List of National Defence Academy alumni

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The front view of the Sudan Block of the National Defence Academy.
The Sudan Block of NDA

The Indian National Defence Academy (NDA) is the joint services academy of the Indian Armed Forces, where cadets of the three armed forces (the Army, the Navy and the Air Force) train together before beginning pre-commission training at their respective service academies (Indian Military Academy (IMA), Indian Naval Academy (INA), and Air Force Academy (AFA) for army, navy, and air force cadets respectively). Established in 1954 and located in vicinity of Khadakwasla Dam, near Pune, it is the world's first tri-service academy.Template:Sfn[1]

NDA is not the only officer training academy in India. Besides NDA, which is tri-service academy, the Indian Army's IMA,[2] Officers Training Academy (OTA),[3][4] Army Cadet College (ACC), the Indian Navy's INA,[5] and the Air Force's AFA are the other officer training academies of India. Besides cadets from NDA, these academies accept cadets separately from several streams. Apart from these, the Indian Army has three establishments for technical stream which include College of Military Engineering (CME),[6] Military College of Telecommunication Engineering (MCTE),[7] and Military College of Electronics and Mechanical Engineering (MCEME).[8] Although cadets are imparted technical training at these three academies, they are commissioned through OTA, Gaya.[9] Excluding all these establishments, which are meant for combat arms, the Indian Army has other commissioning academies for support services such as the Medical Corps,[10] and the Judge Advocate General's Department for example.[11]

Similarly, the Aeronautical Engineers (Electronics) and Aeronautical Engineers (Mechanical) are trained at the Air Force Technical College at Jalahalli, Bengaluru; the Meteorological branch officer cadets get their training at Air Force Administrative College, Coimbatore.

NDA alumni have led and participated in every major conflict in which the Indian Armed Forces have been called into action since the academy was founded.Template:Sfn Alumni include three Param Vir Chakra recipients and eleven Ashoka Chakra recipients.[12][13] The NDA has produced 32 service chiefs of staff, including the incumbent chiefs of staff of the Army, Navy and Air Force.[14]

Template:AnchorChiefs of staff

General Vijay Kumar Singh
General Vijay Kumar Singh
Admiral Arun Prakash
Admiral Arun Prakash
Admiral Robin Kumar Dhowan
Admiral Robin Kumar Dhowan
Admiral Sunil Lanba
Admiral Sunil Lanba
Air Chief Marshal Pradeep Vasant Naik
Air Chief Marshal Pradeep Vasant Naik
Air Chief Marshal Norman Anil Kumar Browne
Air Chief Marshal Norman Anil Kumar Browne
Air Chief Marshal Arup Raha
Air Chief Marshal Arup Raha

Template:As of, the academy has produced twelve Chiefs of the Army Staff (COAS), Eleven Chiefs of the Naval Staff (CNS) and Nine Chiefs of the Air Staff (CAS). All incumbent service chiefs (Chief of the Army Staff General Manoj Mukund Naravane, Chief of the Naval Staff Admiral Karambir Singh and Chief of the Air Staff ACM Rakesh Kumar Singh Bhadauria ) are NDA alumni.[14]

