The sixth cholera pandemic (1899–1923) was a major outbreak of cholera beginning in India, where it killed more than 800,000 people, and spreading to the Middle East, North Africa, Eastern Europe and Russia.[1]
History
According to Leonard Rogers, following an outbreak of cholera at the Haridwar Kumbh Mela, the epidemic spread to Europe via Punjab, Afghanistan, Persia, and southern Russia.[2][3]
The last cholera outbreak in the United States was in 1910–1911 when the steamship Moltke brought infected people to New York City from Naples. Vigilant health authorities isolated the infected on Swinburne Island, built in the nineteenth century as a quarantine facility. Eleven people died, including a health care worker at the island hospital.[4][5][6]
In 1913, the Romanian Army, while invading Bulgaria during the Second Balkan War, suffered a cholera outbreak that provoked 1,600 deaths.[7][8][9]
See also
References
- ↑ Cholera's seven pandemics(December 2, 2008). Retrieved 2019-01-03.
- ↑ Time Trends of Cholera in India : An Overview. INFLIBNET. Retrieved 13 December 2015.
- ↑ Rogers, L. (1926). The Conditions Influencing the Incidence and Spread of Cholera in India. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, 19(Sect Epidemiol State Med), 59–93.
- ↑ The Boston Medical and Surgical Journal{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}. Massachusetts Medical Society(1911)
- ↑ Cholera Kills Boy. All Other Suspected Cases Now in Quarantine and Show No Alarming Symptoms.. New York Times(July 18, 1911). Retrieved 2008-07-28.
- ↑ More Cholera in Port. Washington Post(October 10, 1910). Retrieved 2008-12-11.
- ↑ A novel method to combat the cholera epidemic among the Romanian Army during the Balkan War - 1913. Acta Medico-Historica Adriatica({Template:Year).
- ↑ Epidemiile în istorie | O epidemie uitată. Holera, România și al Doilea Război Balcanic din 1913, Ciupală, Alin. University of Bucharest(25 May 2020).
- ↑ Template:Cite thesis
Further reading
- Epidemics and Pandemics: Their Impacts on Human History{{#if:Hays|, Hays}. ABC-CLIO(2005). ISBN 9781851096589
- History of Cholera Outbreaks in Iran during the 19th and 20th Centuries. Middle East Journal of Digestive Diseases({Template:Date).