Bhavani is an Indian river flows through Indian states of Kerala and Tamil Nadu, India. It is a major tributary of the Kaveri River.
Hydrography
Bhavani river originates from Nilgiri hills of the Western Ghats, enters the Silent Valley National Park in Kerala and flows back towards Tamil Nadu.Template:Citation needed The Bhavani is a Template:Convert long perennial river fed mostly by the southwest monsoon and supplemented by the northeast monsoon. Its watershed drains an area of Template:Convert spread over Tamil Nadu (87%), Kerala (9%) and Karnataka (4%). The main river courses majorly through Coimbatore district and Erode district in Tamil Nadu. About 90 per cent of the river's water is used for agriculture irrigation.
The river joins the Cauvery at the Kooduthurai holy site near Bhavani.[1]
Tributaries
Twelve major rivulets including West and East Varagar rivers join Bhavani draining the southern Nilgiri slopes. At Mukkali, Bhavani takes an abrupt 120-degree turn towards the northeast and flows for another Template:Convert through Attappady plateau. It gets reinforced by the Kunda river coming from the north. Siruvani river, a perennial stream and the Kodungarapallam river, flowing from the south and southeast respectively join the Bhavani at Kerala-Tamil Nadu border.[2] The river then flows east along the base of Nilgiris and enters the plains near Bathra Kaliamman temple at Mettupalayam after joining with Coonoor river coming from northwest.
About Template:Convert downstream, Moyar River, a major tributary originating in Mudumalai National Park, flows in from the northwest, where it drains the valley between the northern slopes of the Nilgiris and the southern slopes of the Bilgiri Hills. After the Moyar it is blocked by the Lower Bhavani Dam, feeding Lower Bhavani Project Canal near Sathyamangalam in Erode District. The river continues east for over Template:Convert through Erode District, traversing Kodiveri Dam, near Gobichettipalayam which feeds the Arakkankottai and Thadappalli canals constructed for agricultural purposes.[3] A small barrage across the river was built by Kalingarayan in 1283 CE to feed the Template:Convert Kalingarayan irrigation canal.[4]
Dams
- Bhavanisagar
Template:Main Bhavanisagar dam is located on the Bhavani river in Erode district, Tamil Nadu, India.[5] The dam is one of the largest earthen dams in the world.[6] The dam is situated some Template:Convert west of Sathyamangalam and Template:Convert from Gobichettipalayam.[7] The Lower Bhavani Project was the first major irrigation project initiated in India after independence in 1948. It was completed by 1955 and opened for use in 1956.[6] The dam was constructed at a cost of Template:INRconvert.[6]
The dam is Template:Convert long and Template:Convert high. The full reservoir level is Template:Convert and the dam has a capacity of Template:Convert.[6] The dam has two hydel power stations, one on the east bank canal and the other on the Bhavani river. Each has a capacity of Template:Convert for a total capacity of Template:Convert.[6]
- Kodiveri
Template:Main Kodiveri dam is located on the Bhavani River near Gobichettipalayam in Western Tamil Nadu. The dam is situated along the State Highway 15 about Template:Convert from Gobichettipalayam towards Sathyamangalam. It was constructed by Kongalvan in the year 1125 CE.[3]
Pollution
Industrial, municipal and agricultural pollution of the river results in poor water quality and negative impacts on the health of people, plants and animals dependent on the river water.[8]
References
- ↑ Performing rituals at Kooduthurai becomes risky. The Hindu(23 October 2012). Retrieved 25 April 2019.
- ↑ Human chain formed against Kerala's plan to build dam on River Siruvani. NDTV(26 June 2012). Retrieved 29 January 2016.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Indian Archaeology, a Review{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}. Archaeological Survey of India(1994)
- ↑ Kalingarayan Canal is 725 years old. The Hindu(2007-01-17). Retrieved 29 January 2016.
- ↑ Tourist Information for Erode district. Government of Tamil Nadu. Retrieved 1 February 2016.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Uniqueness of Bhavanisagar dam.
- ↑ Bhavanisagar dam. TNAU. Retrieved 1 February 2016.
- ↑ River Bhavani. rainwaterharvesting.org. Retrieved 8 August 2007.
Template:Hydrography of Tamil Nadu Template:Bhavani River Template:Kaveri River