Chief of the Army Staff

No. Name Awards Course number Notes[14]
1 Sunith Francis Rodrigues PVSM,Template:Efn VSMTemplate:Efn 1 26th Governor of Punjab[15]Template:Sfn
2 Bipin Chandra Joshi PVSM, AVSM,Template:Efn ADCTemplate:Efn 5 [16]Template:Sfn
3 Shankar Roy Chowdhury PVSM, ADC 10 Former Rajya Sabha member[17][18]Template:Sfn
4 Ved Prakash Malik PVSM, AVSM 14 Template:Sfn[19]
5 Sundararajan Padmanabhan PVSM, AVSM, VSM 15 [20]
6 Nirmal Chander Vij PVSM, UYSM,Template:Efn AVSM 21 Former National Disaster Management Authority vice-chair; Vivekananda International Foundation director[21][22][23][24]
7 Joginder Jaswant Singh PVSM, AVSM, VSM, ADC 25 14th Governor of Arunachal Pradesh[25]
8 Deepak Kapoor PVSM, AVSM, SM, VSM, ADC 30 [26]
9 Vijay Kumar Singh PVSM, AVSM, YSM,Template:Efn ADC 36 Union Minister of State for External Affairs; Union Minister of State for Overseas Indian Affairs; Minister of State for Statistics and Programme Implementation; Former Minister for Development of North Eastern Region; Member of Indian Parliament for Ghaziabad[27][28][29][30]
10 Bikram Singh PVSM, UYSM, AVSM, SM, VSM, ADC, LoM 40 [31][32]
11 Dalbir Singh PVSM, UYSM, AVSM, VSM, ADC, LoM 44 [33][34]
12 Bipin Rawat PVSM, UYSM, AVSM, YSM, SM, VSM, ADC 53 former CDS
13 Manoj Mukund Naravane PVSM, AVSM, SM, VSM, ADC 56 former COAS[35]

Chief of the Naval Staff

No. Name Awards Course number Notes[14]
1 Laxmi Narayan Ramdas PVSM, AVSM, VrC,Template:Efn VSM, ADC 1 2004 Ramon Magsaysay Award for Peace and International Understanding[36]
2 Vijai Singh Shekhawat PVSM, AVSM, VrC, ADC 7 Former Vice Chairman of Outward Bound India;[37] Vivekananda International Foundation advisory board member[38]
3 Vishnu Bhagwat PVSM, AVSM, ADC 14 [39]
4 Sushil Kumar PVSM, AVSM, UYSM, YSM, NM,Template:Efn VSM, ADC 16 [40]
5 Madhvendra Singh PVSM, AVSM, ADC 20 [23]
6 Arun Prakash PVSM, AVSM, VrC, VSM, ADC 26 [41]
7 Sureesh Mehta PVSM, AVSM, ADC 29 Former High Commissioner to New Zealand[42][43]
8 Nirmal Kumar Verma PVSM, AVSM 35 24th High Commissioner to Canada[44][45]
9 Robin Kumar Dhowan PVSM, AVSM, YSM, ADC 45 [46]
10 Sunil Lanba PVSM, AVSM, ADC 51 [47]
11 Karambir Singh PVSM, AVSM, ADC 56 former CNS[48][49][50]

Chief of the Air Staff

No. Name Awards Course number Notes[14]
1 Nirmal Chandra Suri PVSM, AVSM, VM,Template:Efn ADC 1 [51]
2 Swaroop Krishna Kaul PVSM, MVC,Template:Efn ADC 5 Maha Vir Chakra recipient[52]
3 Satish Kumar Sareen PVSM, AVSM, VM, ADC 12 [53]
4 Anil Yashwant Tipnis PVSM, AVSM, VM, ADC 15 [54]
5 Pradeep Vasant Naik PVSM, VSM, ADC 33 [55]
6 Norman Anil Kumar Browne PVSM, VM, ADC 39 Ambassador to Norway[56][57]
7 Arup Raha PVSM, AVSM, VM, ADC 44 [58][14]
8 Birender Singh Dhanoa PVSM, AVSM, YSM, VM, ADC 52 [59]
9 Rakesh Kumar Singh Bhadauria PVSM, AVSM, VM, ADC 56 Current CAS[60]

Template:AnchorWartime award recipients

Template:As of, 3 Param Vir Chakras, 31 Maha Vir Chakras and 160 Vir Chakras have been awarded to NDA officers.[61]

Param Vir Chakra

Three officers from NDA have posthumously received the Param Vir Chakra, India's highest wartime gallantry award. All three were from the Army.[12]

No. Name Course number Unit Year[62]
1 Gurbachan Singh Salaria 9 3/1 Gorkha Rifles 1961Template:Sfn
2 Arun Khetarpal 38 17 Poona Horse 1971Template:Sfn
3 Manoj Kumar Pandey 90 1/11 Gorkha Rifles 1999[63]

