Anglo is a prefix indicating a relation to, or descent from, the Angles, England, English culture, the English people or the English language, such as in the term Anglo-Saxon language. It is often used alone, somewhat loosely, to refer to people of British descent in North America, the Caribbean, South Africa, Namibia, Australia, and New Zealand. It is used in Canada to differentiate between the French speakers (Francophone) of mainly Quebec and some parts of New Brunswick, and the English speakers (Anglophone) in the rest of Canada. It is also used in the United States to distinguish the growing Spanish-speaking Latino population from the English-speaking majority. It is also used, both in English-speaking and non-English-speaking countries, to refer to Anglophone people of other European origins.
Anglo is a Late Latin prefix used to denote English- in conjunction with another toponym or demonym. The word is derived from Anglia, the Latin name for England and still used in the modern name for its eastern region, East Anglia. Anglia and England both mean land of the Angles, a Germanic people originating in the north German peninsula of Angeln, that is, the region of today's Lower Saxony that joins the Jutland Peninsula. (There are various hypotheses for the origin of the name 'Angeln'.)
It is also often used to refer to British in historical and other contexts after the Acts of Union 1707, for example such as in the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824, where in later years agreement was between the British government and the Dutch, not an English government. Typical examples of this use are also shown below, where non-English people from the British Isles are described as being Anglo.
Anglo is not an easily defined term. For traditionalists, there are linguistic problems with using the word as an adjective or noun on its own. For example, the purpose of the -o ending is to enable the formation of a compound term (for example Anglo-Saxon meaning of Angle and Saxon origin), so there is only an apparent parallelism between, for example, Latino and Anglo. However, a semantic change has taken place in many English-speaking regions so that in informal usage the meanings listed below are common. The definition is changed in each region which defines how it is identified.
Specialized usage
Africa
Template:See also The term Anglo-African has been used historically to self-identify by people of mixed British and African ancestry born in the United States and in Africa.[1][2][3][4] The Anglo-African and The Weekly Anglo-African were the names of newspapers published by African American abolitionist Robert Hamilton (1819–1870) in New York during the American Civil War era.[5][6][7] The Anglo-African was also the name of a newspaper published in Lagos (now part of Nigeria) from 1863 to 1865. It was founded and edited by Robert Campbell (1829–1884), a Jamaican born son of a Scottish father and Mulatto mother.[8][9] The term has also been used historically to describe people living in the British Empire in Africa.[10][11] The Anglo-African Who's Who and Biographical Sketch-Book published in London in 1905 includes details of prominent British and Afrikaner people in Africa at that time.[12]
Australia
Template:Main In Australia, Anglo is used as part of the terms Anglo-Australian and Anglo-Celtic, which refer to the majority of Australians, who are of English, Scottish, Welsh and Irish descent.[13]
Canada
In Canada, and especially in Canadian French, the terms Anglophone, Anglo-Canadian or simply Anglo, are widely used to designate someone whose mother tongue is English, as opposed to Francophone, which describes someone whose mother tongue is French, and to Allophone, which describes someone whose mother tongue is a language other than English or French. (In Quebec, the word Anglophone or Anglo refers to English-speaking Quebecers in both English and French.) Anglo-Metis is also sometimes used to refer to a historical ethnic group.
Israel
Immigrants from English-speaking countries are sometimes referred to as Anglos.[14]
Scotland
In Scotland the term Anglo-Scot, often shortened to Anglos, is used to refer to people with mixed Scottish-English ancestry, or people with English ancestry born in Scotland.
The term Anglo-Scot is more often used to describe Scottish sports players who are based in England or playing for English teams, or vice versa. This usage is especially used in football and notably in rugby union, where the Anglo Scots were a Scottish non-native select provincial District side that competed in the Scottish Inter-District Championship.
