's just slightly darker in tone and not as fun as the first."<ref name=forward/>

Seth commented "Let me tell you - the first 15 minutes of ''Indiana Jones And The Temple of Doom'' are perhaps the greatest 15 minutes in cinema. They are all about what cinema should be: sitting on the edge of your seat in excitement." Ford remarked "I felt it was funny and explored interesting, dark places. That scene where he takes the heart out, that was a new thing, a dark thing. But I enjoyed that about it. It also possesses some of the craziest action, the most energy. I think it is a good film."<ref name=EmpireMaking/>

=== Depiction of India ===
The depiction of India in ''Temple of Doom'' was criticized, and the film received a temporary ban in India. It was later released in the country when it came out on home video.<ref name="Gogoi, Pallavi">{{cite web |author=Gogoi, Pallavi |date=November 5, 2006 |title=Banned Films Around the World: Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom |url=http://images.businessweek.com/ss/06/11/1106_banned/source/7.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070401050227/http://images.businessweek.com/ss/06/11/1106_banned/source/7.htm |archive-date=April 1, 2007 |access-date=April 1, 2007 |work=BusinessWeek}}</ref><ref name="Yvette Rosser">{{cite news |last=Rosser |first=Yvette |title=Teaching South Asia |url=http://www.mssu.edu/projectsouthasia/tsa/VIN1/Rosser.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050108064134/http://www.mssu.edu/projectsouthasia/tsa/VIN1/Rosser.htm |archive-date=January 8, 2005 |access-date=August 27, 2008 |work=[[Missouri Southern State University]]}}</ref> A group of 30-50 people in [[Seattle]], Washington, appeared in the local newspapers when they protested the film for depicting Indians as either helpless or evil.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Spokesman-Review |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EFhWAAAAIBAJ&dq=temple+of+doom+protest&pg=PA28&article_id=6961,7092722}}</ref>

The depiction of [[Indian cuisine]] was heavily criticized, as dishes such as baby snakes, eyeball soup, beetles, and chilled monkey brains are not Indian foods. Professor Yvette Rosser wrote that "[it] seems to have been taken as a valid portrayal of India by many teachers, since a large number of students surveyed complained that teachers referred to the eating of monkey brains."<ref name="Yvette Rosser" /><ref>{{cite news |last=Ramnath |first=Nandini |date=March 31, 2016 |title='Temple of Doom' is the Indiana Jones movie that Indians won't forget in a hurry |url=https://scroll.in/reel/805944/temple-of-doom-is-the-indiana-jones-movie-that-indians-wont-forget-in-a-hurry |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201121221202/https://scroll.in/reel/805944/temple-of-doom-is-the-indiana-jones-movie-that-indians-wont-forget-in-a-hurry |archive-date=November 21, 2020 |access-date=May 30, 2021 |work=Scroll.in}}</ref> Another heavily criticized aspect was the film's [[white savior]] narrative, with Indiana being depicted as a great white hero upon landing in a remote Indian village, with the villagers unable to help themselves.<ref>{{cite news |date=June 20, 2020 |title=We need to talk about Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom |url=https://lwlies.com/articles/indiana-jones-and-the-temple-of-doom-racist-indian-characters/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213046/https://lwlies.com/articles/indiana-jones-and-the-temple-of-doom-racist-indian-characters/ |archive-date=June 2, 2021 |access-date=May 30, 2021 |work=Little White Lies}}</ref>