Maha Vir Chakra

Thirty-one NDA officers have received the Maha Vir Chakra, India's second-highest wartime gallantry award: two from the Air Force, one from the Navy and the remainder from the Army. Ten received the award posthumously. Air Force squadron leader Padmanabha Gautam is the only NDA officer to receive the award twice, in 1965 and 1971 (posthumously).Template:Sfn

No. Name Course number Unit Year[64]
1 Raj Mohan Vohra 1 Armoured Corps 1971Template:Sfn
2 Hanut Singh 1 Armoured Corps 1971Template:Sfn
3 Kulwant Singh Pannu 1 Infantry 1971Template:Sfn
4 Narinder Singh Sandhu 2 Infantry 1971Template:Sfn
5 Padmanabha Gautam 3 Indian Air Force 1965, 1971Template:EfnTemplate:Sfn
6 Sushil Kumar Mathur 3 Artillery 1965Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
7 Sukhjit Singh 4 Armoured Corps 1971Template:Sfn
8 Shamsher Singh 5 Infantry 1971Template:Sfn
9 Raj Kumar Singh 5 Infantry 1971Template:Sfn
10 H. C. Pathak 5 Infantry 1971Template:Sfn
11 Swaroop Krishna Kaul 5 Indian Air Force 1971Template:Sfn[65]
12 Ved Prakash Ghai 5 Infantry 1971Template:EfnTemplate:Sfn
13 Surinder Kapoor 7 Infantry 1971Template:Sfn
14 Ved Prakash Airy 8 Infantry 1972Template:Sfn
15 Bhaskar Roy 9 Armoured Corps 1965Template:Sfn
16 Daljit Singh Narang 9 Armoured Corps 1972Template:Efn
17 Santosh Kumar Gupta 10 Indian Navy 1971Template:Sfn
18 Vijay Rattan Choudhry 13 Corps of Engineers 1971
19 Vijay Kumar Berry 14 Infantry 1971Template:Sfn
20 Manjit Singh 19 Infantry 1987Template:Sfn
21 Bhagwan Dutt Dogra 20 Infantry 1962Template:Sfn
22 Amarjit Singh Bal 22 Armoured Corps 1971Template:Sfn
23 Gautam Mubayi 23 Infantry 1965Template:EfnTemplate:Sfn
24 Pradip Kumar Gour 25 Infantry 1971Template:Sfn
25 Basdev Singh Mankotia 28 Infantry 1971[66]
26 S. K. Gupta 30 Infantry 1971Template:Efn[64]
27 Inder Bal Singh Bawa 30 Infantry 1971Template:EfnTemplate:Sfn
28 Devinder Singh Ahlawat 31 Infantry 1971Template:EfnTemplate:Sfn
29 Vivek Gupta 80 2 Rajputana 1999Template:Efn[67]
30 Anuj Nayyar 90 17 Jat 1999Template:Efn
31 Gurjinder Singh Suri 90 12 Bihar 2001Template:EfnTemplate:Sfn
32 Bikkumalla Santosh Babu 105 16 Bihar 2021[68]
Template:EfnTemplate:Efn

Vir Chakra

One hundred sixty NDA alumni have been awarded the Vir Chakra, India's third-highest wartime award. Of these, 96 are from the Army, 13 from the Navy and 51 from the Air Force. Notable recipients include Admiral Laxmi Narayan Ramdas, Admiral Vijai Singh Shekhawat, Wing Commander Abhinandan Varthaman and Admiral Vishnu Bhagwat.[69] & Lt Gen Yogesh Kumar Joshi.

