Template:Infobox historic site
The Ala'i Darwaza (Template:Langx) is the southern gateway of the Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque in Qutb complex, Mehrauli, Delhi, India. Built by Sultan Alauddin Khalji in 1311 and made of red sandstone, it is a square domed gatehouse with arched entrances and houses a single chamber.
It has a special significance in Indo-Islamic architecture as the first Indian monument to be built using Islamic methods of construction and ornamentation and is a World Heritage Site.[1]
Background
The Alai Darwaza was built by Delhi Sultan Alauddin Khalji of the Khalji dynasty in 1311. It was a part of his plan to extend the Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque on four sides. Although he planned to construct four gates, only the Alai Darwaza could be completed, as he died in 1316.[2] It serves as the southern gateway of the mosque.[1] It is located at the southern part of the Qutb complex.[2]
In 1993, the Darwaza and the other monuments of the complex were designated a World Heritage Site.[3] The surroundings of Qutb Minar including many tombs, the mosque, and the Iron Pillar is called Qutb Complex.
Architecture
The Alai Darwaza is made up of a single hall whose interior part measures Template:Convert and exterior part measures Template:Convert.[2] It is Template:Convert tall and the walls are Template:Convert thick.[4]
The gatehouse, from 1311, still shows a cautious approach to the new technology, with very thick walls and a shallow dome, only visible from a certain distance or height. Bold contrasting colors of masonry, with red sandstone and white marble, introduce what was to become a common feature of Indo-Islamic architecture, substituting for the polychrome tiles used in Persia and Central Asia. The pointed arches come together slightly at their base, giving a mild horseshoe arch effect, and their internal edges are not cusped but lined with conventionalized "spearhead" projections, possibly representing lotus buds. Net, stone openwork screens, are introduced here; they already had been long used in temples.[5]
The height of the dome is Template:Convert.[2] It is the first true dome built in India, as previous attempts to construct a true dome were not successful.[2]
The entire Darwaza is made up of red sandstone with white colored marbles inlaid on the exterior walls.[6] There is extensive Arabic calligraphy on the walls of the Darwaza. The arches are horseshoe shaped,[4] the first time such arches were used in India. The façade has pre-Turkish carvings and patterns.[2] The windows have marble lattices. The surface decoration consists of interweaved floral tendrils and is repeated with symmetry on three doorways.[2][7]
Gallery
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Alai Darwaza in the 1870s
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Alai Darwaza with the Tomb of Imam Zamin in the foreground
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Doorway of the Darwaza
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Window of the Darwaza
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Qutb Minar. Archaeological Survey of India.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Monuments of India{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}. Diamond Pocket Books Pvt Ltd(2014). ISBN 9789351652984
- ↑ Qutb Minar and its Monuments, Delhi. UNESCO.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 The Delhi that No-one Knows{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}. Orient Blackswan(2005). ISBN 9788180280207
- ↑ Blair, Sheila, and Bloom, Jonathan M., The Art and Architecture of Islam, 1250–1800, p. 151, 1995, Yale University Press Pelican History of Art, Template:ISBN
- ↑ The Life and Works of Sultan Alauddin Khalji{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}. Atlantic Publishers & Dist(1992). ISBN 9788171563623
- ↑ Ornament in Indian Architecture{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}. University of Delaware Press(1991). ISBN 9780874133998