United States
Template:Main In many parts of the United States, especially those with high Hispanic populations, "Anglo-American" is shortened to "Anglo" and applied to white Americans who are not of Hispanic or Latino origin and sometimes to those who are not of French origin, but the latter criterion is based on specific linguistic considerations and limited to Louisiana and parts of Texas.[15]Template:Failed verification
If language is taken into consideration the term "Anglo-American" also excludes Franco-Americans such as the Cajuns of Louisiana, but would include them when language is excluded as a criterion.Template:Citation needed
In the Southwest United States, "Anglo", short for "Anglo American", is used as a synonym for non-Hispanic Whites; that is European Americans (except people who speak Romance languages), most of whom speak the English language, even those who are not necessarily of English or British descent.[16] Some non-Hispanic whites in the United States who speak English but are not of English or British ancestry do not identify with the term Anglo and find the term offensive. For instance, some Cajuns in south Louisiana use the term to refer to area whites who do not have Francophone backgrounds. Irish Americans, the second largest self-identified ethnic group in the United States following German-Americans, also sometimes take umbrage at being called "Anglo".[17][18]
See also
- Angles
- Anglo-Burmese people
- Anglo-Celtic
- Anglo-Indian
- Anglo-Irish people
- Anglo-Saxon (disambiguation)
- Anglo-Saxons
- Anglo-Scottish border
- Anglophile
- Anglophobia
- Anglosphere
- Second Boer War
- White Anglo-Saxon Protestant
References
- ↑ The Golden Age of Black Nationalism, 1850–1925{{#if:Moses|, Moses}. Oxford University Press(1988). ISBN 0-19-520639-8
- ↑ World's Great Men of Color{{#if:Rogers|, Rogers}. Touchstone(1996). ISBN 9780684815824
- ↑ Burdened by race : Coloured identities in southern Africa{{#if:Lee|, Lee}. UCT Press(2009). ISBN 978-1-91989-514-7
- ↑ The Long Shadow of the British Empire: The Ongoing Legacies of Race and Class in Zambia{{#if:Milner-Thornton|, Milner-Thornton}. Palgrave Macmillan(2012). ISBN 978-0230340183
- ↑ About The Anglo-African. Library of Congress. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
- ↑ African American Faces of the Civil War: An Album{{#if:Coddington|, Coddington}. The Johns Hopkins University Press(2012). ISBN 9781421406251
- ↑ A Black Journalist in Civil War Virginia: Robert Hamilton and the Anglo-African. Virginia Magazine of History and Biography({Template:Year).
- ↑ Meditations on African Literature{{#if:Echeruo|, Echeruo}. Greenwood(2001). ISBN 0313298661
- ↑ African Diasporas in the New and Old Worlds: Consciousness and Imagination{{#if:James|, James}. Rodopi(2004). ISBN 90-420-0870-9
- ↑ United Australia: Public opinion in England as expressed in the leading journals of the United Kingdom. Charles Potter, Government Printer. Retrieved 16 July 2013.
- ↑ The adjustment of the German colonial claims – Dedicated to the American and British delegates of the peace conference{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}(December 1918) Harry Johnston (1858–1927) and E. D. Morel (1873–1924) are referred to as Anglo-Africans in this publication.
- ↑ The Anglo-African Who's Who and Biographical Sketch-Book{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}. George Routledge & Sons, Ltd.(1905)
- ↑ 1301.0 – Year Book Australia, 1995. Retrieved 24 June 2008.
- ↑ Israel Anglo File news, Israel diplomatic map.
- ↑ Anglo – Definitions from Dictionary.com; American Heritage Dictionary. Lexico Publishing Group, LLC. Retrieved 29 March 2008.
- ↑ How the Irish, Germans, and Czechs Became Anglo: Race and Identity in the Texas-Mexico Borderlands PhD dissertation{{#if:Barber|, Barber}. University of Texas(2010)
- ↑ "The Irish-Mexican Thing" by Julie Reynolds. El Andar Magazine, March 1996.[1]
- ↑ "Don't Call Me Late For Dinner, And Please Don't Call Me Anglo." Letter to the editor, The Arizona Republic, 4 August 1992