Template:AnchorPeacetime award recipients

Template:As of, 11 Ashok Chakras,[13] 40 Kirti Chakras,[70] and 135 Shaurya Chakras,[71] have been awarded to NDA officers.[61]

Ashoka Chakra

Eleven NDA officers have received the Ashok Chakra, India's highest peacetime gallantry award. Of them, one is from the Air Force and the remainder are from the Army. Ten officers received the award posthumously.[61] Wing commander Rakesh Sharma of the Air Force is the only living NDA Air Force officer to receive the award.[72][73]

No. Name Course number Unit Notes
1 Rakesh Sharma 35 Indian Air Force Only Indian national to go into space; Hero of the Soviet Union[72][73]Template:Sfn
2 Neelakantan Jayachandran Nair 38 16 Maratha Light Infantry 1994;Template:Efn Kirti Chakra (1983)Template:Sfn[74]
3 Sudhir Kumar Walia 72 9 Para (SF) 2000;Template:Efn Sena Medal recipient[75][76]
4 Arjun Singh Jasrotia 73 9 Para (SF) 1996;Template:Efn Sena Medal recipient[75]Template:Sfn
5 Rajiv Kumar Joon 78 22 Grenadiers 1995;Template:Efn Shaurya Chakra recipientTemplate:SfnTemplate:Sfn
6 Rakesh Singh 79 22 Grenadiers 1993Template:EfnTemplate:SfnTemplate:Sfn
7 Puneet Nath Datt 87 1/11 Gorkha Rifles 1997Template:Efn[77]
8 Mohit Sharma 95 1 Para (SF) 2010;Template:Efn Sena Medal recipient[78]Template:Sfn
9 Dinesh Raghu Raman 95 Rashtriya Rifles 2008;Template:Efn COAS commendation[79][80]
10 Sandeep Unnikrishnan 94 7 Bihar
51 SAG (NSG)		 2009,Template:Efn Operation Black Tornado[81][82]Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
11 Radhakrishnan Nair Harshan 101 2 Para (SF) 2007Template:Efn[83]
Template:EfnTemplate:Efn

Kirti Chakra

Forty NDA alumni have received the Kirti Chakra, India's second-highest peacetime gallantry award. Of these, seven are from the Air Force and the remainder from the Army.[70] Notable recipients include Colonel Neelakantan Jayachandran Nair, who is also an Ashok Chakra recipient[74] Lieutenant colonel Nectar Sanjenbam who is also a Shaurya Chakra recipient.[1]

Shaurya Chakra

A total of 135 NDA alumni have received the Shaurya Chakra, India's third-highest peacetime gallantry award. Eighty-nine are from the Army, 18 from the Navy and 28 from the Air Force.[71] Notable recipients include Major Rajiv Kumar Joon, who is also an Ashok Chakra recipient.[84]

Others

Colonel Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore
Colonel Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore
No. Name Military awards Course number Notes
1 Arogyaswami Paulraj AVSM, VSM 25 Professor Emeritus, Stanford University, USA; Padma Bhushan recipient; 2011 IEEE Alexander Graham Bell Medal; 2014 Marconi Prize; Developed MIMO wireless technology widely used in 4G and WiFi devices[85][86]
2 Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore AVSM 77 Minister of State for Information & Broadcasting; Member of Parliament from Jaipur, Rajasthan; Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award recipient; Padma Shri recipient; Arjuna Award recipient; Silver medal in men's double trap at the 2004 Summer Olympics; 3 gold medals and 1 silver medal in the Commonwealth Games;Template:Efn 1 silver and 1 bronze medal in the Asian GamesTemplate:Efn[87][88][89][90][91][92]Template:Sfn
3 Ian Cardozo AVSM, SM 12 First NDA cadet to receive both Gold and Silver medals;[93] First war-disabled officer of the Indian Army to command a battalion and a brigade

