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{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox person
| name           = Kaliprasanna Singha
| othername      = Hootum Pyancha
| image          = Kali-prasanna-sinha.png
| image_size     = 200px
| caption        = Portrait from ''Memoirs of Kali Prossunno Singh''
| birth_date     = {{Birth date|df=yes|1840|2|23}}(?)
| birth_place    = [[Calcutta]] (now Kolkata), [[Bengal Presidency]], [[Company Raj]]
| death_date     = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1870|7|24|1841|2|23}}
| death_place    = [[Calcutta]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]]
| nationality    = Indian
| occupation     = Litterateur
| parents        = Nandalal Singha
}}

'''Kaliprasanna Sinha''' ({{lang-bn|কালীপ্রসন্ন সিংহ}}; 23 February 1841 – 24 July 1870),<ref name=":1" /> well known by his pen name '''Hootum Pyancha''', was a [[Bengali language|Bengali]] author, playwright, and philanthropist.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Subodhchandra Sengupta|url=https://archive.org/details/SamsadBanglaCharitabhidhan|title=Samsad Bangla Charitabhidhan|date=1960}}</ref> His most famous work was the translation of the ancient Hindu epic [[Mahabharata]] into Bengali. Singha's book ''[[Hootum Pyanchar Naksha]]'' ([[Literal translation|literally]] "Sketches by a Watching Owl"), a compilation of satirical social sketches, is another work that is noted for reflecting Bengalee urban society of the time. He is also remembered as a philanthropist who helped several people and movements in distress.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Singh, Kali Prasanna - Banglapedia|url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Singh,_Kali_Prasanna|access-date=2021-11-08|website=en.banglapedia.org}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Though the exact date of Kaliprasanna Sinha's birth is debatable, on 24 February 1840, the [[Calcutta Courier]] published the news that celebrations were held on 23 February 1840 on the occasion of the birth of the son of Nandalal Sinha of Jorasanko. The confusion about his year of birth is because researchers initially found his death announcement where it was stated that he died at the age of 29 in 1870. However, if the news published in Calcutta Courier, found at a later date, is taken into account, his date of birth would be somewhere near 23 February 1840.<ref name=":0" />

Kaliprasanna was born into the renowned  "Singha" family of [[Jorasanko]] in North Kolkata. His father, Nandalal Singha, was the son of Jayo Krishno Singha (or Jay Krishna Singha), who was one of the directors of [[Hindu College, Calcutta|Hindu College]], Kolkata. Nandlal died when Kaliprasanna was only six years old. Babu Hara Chandra Ghosh, a judge of the lower court, was appointed as the guardian after his father's death.

In his short span of life (1841–1870), Kaliprasanna was a man of unbelievable versatile qualities. It is said that he had a power to recollect anything that he would see or hear even once, and that too from a very early age. The foundation of the Vidyotsahini Sabha by him at age 14 bears testimony to the abilities of this child prodigy. [[Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar|Ishwarchandra Vidyasagar]] was astonished to see how this young boy could mingle with so many elderly associates and lead them towards recreational pursuits such as organisation of the theatres. ''[[Hootum Pyanchar Naksha]]'' is his immortal creation in which he portrayed the picture of the 19th-century [[babudom]] in Kolkata. [[Sunil Gangopadhyay]], in his epoch making novel ''Sei Somoy (Those Days)'', recreated the same period with Kaliprasanna as the symbolic character, his name in the novel being Nabinkumar.<ref name=":2" />

Kaliprasanna married the daughter of Loknath Basu of [[Bagbazar]] in 1854, but she died within a few years. Sometime later, Kaliprasanna married Sharatkumari, daughter of Chandranath Basu of Hatibagan, and sister of Prabhas Chandra Basu. Chandranath Basu's wife (presumably Sharatkumari's mother) was a granddaughter of Raja Prasanna Narayan Deb.<ref name=":0" />

