Ala-ud-Din Hasan Bahman Shah (Template:Lang-ar; died 10 February 1358)[1] whose original name was Zafar Khan, was the founder of the Bahmani Sultanate.
His original name was Zafar Khan titled with "Alauddin Bahman Shah Sultan – Founder of the Bahmani Dynasty" with his capital at Gulbarga (Hasanabad) and all his coins were minted at Hasanabad.
Ancestry and early life
Zafar Khan was a noble in the employ of Muhammad bin Tughluq. His ancestry is unknown.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn However, there is a popular legend regarding him narrated by the 17th century poet Ferishta,Template:Sfn which says that he was a servant of a Brahmin astrologer named Gangu (Gangadhar Shastri Wabale) of Delhi and he was himself called Hasan Gangu. Historians have not found any corroboration for the legend.Template:SfnTemplate:SfnTemplate:Sfn According to Richard Eaton, Zafar Khan was the nephew of a former high official in the Khalji court.[2]
In 1339, Zafar Khan participated in an uprising against the Tughluqs. This turned out unsuccessful; he and his allies were exiled to Afghanistan the same year. He managed to return to the Deccan, and in 1346 he participated in a siege of Gulbarga, at the time under Tughluq control. The siege proved successful.[2]
He was made a governor. In 1347 he was made commander of an army in Daulatabad. On 3 August 1347 Nasir-ud-Din Ismail Shah (Ismail Mukh, whom the rebel amirs of the Deccan placed on the throne of Daulatabad in 1345) abdicated in his favour and he set up the Bahmani Kingdom with its headquarters at Hasanabad (Gulbarga).[3][4]
Before the establishment of his kingdom, he held the jagirs of Miraj, Belgaum and Hukeri on behalf of the Tughlaqs and he used to live along with his widowed mother at Miraj town. After establishing his kingdom, he handed over his kingdom to his eldest son. The sources like Isami and The Buran mentions Miraj was his headquarters of his Jahangir.[5]
Reign
On establishing an independent kingdom Zafar Khan took the title of Abu'l-Muzaffar Ala-ud-din Bahman Shah.[4]Template:Sfn He gave Ismail Mukh a jagir near Jamkhandi and later conferred to him the highest title of his kingdom, Amir-ul-Umara. But Narayana, a local Hindu chieftain still succeeded in turning Ismail against Bahman Shah for a short period before he poisoned Ismail.Template:Sfn
Bahman Shah led his first campaign against Warangal in 1350 and forced its ruler Kapaya Nayaka to cede to him the fortress of Kaulas. His kingdom was divided into four provinces and he appointed a governor for each province.Template:Sfn During his reign Hasan fought many wars with Vijayanagara. By the time of his death the kingdom stretched from north to south from the Wainganga River to Krishna and east to west from Bhongir to Daulatabad.[6]
He was succeeded by his son Mohammed Shah I after his death in 1358.[6]
References
- ↑ Alauddin Hassan Shah Bahamani.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 A Social History of the Deccan, 1300-1761 : Eight Indian Lives{{#if:M.|, M.}. ISBN 978-1-139-05390-7
- ↑ Mahajan, V.D. (1991). History of Medieval India, Part I, New Delhi:S. Chand, Template:ISBN, pp.279–80
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Bhattacharya. Indian History. p. 928
- ↑ Proceedings, Indian History Congress(2007). Retrieved 4 June 2019.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Bhattacharya. Indian History. p. 929
Sources
- Islamic Civilization in South Asia: A history of Muslim power and presence in the Indian subcontinent. Routledge.
- [{{{url}}} A Dictionary of Indian History]. Greenwood Press.
- Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals-Delhi Sultanat (1206–1526) – Part One. Har-Anand Publications.
- A History of India. Routledge.
- The Delhi Sultanate. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.
- [{{{url}}} History of the Mohommedan powers in india till 1612,Vol 2].
- [{{{url}}} History of the Bahmani dynasty-An Objective study].
Template:S-start Template:S-hou Template:S-reg Template:S-new Template:S-ttl Template:S-aft Template:S-end