Notes

Footnotes

  1. ↑ National Defence Academy: Steel in our spine. India Today(10 August 2017). Retrieved 12 October 2017.
  2. ↑ IMA. Indian Army. Retrieved 13 September 2016.
  3. ↑ OTA Chennai. Indian Army. Retrieved 13 September 2016.
  4. ↑ OTA Gaya. Indian Army. Retrieved 13 September 2016.
  5. ↑ Vision of Indian Naval Academy | INA. Indian Naval Academy. Retrieved 13 September 2016.
  6. ↑ College of Military Engineering. Indian Army. Retrieved 13 September 2016.
  7. ↑ MCTE. Indian Army. Retrieved 13 September 2016.
  8. ↑ MCEME, Secunderbad. Indian Army. Retrieved 13 September 2016.
  9. ↑ 193 cadets graduate as army officers from Gaya OTA. The Times of India(12 December 2015).
  10. ↑ Welcome to Armed Forces Medical College. Armed Forces Medical College. Retrieved 15 January 2017.
  11. ↑ Institute of Military Law. Indian Army. Retrieved 15 January 2017.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Param Vir Chakra. National Defence Academy. Retrieved 15 June 2016.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Ashok Chakra. National Defence Academy. Retrieved 12 July 2016.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 Chiefs Of Staff. NDA. Retrieved 31 May 2016.
  15. ↑ General Sunith Francis Rodrigues, PVSM, VSM. Indian Army. Retrieved 26 May 2016.
  16. ↑ General Bipin Chandra Joshi, PVSM, AVSM, ADC. Indian Army. Retrieved 26 May 2016.
  17. ↑ General Shankar Roy Chowdhury, PVSM, ADC. Indian Army. Retrieved 26 May 2016.
  18. ↑ General Shankar Roy Chowdhury appointed as the new chief of army staff after the death of General B.C. Joshi. India Today(15 December 1994). Retrieved 31 May 2016.
  19. ↑ Rediff On The NeT: New army chief takes over on Wednesday. Retrieved 16 January 2017.
  20. ↑ Padmanabhan takes over as Army chief today. The Tribune(29 September 2000). Retrieved 16 January 2017.
  21. ↑ General Nirmal Chander Vij, PVSM, UYSM, AVSM. Indian Army. Retrieved 26 May 2016.
  22. ↑ N C Vij appointed new army chief(31 October 2002). Retrieved 31 May 2016.
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 Navy chief to head COSC. The Times of India(24 December 2002). Retrieved 31 May 2016.
  24. ↑ General NC Vij, PVSM, UYSM, AVSM – Director, VIF. Vivekananda International Foundation. Retrieved 15 January 2017.
  25. ↑ Rodrigues sworn in Punjab Governor. The Tribune(17 December 2004). Retrieved 16 January 2017.
  26. ↑ General Deepak Kapoor is New Army Chief. Press Information Bureau(30 September 2007). Retrieved 31 May 2016.
  27. ↑ Former Army Chief Gen. V K Singh joins BJP along with other Officers. IANS(1 March 2014). Retrieved 31 May 2016.
  28. ↑ General V K Singh takes over as new Indian Army chief. The Times of India(31 March 2010). Retrieved 16 January 2017.
  29. ↑ Gen VK Singh intervenes to resolve Indirapuram substation land issue. Hindustan Times(25 May 2016). Retrieved 16 January 2017.
  30. ↑ Gen V K Singh takes charge of Statistics Ministry. Business Standard India(10 November 2014). Retrieved 16 January 2017.
  31. ↑ General Bikram Singh, PVSM, UYSM, AVSM, SM, VSM, ADC. Indian Army. Retrieved 26 May 2016.
  32. ↑ General Bikram Singh awarded the US's 'Legion of Merit'. The Economic Times(10 December 2013).
  33. ↑ Lieutenant General Dalbir Singh Suhag named India's new Army chief. Press Information Bureau(31 July 2014). Retrieved 31 May 2016.
  34. ↑ General Suhag awarded US 'Legion of Merit'. The Times of India(19 August 2018).
  35. ↑ Lt Gen M.M. Naravane appointed as Chief of Army Staff. pib.gov.in. Retrieved 2019-12-18.