Roshan Seth, who played Chattar Lal, mentioned that the banquet scene was a joke that went wrong, saying, "Steven intended it as a joke, the joke being that Indians were so smart that they knew all Westerners think that Indians eat cockroaches, so they served them what they expected. The joke was too subtle for that film."<ref name="EmpireMaking" /> In his autobiography, Amrish Puri described the controversy around the film as "silly". He wrote that "it's based on an ancient cult that existed in India and was recreated like a fantasy. If you recall those imaginary places like Pankot Palace, starting with Shanghai, where the plane breaks down and the passengers use a raft to jump over it, slide down a hill and reach India, can this ever happen? But fantasies are fantasies, like our ''[[Panchatantra]]'' and folklore. I know we are sensitive about our cultural identity, but we do this to ourselves in our own films. It's only when some foreign directors do it that we start cribbing."<ref>{{cite book |last1=Puri |first1=Amrish |title=The Act of Life of Amrish Puri: An Autobiography |date=June 18, 2013 |publisher=Stellar Publishers |edition=1st |page=260}}</ref>

===PG rating===
Many parents who took their children to see the film complained that some sequences in the film were too violent for its PG rating, particularly sequences involving human sacrifice and children being flogged. Spielberg had initially defended the violence, stating "the picture is not called ''Temple of Roses'', it is called ''Temple of Doom''. There are parts of this film that are too intense for younger children, but this is a fantasy adventure. It is the kind of violence that does not really happen and cannot be perpetuated by people leaving the cinema and performing those tricks on their friends at home."<ref>{{cite web |title=TheRaider.net – Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom |url=http://www.theraider.net/films/todoom/making_6_therelease.php}}</ref>

In response to some of the more violent sequences in the film, and with similar complaints about ''[[Gremlins]]'' (which released two weeks later), Spielberg suggested that the [[Motion Picture Association of America]] (MPAA) alter its [[Motion Picture Association of America film rating system|rating system]] by introducing an intermediary between the PG and R ratings. The MPAA concurred, and a new [[PG-13 (Motion Picture Association)|PG-13]] rating was introduced two months after the film's release.<ref name="Parker" />{{efn|name=fn1}} In the UK, the film was heavily censored for a PG rating.<ref>{{Cite web |last=BBFC |date=August 3, 2020 |title=Temple of Doom |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/education/case-studies/temple-of-doom |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230112052320/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/education/case-studies/temple-of-doom |archive-date=January 12, 2023 |access-date=January 12, 2023 |website=www.bbfc.co.uk |language=en}}</ref> The United Kingdom followed suit five years later, with the [[BBFC]] introducing the 12 rating and ''[[Batman (1989 film)|Batman]]'' (1989) being the first film to receive it.<ref>{{Cite web |last=BBFC |date=August 14, 2020 |title=Batman |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/education/case-studies/batman |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230112052310/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/education/case-studies/batman |archive-date=January 12, 2023 |access-date=January 12, 2023 |website=www.bbfc.co.uk |language=en}}</ref> ''Temple of Doom'' was itself re-rated 12, uncut, in 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |last=BBFC |title=Indiana Jones And The Temple Of Doom |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/indiana-jones-and-the-temple-of-doom-film-qxnzzxq6vlgtnze2mdcx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230112052039/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/indiana-jones-and-the-temple-of-doom-film-qxnzzxq6vlgtnze2mdcx |archive-date=January 12, 2023 |access-date=January 12, 2023 |website=www.bbfc.co.uk |language=en}}</ref>

