View source for Kalahandi State

{{Use Indian English|date=May 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2015}}
{{Infobox former subdivision
|conventional_long_name =Kalahandi State<br><small>Karond State</small>
|common_name =Kalahandi
|nation = [[British India]]
|subdivision = [[Princely State]]
|era = 
|year_start = 1005
|date_start = 
|event_start= 
|year_end = 1948
|date_end = 
|event_end= [[Independence of India|Accession to the Union of India]]
|event1 = 
|date_event1 = 
|p1 = Eastern Ganga dynasty
|s1 = India
|flag_p1 = 
|flag_s1 = Flag of India.svg
|image_flag = Kalahandi state flag.png
|image_coat = Kalahandi Coat of Arms.png
|image_map  = Orissa Tributary States-IGI.jpg
|image_map_caption = Kalahandi State in the [[Imperial Gazetteer of India]]
|capital    = [[Bhawanipatna]]
|stat_area1 = 9700
|stat_year1 = 1892
|stat_pop1  = 224,548
|footnotes  =
|today      = [[Odisha]], [[India]]
}}

'''Kalahandi State''', also known as '''Karond State''',<ref>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Kalahandi |volume=15 |page=637}}</ref> was one of the [[princely state]]s of [[India]] during the period of the [[British Raj]]. It was recognized as a state in 1874<ref>[http://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_princes_K-W.html Indian Princely States]</ref> and had its capital in [[Bhawanipatna]]. Its last ruler signed the accession to the Indian Union on 1 January 1948.

==History==
Kalahandi was the largest of the 26 Feudatory states of [[Odisha]]. According to local tradition, the state originated with Raja Raghunath Sai of the Naga dynasty who traced descent from the [[Nagvanshis of Chotanagpur|Nagabanshis of Chotanagpur]]<ref>{{citation |title=ODISHA DISTRICT GAZETTEERS KALAHANDI |publisher=GAD, Govt of Odisha |url=http://gopabandhuacademy.gov.in/sites/default/files/gazetter/Kalahandi_Gazetteer.pdf |pages=53 |date=1988 }}</ref> of Eastern India, beginning to rule the Kalahandi area in 1005 CE.<ref>{{citation |title=ODISHA DISTRICT GAZETTEERS KALAHANDI |publisher=GAD, Govt of Odisha |url=http://gopabandhuacademy.gov.in/sites/default/files/gazetter/Kalahandi_Gazetteer.pdf |pages=53–71 |date=1988 }}</ref><ref name="P Singh Deo 2010">J. P Singh Deo, History and Culture of Kalahandi: Political Scenario of Kalahandi, Feb 2010, page: 41-43</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://uqconnect.net/~zzhsoszy/ips/k/kalahandi.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=11 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100923104908/http://uqconnect.net/~zzhsoszy/ips/k/kalahandi.html |archive-date=23 September 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> As per the traditional records preserved in Kalahandi Darbar, the Nagas succeeded the Gangas in Kalahandi when the last Ganga Governor of Kalahandi, Jagannath Deo's only daughter was married to Raghunath Sai, a prince of the Naga clan. However, historians have disputed the early date for the establishment of Naga dynasty rule in Kalahandi but most agree the Nagas succeeded the Gangas as the feudatories in the region during the 15th century taking advantage of the weakness of the central authority as the power of the [[Eastern Ganga dynasty]] started to decline in Odisha.<ref name="P Singh Deo 2010"/> Hence the state's [[coat of arms]] had two [[Indian cobra|cobra]]s facing each other.<ref>Malleson, G. B. ''An historical sketch of the native states of India,'' London 1875, Reprint Delhi 1984</ref> and the presiding deity of the dynasty is Goddess [[Manikeswari]].<ref>{{citation |title=Goddesses Manikesvari and Lankesvari |publisher=Orissa Review |url=http://magazines.odisha.gov.in/Orissareview/2009/September/engpdf/121-125.pdf |author=Uma Shankar Kar |date=September 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{citation |title=THE HISTORY OF NAGA CULT AND NAGA FESTIVALS IN ORISSA |publisher=Indian History Congress |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44155757?read-now=1&refreqid=excelsior%3A6d8b7ff7d62af564d7719adc90b6bbeb&seq=3#page_scan_tab_contents |page=3 |author=Biswajit Pradhan |date=2001 }}</ref>