  36. ↑ Magsaysay award for Admiral Ramdas. The Times of India(3 August 2004). Retrieved 2 February 2017.
  37. ↑ Admiral Vijai Singh Shekhawat – Bharat Rakshak: Indian Navy. Bharat Rakshak. Retrieved 31 May 2016.
  38. ↑ Admiral V S Shekhawat (Retd) (Member, VIF Advisory Board). Vivekananda International Foundation(22 October 2012). Retrieved 31 May 2016.
  39. ↑ Rediff On The NeT: Navy chief Admiral Vishnu Bhagwat sacked; defence secretary shifted(30 December 1998). Retrieved 31 May 2016.
  40. ↑ Naval chief sacked. Indiatimes(11 January 1999). Retrieved 23 December 2017.
  41. ↑ Prakash was named Navy chief days before UPA-I took charge. The Indian Express(3 May 2014). Retrieved 3 February 2017.
  42. ↑ Vice-Admiral Sureesh Mehta appointed navy chief(1 September 2006). Retrieved 31 May 2016.
  43. ↑ Admiral Sureesh Mehta is new envoy to New Zealand. The Times of India(21 October 2009). Retrieved 31 May 2016.
  44. ↑ Govt names Vice Admiral Nirmal Verma as the next Navy chief – Indian Express. Indian Express. Retrieved 31 May 2016.
  45. ↑ High Commissioners of India in Canada. High Commission of India, Ottawa(6 June 2009). Retrieved 31 May 2016.
  46. ↑ Robin Dhowan takes over as Navy chief. The Times of India(17 April 2014). Retrieved 31 May 2016.
  47. ↑ Admiral Sunil Lanba, PVSM, AVSM, ADC assumes command of Indian Navy. pib.nic.in. Ministry of Defence(31 May 2016). Retrieved 31 May 2016.
  48. ↑ Vice Admiral Karambir Singh is new Navy chief, supersedes Vice Admiral Bimal Verma. The Print(23 March 2019).
  49. ↑ Vice Admiral Karambir Singh to Take Over as Next Chief of the Naval Staff. www.indiannavy.nic.in. Indian Navy. Retrieved 26 March 2019.
  50. ↑ Admiral Karambir Singh PVSM AVSM ADC assumes charge as the 24th Chief of the Naval Staff @PMOIndia @DefenceMinIndia @SpokespersonMoD @PIB_India @DG_PIB @airnewsalerts @rashtrapatibhvnpic.twitter.com/KacUA2xKnd, SpokespersonNavy. @indiannavy(2019-05-30). Retrieved 2019-10-07.
  51. ↑ Nirmal Chandra Suri. Bharat Rakshak: Indian Air Force. Retrieved 31 May 2016.
  52. ↑ Air Chief Marshal Swaroop Krishna Kaul PVSM MVC ADC. Indian Air Force. Retrieved 31 May 2016.
  53. ↑ Air Chief Marshal Satish Kumar Sareen. Indian Air Force. Retrieved 31 May 2016.
  54. ↑ Outgoing Air Chief Marshal A.Y. Tipnis make different farewell speech. India Today(14 January 2002). Retrieved 31 May 2016.
  55. ↑ P V Naik takes over as IAF chief. NDTV(1 June 2009). Retrieved 31 May 2016.
  56. ↑ NAK Browne takes over as the new chief of the Indian Air Force. NDTV(1 August 2011). Retrieved 31 May 2016.
  57. ↑ Former IAF chief appointed India's ambassador to Norway(29 April 2014). Retrieved 31 May 2016.
  58. ↑ Arup Raha takes over as chief of IAF(31 December 2013). Retrieved 31 May 2016.
  59. ↑ Air Marshal Birender Singh Dhanoa to be the next IAF chief. Press Information Bureau. Government of India(19 December 2016). Retrieved 15 January 2017.
  60. ↑ Air Chief Marshal Rakesh Kumar Singh Bhadauria, took over as 26th Chief of the Indian Air Force today. He was commissioned into the fighter stream of IAF in Jun 1980.pic.twitter.com/9xH01idY1s, Force, Indian Air. @IAF_MCC(2019-09-29). Retrieved 2019-10-07.
  61. ↑ 61.0 61.1 61.2 JI-136C. National Defence Academy. Ministry of Defence, Government of India. Retrieved 21 June 2016.
  62. ↑ The Param Vir Chakra Winners (PVC). Indian Army. Retrieved 31 May 2016.
  63. ↑ He died the most glorious death. The Times of India(31 May 2004). Retrieved 31 May 2016.
