"Bharato Bhagyo Bidhata" (Template:Langx) is a five-stanza Brahmo hymn in Bengali.[1] It was composed and scored by Rabindranath Tagore in 1911. The first stanza of the song has been adopted as the National Anthem of India.[2][3][4]
History of "Jana Gana Mana"
The poem was first sung on the second day of the annual session of the Indian National Congress in Calcutta on 27 December 1911. The song was performed by Sarala Devi Chowdhurani, Tagore's niece, along with a group of school students, in front of prominent Congress Members like Bishan Narayan Dhar, Indian National Congress President and Ambika Charan Majumdar.
In 1912 the song was published under the title "Bharat Bhagya Bidhata" in the Tatwabodhini Patrika, which was the official publication of the Brahmo Samaj and of which Tagore was the Editor.
Outside of Calcutta, the song was first sung by the Rabindranath Tagore himself at a session in Besant Theosophical College in Madanapalle, Andhra Pradesh on 28 February 1919. The song enthralled the college authorities and they adopted the English version of the song as their prayer song which is still sang today. Tagore made the first English translation of the song at Madanapalle.
On the occasion of India attaining freedom, the Indian Constituent Assembly assembled for the first time as a sovereign body on 14 August 1947, midnight and the session closed with a unanimous performance of "Jana Gana Mana".
The members of the Indian Delegation to the General Assembly of the United Nations held in New York City in 1947 gave a recording of "Jana Gana Mana" as the country's national anthem. The song was played by the house orchestra in front of a gathering consisting of representatives from all over the world.
"Jana Gana Mana" was officially proclaimed as India's National Anthem by the Constituent Assembly of India on 24 January 1950.[5]
Lyrics
The English translation below has been adapted from an unverifiable source.[6] Some changes have been made to both the translation and romanization.
| Bengali original | Romanisation of Bengali (ISO 15919) | IPA transcription | English translation |
|---|---|---|---|
| <poem>Template:Lang</poem> | <poem>Janaganamana-adhināẏaka jaẏa hē BhāratabhāgyabidhātāTemplate:Efn!
Pañjāba Sindhu Gujarāṭa Marāṭhā DrābiṛaTemplate:Efn Utkala BaṅgaTemplate:Efn BindhyaTemplate:Efn Himācala Yamunā Gaṅgā ucchalajaladhitaraṅga TabaTemplate:Efn Śubha nāmē jāgē, tabaTemplate:Efn śubha āśiṣa māgē, gāhē tabaTemplate:Efn jaẏagāthā / Janaganamaṅgaladāẏaka jaẏa hē BhāratabhāgyabidhātāTemplate:Efn! Jaẏa hē, Jaẏa hē, Jaẏa hē, jaẏa jaẏa jaẏa jaẏa hē.</poem> |
<poem>
Template:IPA </poem> |
<poem>Oh! the ruler of the minds of people, victory be to You, dispenser of the destiny of India!
Punjab, Sindh, Gujarat, Maratha (Marathi heartland), Dravida (South India), Orissa and Bengal, The Vindhyas, the Himalayas, the Jumna (Yamuna) and the Ganges, and the oceans with foaming waves all around. Wake up listening to Your auspicious name, ask for Your auspicious blessings, And sing to Your glorious victory. Oh! You who impart well being to the people, victory be to You, dispenser of the destiny of India! Victory, victory, victory to You!</poem> |
| <poem>Template:Lang</poem> | <poem>Aharaha tabaTemplate:Efn āhbānaTemplate:Efn pracārita, śuni tabaTemplate:Efn udāra bānīTemplate:Efn
Hindu BaudhhaTemplate:Efn Śikha Jaina Pārasika Musalamāna Khṛsṭānī PūrabaTemplate:Efn Paścima āsē tabaTemplate:Efn siṁhāsana-pāśē Prēmahāra haẏa gām̐thā / Janagana-aikya-bidhāẏakaTemplate:Efn jaẏa hē BhāratabhāgyabidhatāTemplate:Efn! Jaẏa hē, Jaẏa hē, Jaẏa hē, jaẏa jaẏa jaẏa jaẏa hē.</poem> |
<poem>Template:IPA</poem> | <poem>Your call is announced continuously, we heed Your gracious call
The Hindus, Buddhists, Sikhs, Jains, Parsis, Muslims and Christians, The East and the West come together, to the side of Your throne And weave the garland of love. Oh! You who bring in the unity of the people! Victory be to You, dispenser of the destiny of India! Victory, victory, victory to You!</poem> |
| <poem>Template:Lang</poem> | <poem>Patana-abhuyadaẏa-bandhuraTemplate:Efn panthā, yuga yuga dhābitaTemplate:Efn yātrī /
Hē cirasārathi, tabaTemplate:Efn rathacakrē mukharita patha dinarātri / Dāruna biplaba-mājhēTemplate:Efn tabaTemplate:Efn śaṅkhadhbaniTemplate:Efn bājēTemplate:Efn Saṅkaṭaduḥkhatrātā. Janaganapathaparicāẏaka jaẏa hē BhāratabhāgyabidhātāTemplate:Efn! Jaẏa hē, Jaẏa hē, Jaẏa hē, jaẏa jaẏa jaẏa jaẏa hē.</poem> |
<poem>Template:IPA</poem> | <poem>The way of life is somber as it moves through ups and downs, but we, the pilgrims, have followed it through ages.