== Education ==
Kaliprasanna was admitted to [[Presidency University, Kolkata|Hindu College]], currently known as [[Presidency University, Kolkata|Presidency University]]. In 1857 he left college. He continued his education in English, Bengali and Sanskrit at home. He enhanced his English knowledge under the guidance of a European teacher Mr. Kirkpatrick.  
He had contribution in different fields as an author, editor, a publisher, a philanthropist, a social worker, and a great patron of art, literature and culture.<ref name=":0" />

== Contributions ==
=== Vidyotsahini Sabha and contribution to Bengali Theatre ===
Other than his contribution to literature, Kaliprasanna had immense contribution to Bengali theatre too. He established the [[Vidyotsahini Sabha]] (a platform for those interested in education) at the age of 14. It was established most probably in 1855. Eminent gentlemen like Krishnadas Pal, Acharya Krishna Kamal Bhattacharya, Peari Chand Mitra, and [[Radhanath Sikdar]] were associated with it. Vidyotsahini Sabha was mainly responsible for promoting Hindu theatre, and Vidyotsahini Mancha was set up in 1857 at Kaliprasanna's home. The members of this group performed ''[[Shakuntala]]'' in 1857. According to a witness, "The performance of 'Sakuntala' at Simla was, however a failure, This is not to be wondered at; for Sakuntala being a masterpiece of dramatic genius, requires versatile and consummate talent for its representation, rarely to be met with in this country."

Later on Kaliprasanna enacted the play ''[[Benisanhar]]'', which received a warm response and the performance was praised in Samvad Prabhakar. Young Kaliprasanna played the role of [[Bhanumati (Mahabharata) |Bhanumati]], a female character. Later in 1857 itself, Kaliprasanna himself wrote the play ''Vikramorvashi'' based on the Sanskrit composition of Kalidas. Kaliprasanna played the role of [[Pururava]]. The drama was highly eulogised including the performance of Kaliprasanna as actor.

Through Vidyotsahini Sabha he felicitated [[Michael Madhusudan Dutt]] for introducing [[blank verse]] in Bengali poetry. Kaliprasanna awarded Michael Madhusudan with a certificate and a silver peg.

Kaliprasanna also wrote several other plays, such as ''Babu'' (1854), ''Sabitri Satyaban'' (1858) and ''Malati Madhab'' (1856).

=== Publications ===
He also edited/published several magazines like Vidyotsahini Patrika, Paridarshak, Sarvatattwa Prakashika, Bibidhartha Samgraha etc. [[Paridarshak]] was a Bengali daily newspaper started by Jaganmohan Tarkalankar and Madangopal Goswami.  For improvement of the newspaper, Kaliprasanna took over editorship of the newspaper.  The quality of the newspaper was ahead of its times and [[Kristo Das Pal]] wrote, "He also started a first class vernacular daily newspaper, the like of which we have not yet seen."  Bibidhartho Samgraha was first edited by Babu Rajendralal Mitra, the well known native gentleman. After him that magazine had been revived under the auspices of Kaliprasanna Singha.

In 1862 the most acclaimed ''Hootum Pyanchar Naksha'' had been published. In this book he criticised the activities of the then middle class societies in a humorous manner under the pseudonym ''Hootum Pyancha''.

He provided financial assistance to magazines like Tattabodhini Patrika, Somprakash, Mookerjee's Magazine, Bengalee, Doorbin and Hindu Patriot.

=== Translation of Mahabharata ===
Under his editorship, the Mahabharata was translated to [[Bengali language|Bengali]] in prose form, which is still read and published widely. The whole project was supervised by Vidyasagar. The translation was completed in a house named "Sarswatashram" at [[Baranagar]] in North Kolkata. Kaliprasanna distributed Mahabharata without charging a price. Kaliprasanna compromised his several mahals(owned lands)to bear the expenses.

He also translated "[[Bhagavad Gita]]" the [[Hindu]] sacred scripture, which was published posthumously.

=== Social contributions ===
After the death of [[Harish Chandra Mukherjee]] in 1861, the magazine dedicated to welfare of native Indians, was facing extinction due to want of money.  Kaliprasanna, who revered Harish Chandra immensely, bought the ownership at a cost of fifty thousand rupees, and appointed Shambhu Chandra Mookerjee for management of the magazine. Kaliprasanna also contributed five thousand rupees for preserving the memorial of Harish Chandra, and also wished to dedicate a land for development of a memorial building, which however did not materialise due to lack of interest among others. He also donated to the fund for saving the editor of "[[Hindu Patriot]]" Harish Chandra Mukherjee's house from auction after Harish's death.