  64. ↑ 64.0 64.1 Mahavir Chakra. National Defence Academy. Retrieved 23 December 2017.
  65. ↑ Swaroop Krishna Kaul. Bharat Rakshak. Retrieved 14 June 2016.
  66. ↑ India-Pak 1971 War- Awardees (Awards List). Defence and Security Alert. Retrieved 5 June 2016.
  67. ↑ Kargil war: From the ashes of the dead rise the tales of Indias heroes. India Today(28 June 1999). Retrieved 14 June 2016.
  68. ↑ Galwan braveheart Col Santosh Babu named for Mahavir Chakra in R-Day honours. Hindustan Times(2021-01-25). Retrieved 2021-02-09.
  69. ↑ Vir Chakra. National Defence Academy. Retrieved 14 June 2016.
  70. ↑ 70.0 70.1 Kirti Chakra. National Defence Academy. Retrieved 17 June 2016.
  71. ↑ 71.0 71.1 Shaurya Chakra. National Defence Academy. Retrieved 17 June 2016.
  72. ↑ 72.0 72.1 Rakesh Sharma, the first Indian in space, turns 67: Some unknown facts and video you should not miss: Listicles: Microfacts. India Today(3 April 2014). Retrieved 4 June 2016.
  73. ↑ 73.0 73.1 A career as a cosmonaut "is not a joy ride" – Rakesh Sharma. Russia & India Report(19 April 2014). Retrieved 4 June 2016.
  74. ↑ 74.0 74.1 Souvenir on war hero released. The Hindu(18 February 2007). Retrieved 4 June 2016.
  75. ↑ 75.0 75.1 Heroes Para Reg. India Parachute Regiment. Retrieved 4 June 2016.
  76. ↑ The Story Of Major Sudhir Walia's Sacrifice Is One Of Unparalleled, Selfless Courage. Indiatimes(30 August 2016). Retrieved 16 December 2016.
  77. ↑ Lt. Puneet Nath Datt. The Times of India(19 July 2002). Retrieved 4 June 2016.
  78. ↑ Ashok Chakra for Mohit Sharma, Sreeram Kumar. The Hindu(15 August 2009). Retrieved 4 June 2016.
  79. ↑ Residents pay tributes to Army officer. The Hindu(3 December 2007). Retrieved 4 June 2016.
  80. ↑ Ashoka Chakra for Major Dinesh Raghu Raman(25 January 2008). Retrieved 4 June 2016.
  81. ↑ 11 security personnel to get Ashok Chakra. News18. Retrieved 4 June 2016.
  82. ↑ 'Do not come up, I'll handle them,' Major's last words – Indian Express. Indian Express Archive(29 November 2009). Retrieved 4 June 2016.
  83. ↑ Sainik School alumni to honour Captain Harshan. The Hindu(19 June 2008). Retrieved 4 June 2016.
  84. ↑ Gaddi Kheri, near Chandigarh, bows head in shame for the brutal rape and murder. The Times of India(13 February 2015). Retrieved 21 June 2016.
  85. ↑ Arogyaswami Paulraj – Marconi Society. marconisociety.org. Retrieved 22 February 2018.
  86. ↑ Arogyaswami Paulraj. Stanford Education. Retrieved 6 December 2016.
  87. ↑ Official Website of Rajyavardhan. Rajyavardan Rathore Official. Retrieved 17 June 2016.
  88. ↑ Colonel Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore Biography – About family, political life, awards won, history. Elections India. Retrieved 17 June 2016.
  89. ↑ President gives away Arjuna Awards and Dronacharya Awards. Press Information Bureau(29 August 2005). Retrieved 17 June 2016.
  90. ↑ Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 17 June 2016.
  91. ↑ Athens 2004: Trap shooter Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore wins first silver medal for India. India Today(30 August 2004). Retrieved 17 June 2016.
  92. ↑ President appoints Cabinet Ministers, Ministers of State (Independent Charge) and Ministers of State. Press Information Bureau(26 May 2014). Retrieved 17 June 2016.
  93. ↑ Shoot, Dive, Fly : Stories of Grit and Adventure from The Indian Army{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}. Penguin Random House India Private Limited(15 Oct 2017). ISBN 978-9386651693

Citations

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