In August 1947 Kalahandi became part of the [[Eastern States Union]], an entity that was formed in [[Rajpur, Balrampur|Rajpur]] and that gathered most of the princely states of Orissa and [[Chhattisgarh]]. The Eastern States Union was dissolved in 1948.<ref>Sadhna Sharma ed. ''States Politics in India'', 1995, p. 273</ref>
The formerly princely state's territory is now within [[Kalahandi District]].

==Rulers==
The rulers of Kalahandi princely state were granted a [[Salute state|hereditary salute of 9 guns]] by the British.<ref>[http://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_princes_K-W.html Princely States of India]</ref>

;Rulers of the Naga Dynasty of Kalahandi
{{div col|colwidth=21em}}
*Raghunath Sai (1005–1040 AD)
*Pratap Narayan Deo (1040–1072 AD)
*Birabar Deo (1072–1108 AD)
*Jugasai Deo I (1108–1142 AD)
*Udenarayan Deo (1142–1173 AD)
*Harichandra Deo (1173–1201 AD)
*Ramachandra Deo (1201–1234 AD)
*Gopinath Deo (1234–1271 AD)
*Balabhadra Deo (1271–1306 AD)
*Raghuraj Deo (1306–1337 AD)
*Rai Singh Deo I (1337–1366 AD)
*Haria Deo (1366–1400 AD)
*Jugasai Deo II (1400–1436 AD)
*Pratap Narayan Deo II (1436–1468 AD)
*Hari Rudra Deo (1468–1496 AD)
*Anku Deo (1496–1528 AD)
*Pratap Deo (1528–1564 AD)
*Raghunath Deo (1564–1594 AD)
*Biswambhar Deo (1594–1627 AD)
*Rai Singh Deo II (1627–1658 AD)
*Dusmant Deo (1658–1693 AD)
*Jugasai Deo III (1693–1721 AD)
*Khadag Rai Deo (1721–1747 AD)
*Rai Singh Deo III (1747–1771 AD)
*Purusottam Deo (1771–1796 AD)
*Jugasai Dei IV (1796–1831 AD)
*Fateh Narayan Deo (1831–1853 AD)
*Udit Pratap Deo I (1853–1881 AD)
*Raghu Keshari De (1894–1897 AD)
*[[Court of Wards (India)|Court of Wards]] (1897–1917 AD)
*Brajamohan Deo (1917–1939 AD)
*[[Pratap Keshari Deo]] (1939-1947 AD)
{{div col end}}

===Titular===
*[[Pratap Keshari Deo]] (1948- 8 October 2001)
*Udit Pratap Deo II (8 October 2001 – 2 November 2019)
*Anant Pratap Deo (2 November 2019-current)

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Palace_of_Kalahandi_King.jpg|View of the royal palace of the Kalahandi Rajas in Bhawanipatna
File:ManikeswarTemple.jpg|Manikeswari Temple at Bhawanipatna
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Eastern States Agency]]
*[[History of Kalahandi]]
*[[Political integration of India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Commons category-inline}}
*[http://kddfonline.com/2010/04/05/aftermath-of-merger-of-princely-states-in-orissa/ Aftermath of Merger of Princely States in Orissa]

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{{Princely states of the Eastern States Agency}}
{{Princely states of India}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Princely states of India]]
[[Category:History of Odisha]]
[[Category:Kalahandi district]]
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1948]]
[[Category:11th-century establishments in India]]
[[Category:1005 establishments in Asia]]
[[Category:1948 disestablishments in India]]


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