Oh! Eternal Charioteer, the wheels of your chariot echo day and night in the path In the midst of fierce revolution, your conch shell sounds. You save us from fear and misery. Oh! You who guide the people through torturous path, victory be to You, dispenser of the destiny of India! Victory, victory, victory to You!</poem> |
| <poem>Template:Lang</poem> | <poem>Ghōratimiraghana nibiṛaTemplate:Efn niśīthē pīṛita mūrchita dēśē
Jāgrata chila tabaTemplate:Efn abicalaTemplate:Efn maṅgala natanaẏanē animeṣē / DuḥsbapnēTemplate:Efn ātaṅkē rakṣā karilē aṅkē Snēhamaẏī tumi mātā / Janaganaduḥkhatrāẏaka jaẏa hē BhāratabhāgyabidhātāTemplate:Efn! Jaẏa hē, Jaẏa hē, Jaẏa hē, jaẏa jaẏa jaẏa jaẏa hē.</poem> |
<poem>Template:IPA</poem> | <poem>During the bleakest of nights, when the whole country was sick and in swoon
Wakeful remained Your incessant blessings, through Your lowered but wink-less eyes Through nightmares and fears, you protected us on Your lap, Oh Loving Mother Oh! You who have removed the misery of the people, victory be to You, dispenser of the destiny of India! Victory, victory, victory to You!</poem> |
| <poem>Template:Lang</poem> | <poem>Rātri prabhātila, udila rabicchabiTemplate:Efn pūrba-udaẏagiribhālēTemplate:Efn -
Gāhē bigaṅgama,Template:Efn punya samīrana nabajībanarasaTemplate:Efn ḍhālē / TabaTemplate:Efn karunārurarāgē nidrita Bhārata jāgē tabaTemplate:Efn caranē nata māthā / Jaẏa Jaẏa Jaẏa hē jaẏa rājēśbaraTemplate:Efn BhāratabhāgyabidhātāTemplate:Efn! Jaẏa hē, Jaẏa hē, Jaẏa hē, jaẏa jaẏa jaẏa jaẏa hē.</poem> |
<poem>Template:IPA</poem> | <poem>The night is over, and the Sun has risen over the hills of the eastern horizon.
The birds are singing, and a gentle auspicious breeze is pouring the elixir of new life. By the halo of Your compassion, India that was asleep is now waking On your feet we now lay our heads Oh! Victory, victory, victory to you, the Supreme King, victory be to You, dispenser of the destiny of India! Victory, victory, victory to You!</poem> |
Apart from the above translation which follows the original very closely, Tagore's own interpretation of Jana Gana Mana in English is available as Template:Cite wikisource.
See also
- Jana Gana Mana (The National Anthem of India)
- Rabindranath Tagore
- Vande Mataram-The National Song of India
- Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
- Jana Gana Mana Video
- An earlier poem by Tagore (Amar Shonar Bangla) was later selected as the national anthem of Bangladesh.
- Chitto Jetha Bhayshunyo ("Where the Mind is Without Fear...Into that heaven of freedom, Let my country awake!") -a patriotic poem from Gitanjali by Rabindranath Tagore
- Ekla Chalo Re- A poem by Rabindranath Tagore and publicised by Subhas Chandra Bose
- Indian National Pledge by Pydimarri Venkata Subba Rao
References
- ↑ http://www.news18.com/news/movies/bharat-bhagyo-bidhata-from-rajkahini-is-a-tagore-song-and-not-an-extended-version-of-the-national-anthem-1108614.html IBNLive.com The original Tagore song – "Not a single note of the original Rabindranath Tagore composition has been altered"
- ↑ Rabindranath Tagore : an interpretation{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}. Viking, Penguin Books India(2011). ISBN 978-0670084555
- ↑ Untitled Document. satyashodh.com.
- ↑ National Anthem – National Symbols – Know India. Nation Portal of Government of India.. knowindia.gov.in. Retrieved 14 February 2016.
- ↑ Interesting Facts About Our National Anthem.
- ↑ All 5 stanzas of Jana Gana Mana with Bengali script. Retrieved 21 July 2010.
- Rabindranath Tagore: The Myriad-Minded Man. St. Martin's Press.
- Bengal's Renaissance. Academic Publishers, Kolkata.