The Banu Fazara or Fazzara or Fezara or Fezzara (Template:Lang-ar) were an Arab tribe whose original homeland was Najd.
Origins
According to Arab genealogical tradition, the progenitor of the Banu Fazara was Fazāra ibn Dhubyān ibn Baghīd ibn Rayth ibn Ghaṭafān. Thus the tribe belonged to the Dhubyan branch of the Ghatafan tribe, making the Fazara a north Arabian tribe.Template:Sfn Its ancestral pasture grounds were in the Wadi al-Rumma region of the Najd in central Arabia.Template:Sfn
History
In the pre-Islamic period, the Fazara were known for their rivalry with the Banu Abs, another branch of the Ghatafan. The two tribes fought against each other in the war of 'Dahis and Ghabra', so-called after the horses of the tribes' respective chiefs, Qays ibn Zuhayr ibn Jadhima of the Abs and Hudhayfa ibn Badr of the Fazara. According to the story of the war, the Fazara originally bested the Abs due to underhanded acts and the Abs retaliated by killing a brother of Hudhayfa. The latter, then his son Hisn, led the tribe during the long-running war. Peace was eventually established between the brother tribes, after which Fazara, under Hisn's son Uyayna, engaged in feuds with the Banu Amir, the Banu Jusham, and other groups.Template:Sfn
The Fazara under Uyayna participated in the Qurayshite siege of the Islamic prophet Muhammad in Medina in 627. They later raided a Muslim expedition under Zayd ibn Haritha, and in 628, supported the Jews of Khaybar against the Muslims. By 630, Uyayna made peace with Muhammad and participated in the Muslim victories at Mecca and Hunayn. A Fazara delegation submitted to Muhammad, but after his death in 632, broke off allegiance from the Muslims and joined the rebel chief Tulayha in the Ridda Wars. The Muslims defeated them and the Fazara submitted once again to Muslim rule.Template:Sfn
In the modern day, the Fazara section of the Sudanese Arabs are camel-nomadic Arab tribes who live in the pastures of North Kordofan. They include the Shanabla, Majaneen, Bani-Jarrar, and Bani-Dhubian.[1]
Umm Qirfa
Umm Qirfa Fatima[2] was a leader of the Banu Fazara Arab tribe from Wadi Al-Qura.Template:Fact
Ancient genealogies described Umm Qirfa as a member of the Banu Fazara.Template:Sfn She married into the Banu Badr.Template:Sfn According to Ibn Ishaq and al-Tabari, Umm Qirfa was wealthy.Template:Sfn She was described as being an old woman with high social status and wife of Malik ibn Hudhayfa ibn Badr al-Fazari.[3]Template:Sfn After her thirty horsemen were defeated by Zayd ibn Haritha,[4] Muhammad ordered Qirfa[5] or her children[6] to be slaughtered "by putting a rope into her two legs and to two camels and driving them until they rent her in two..."[7] Two of her limbs were torn in to two by four camels, her severed head was later paraded all over the streets of Medina.[8][5]
In, Safi-Ur-Rahman Al-Mubarakpuri in his book Ar-Raheeq Al-Makhtum tells that Umm Qirfa wanted to kill Muhammad:[9] Template:Blockquote
References
- ↑ A History of the Arabs in the Sudan And Some Account of the People who Preceded them and of the Tribes Inhabiting Dárfūr{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}. Cambridge University Press(1922). ISBN 9780511696947
- ↑ Muslim Women Mystics: The Life and Work of Rabi'a and Other Women Mystics in Islam{{#if:Smith|, Smith}. Oneworld Publications(30 July 2001). ISBN 9781851682508
- ↑ The Unique Necklace, Volume 3{{#if:Ibn 'Abd Rabbih|, Ibn 'Abd Rabbih}. UWA Publishing(2012). ISBN 9781859642405
- ↑ The Sealed Nectar (Biography of the Prophet){{#if:Mubarkpuri|, Mubarkpuri}. Darussalam Publications(5 August 2002). ISBN 9781591440710
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 The life of Muhammad: translation of Ishaq's Sirat Rasul Allah{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}. Oxford University Press(5 August 1978)
- ↑ A Note on the Sīra of Ibn Isḥāq. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies({Template:Date).
- ↑ The History of Al-Tabari: the Victory of Islam{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}. SUNYP(1997)
- ↑ Al-Nass Al-Muasas wa Mujtamauhu{{#if:Al-Jamal|, Al-Jamal}
- ↑ Ar-Raheeq Al-Makhtum (The Sealed Nectar): Biography of the Prophet{{#if:Mubarakpuri|, Mubarakpuri}. Dar-us-Salam Publications(2002). ISBN 9781591440710
- ↑ www.ebnmaryam.com Template:Webarchive
Bibliography
- Umm Qirfa et Salmâ, et le mythe des peuples anéantis. Journal asiatique({Template:Date).
- Template:Cite encyclopedia