==Accolades==
{{Anchor|Awards|Accolades}}[[Dennis Muren]] and [[Industrial Light & Magic]]'s [[visual effects]] department won the [[Academy Award for Best Visual Effects]] at the [[57th Academy Awards]]. [[Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (soundtrack)|Soundtrack]] composer [[John Williams]] was, as he had been for his work on ''Raiders of the Lost Ark'', again nominated for [[Academy Award for Best Original Score|Original Music Score]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1985 |work=[[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]] |title=1985 |date=October 5, 2014 |access-date=April 29, 2022 |archive-date=November 10, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141110111200/https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1985 |url-status=live }}</ref> The visual effects crew won the same category at the [[38th British Academy Film Awards]]. Cinematographer [[Douglas Slocombe]], editor [[Michael Kahn (film editor)|Michael Kahn]], [[Ben Burtt]] and other [[sound design]]ers at [[Skywalker Sound]] received nominations.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bafta.org/awards-database.html?sq=Indiana+Jones+and+the+Temple+of+Doom |work=[[British Academy of Film and Television Arts]] |title=Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom |access-date=August 25, 2008 |archive-date=March 6, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306070803/http://www.bafta.org/awards-database.html?sq=Indiana+Jones+and+the+Temple+of+Doom |url-status=live }}</ref> Spielberg, the writers, Harrison Ford, Jonathan Ke Quan, [[Anthony Powell (designer)|Anthony Powell]] and [[prosthetic makeup|makeup designer]] [[Tom Smith (make-up artist)|Tom Smith]] were nominated for their work at the [[Saturn Award]]s. ''Temple of Doom'' was nominated for [[Saturn Award for Best Fantasy Film|Best Fantasy Film]] but lost to ''[[Ghostbusters]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.saturnawards.org/past.html |work=[[Saturn Award]]s |title=Past Saturn Awards |access-date=August 25, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090211052459/http://www.saturnawards.org/past.html |archive-date=February 11, 2009}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
! scope="col" | Award
! scope="col" | Category
! scope="col" | Recipient 
! scope="col" | Result
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[57th Academy Awards|Academy Awards]]
| [[Academy Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Score]]
| John Williams
| {{Nominated}}
|-
| [[Academy Award for Best Visual Effects|Best Visual Effects]]
| Dennis Muren, Michael J. McAlister, Lorne Peterson, George Gibbs
| {{Won}}
|-
| rowspan="4" | [[38th British Academy Film Awards|British Academy Film Awards]]
| [[BAFTA Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography]]
| Douglas Slocombe
| {{Nominated}}
|-
| [[BAFTA Award for Best Editing|Best Editing]]
| Michael Kahn
| {{Nominated}}
|-
| [[BAFTA Award for Best Sound|Best Sound]]
| Ben Burtt, Simon Kaye, Laurel Ladevich
| {{Nominated}}
|-
| [[BAFTA Award for Best Special Visual Effects|Best Special Visual Effects]]
| Dennis Muren, George Gibbs, Michael J. McAlister, Lorne Peterson
| {{Won}}
|-
| rowspan="7" | [[12th Saturn Awards|Saturn Awards]]
| [[Saturn Award for Best Fantasy Film|Best Fantasy Film]]
| ''Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom''
| {{Nominated}}
|-
| [[Saturn Award for Best Director|Best Director]]
| Steven Spielberg
| {{Nominated}}
|-
| [[Saturn Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]
| Harrison Ford
| {{Nominated}}
|-
| [[Saturn Award for Best Performance by a Younger Actor|Best Performance by a Younger Actor]]
| Jonathan Ke Quan
| {{Nominated}}
|-
| [[Saturn Award for Best Writing|Best Writing]]
| Willard Huyck, Gloria Katz
| {{Nominated}}
|-
| [[Saturn Award for Best Costume Design|Best Costume Design]]
| Anthony Powell
| {{Nominated}}
|-
| [[Saturn Award for Best Make-up|Best Make-up]]
| Tom Smith
| {{Nominated}}
|}

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book |first1=Willard |last1=Huyck |author-link=Willard Huyck |first2=Gloria |last2=Katz |author2-link=Gloria Katz |title=Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom: The Illustrated Screenplay |publisher=[[Ballantine Books]] |date=October 1984 |isbn=0345318781}}
* {{cite book |first=James|last=Kahn|author-link=James Kahn |title=Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom |publisher=[[Ballantine Books]] |date=May 1984 |others=[[novelization]] of the film |isbn=9780345314574}}
* {{cite book |last1=Rinzler |first1=J. W. |last2=Bouzereau |first2=Laurent |title=The Complete Making of Indiana Jones |publisher=[[Ebury Publishing]] |date=January 1, 2008 |isbn=9780091926618}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikiquote}}
* {{Official website}}
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{TCMDb title}}
* {{AFI film}}

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