He also advocated widow remarriage, and after the enactment of [[Widow Remarriage Act]], to popularise the concept, he declared a reward of Rs 1000 to every man who married a widow.

When Rev. [[James Long (priest)|James Long]], an Anglican priest of the Church Missionary Society was accused of sedition for translating the controversial ''[[Nil Darpan]]'', a Bengali-language play written by [[Dinabandhu Mitra]] criticising the treatment of Indian [[ryot]]s by European indigo merchants  Kaliprasanna paid the entire amount of a Rs 1000 fine which was imposed on Rev. Long.

Kaliprasanna was also appointed as an honorary magistrate  and Justice of Peace in 1863.  He also served as the Chief Presidency Magistrate of Calcutta for sometime. He was also elected as a Municipal Commissioner for Calcutta. Kaliprasanna however incurred huge financial crisis during the last few days of his life as he had no control on expenditure and there was no end to his donations.

== Death ==
He died on 24 July 1870 at the age of 30, leaving behind his huge contributions. Kaliprasanna's extravagant ways most of which was dedicated to the welfare of the society however took a toll on him in his last days. It was said that the distribution of several copies of Mahabharata alone cost him a huge sum of two and a half lakhs of rupees in those days. It has been also learnt, that though a major income of the zamindari family came from the revenue paid by peasants, Kaliprasanna though being a [[zamindar]], fought for the cause of the peasants and freed several peasants from the revenue burden.  In his last days, he was learnt to run into huge debts, and the large estates in Orissa and [[Bengal Club]] in Kolkata were sold. He was also deceived by friends and relatives.

Kaliprasanna died before having any issue. After his death, his wife adopted Bijay Chandra Singha, who took over the Hindu Patriot.
After his death Krishnadas Pal wrote "But beneath the troubled waters of youth there was a silvery current of geniality, generosity, good-fellowship and high mindedness, which few could behold without admiring. With all his faults Kaliprasunno was a brilliant character and we cannot adequately express our regret that a career begun under such glowing promises should have come to such an abrupt and unfortunate close."<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Builders of Bengal: Kaliprasanna Singha|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/people/west-bengal-assembly-elections-2021-kaliprasanna-singha/cid/1810744|access-date=2021-11-08|website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Kaliprasanna Sinha - Biographical Sketch [Parabaas Translation]|url=https://www.parabaas.com/translation/database/authors/texts/kaliprasanna.html|access-date=2021-11-08|website=www.parabaas.com}}</ref>

== In Popular Culture ==
He was a Major inspiration for the lead character in [[Sunil Gangopadhyay]]'s famous Novel [[Sei Somoy|Shei Somoy]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Sunil Gangopadhyay - None in Bengali literature reinterpreted history so poetically as he did!|url=https://www.getbengal.com/details/sunil-gangopadhyay-none-in-bengali-literature-reinterpreted-history-so-poetically-as-he-did|access-date=2021-11-08|website=Get Bengal|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Lal|first=Malashri|date=1998|title=Review of Those Days (Sei Samai)|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23341339|journal=Indian Literature|volume=41|issue=1 (183)|pages=243–246|jstor=23341339 |issn=0019-5804}}</ref> His name in the novel being Nabinkumar. 

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Kaliprasanna Singha}}
* {{OL author|180233A}}
* [http://dspace.wbpublibnet.gov.in:8080/jspui/browse?type=author&order=ASC&rpp=20&value=Singha,+Kaliprasanna Kaliprasanna Singha] at the West Bengal Public Library Network

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Singha, Kaliprasanna}}
[[Category:Bengali writers]]
[[Category:Bengali-language writers]]
[[Category:1841 births]]
[[Category:1870 deaths]]
[[Category:Hindu revivalists]]
[[Category:Bengali Hindus]]
[[Category: Writers from Kolkata]]