View source for Mahmood Shah Bahmani II

{{Short description|Sultan of the Bahmani Sultanate from 1482 to 1518}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox royalty
| type = sultan
| name = Mahmood Shah Bahmani II
| more = 
| image = 
| caption = 
| succession = 14th [[Bahmani Sultanate|Bahmani Sultan]]
| reign = 26 March 1482 – 27 December 1518
| coronation =
| predecessor = [[Muhammad Shah Lashkari]]
| successor = [[Ahmed Shah Bahmani II]]
| full name = Shihab-Ud-Din Mahmud
| house = 
| spouse=
| father = Muhammad Shah Lashkari
| mother = 
| birth_date = 1470
| birth_place = 
| death_date = 27 December 1518
| religion = [[Islam]]
}}

'''Mahmood Shah''' (1470 – 27 December 1518) or '''Shihab-Ud-Din Mahmud''' was the sultan of the [[Bahmani Sultanate]] from 1482 until his death in 1518. His long rule is noted for the disintegration of the sultanate and the creation of the independent [[Deccan sultanates]].

== Reign ==
{{See also|Krishnadevaraya's Bahamani Expedition}}
Mahmood was born about 1470 the son of [[Muhammad Shah Lashkari]]. He ascended the throne at age 12 on 26 March 1482 (Safar 5, 887 AH). The new Regency was formed with the Queen as president and [[Malik Na'ib]], one of the conspirators behind the death of [[Mahmud Gawan]], as regent.

His early reign was characterised by the conflict between the rising power of newcomers, epitomised by  [[Yusuf Adil Shah]], and the traditional [[Deccan]]i nobles, led by Malik Na'ib.  After a failed attempt to assassinate Yusuf Adil Shah, the sultan retired to [[Bijapur]] and left the running of the country in the hands of a viceroy or ''Malik Na'ib'', Nizam-ul-Mulk Malik Hasan Bahri, and his fellow Deccani. The Malik Na'ib himself was assassinated in 1486. An attempt to assassinate the sultan by Deccani in 1487 led to the slaughter of many Deccani and the strengthening of the newcomers' position.

The Sultan's obviously weak position led to increasing unrest amongst the nobles, particularly the powerful regional governors, some of whom, like [[Fathullah Imad-ul-Mulk]] quietly assumed the titles of royalty. Others led in open rebellion.  [[Qasim Barid I]] led one of the first revolt from [[Bidar]] and successfully defeated the army sent by the sultan to rein him in.  Qasim Barid was raised to ''Barid-ul-mumalik'' and made prime minister and de facto ruler, while the sultan lived a life of indulgence.  The King's expenditure was so high that he had jewels extracted from the [[Turquoise throne]] and used for payment.

On 28 May 1490, [[Malik Ahmad Nizam Shah I]] revolted and defeated the Bahmani army led by general Jahangir Khan. He built a palace, making it the center of the newly created [[Ahmednagar Sultanate]]. Yusuf Adil Shah followed suit creating the [[Adil Shahi dynasty]] centered at [[Bijapur]], with  Fathullah Imad-ul-Mulk creating the [[Berar Sultanate]] within the year. Qasim Barid founded the [[Bidar Sultanate]] centered at [[Bidar]] in 1492 while [[Golconda Sultanate]] became independent under [[Quli Qutb Shah]] in 1518 whose capital was at [[Golconda]] in modern [[Hyderabad]].

[[Krishnadevaraya]] marched towards [[Bidar]] in pursuit of [[Amir Barid I|Barid]]. Upon engaging in battle, he emerged victorious and captured the fort. As a testament to his diplomatic and strategic acumen, [[Krishnadevaraya]] restored Sultan Mahmud Shah to power in [[Bidar]], symbolizing his commitment to fostering discord among his Muslim neighbors. In recognition of this significant act, Krishnadevaraya adopted the title of 'Yavana-rajya-sthapana-charya.'<ref name=":12">{{Cite book |last=Majumdar |first=R.C |url=http://archive.org/details/delhisultanate00bhar |title=History and Culture of the Indian People, Volume 06, The Delhi Sultanate |date=1967 |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan |others=Public Resource |pages=309–310}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Reddy |first=Y. Gopala |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9721AAAAIAAJ&q=Krishnadevaraya+Yavanarajya-sthapanacharya |title=A Comprehensive History of Andhra |date=1990 |publisher=Victory Publishers |pages=80 |language=en}}</ref>

On Qasim Barid's death in 1504, the title of prime minister was passed to his son Amir Barid. The Sultan died on 27 December 1518 (Zil-hij 24, 924 AH) and was succeeded by his son Ahmed.

==Sources==
*{{cite book|last=Ferishta|first=Mahomed Kasim|author-link=Firishta|translator-last=Briggs|translator-first=John|translator-link=John Briggs (East India Company officer)|date=1829|title=History of the Rise of the Mahometan Power in India, till the year A.D. 1612|location=London|publisher=Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green}}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/place/India/Bahmani-consolidation-of-the-Deccan|title= Bahmanī consolidation of the Deccan|last=Allchin |first=Frank Raymond|website=Encyclopædia Britannica |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.|accessdate=18 April 2016}}
*{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.46989/page/n5/mode/2up |title=The Cambridge History of India Vol. II: Turks and Afghans |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=1925 |editor-last1=Haig |editor-first=Wolseley |editor-link=Wolseley Haig}}
*{{cite book |last=Yazdani |first=Ghulam |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.279710/page/n1 |title=Bidar, Its History and Monuments |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=1947 |location=London |author-link=Ghulam Yazdani}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

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{{Succession box|title=Bahmani Shah|before=Muhammad Shah Lashkari|after=Ahmed Shah Bahmani II|years=1482–1518}}
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{{Bahmani Sultanate}}

[[Category:Sultans]]
[[Category:1518 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Bahmani sultans]]