Bourbons of India

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File:Balthazar I of Bourbon - Prime Minister of Bhopal.jpg
Painting of Balthazar I
File:SHoukat Palace, the beautiful palace built by Prince Sebastian I, Prime Minister of Bhopal.jpg
Soukat Mahal
File:Prince Adrian, Princess Elisha, Prince Balthazar IV and Princess Michelle.JPG
Balthazar IV of Bourbon-Bhopal with his family in 2013
File:Madame Elizabeth de Bourbon - May 1867.jpg
Madame Elizabeth de Bourbon in May 1867
File:Coat of arms of the house of Bourbon-Bhopal.svg
Claimed coat of arms of the House of Bourbon-Bhopal

The Bourbons of India (Template:Lang-fr) are an Indian family who claim to be legitimate heirs of the House of Bourbon, descended from Jean Philippe de Bourbon, Count of Clermont-en-Beauvaisis, an exiled French noble who served in Mughal Emperor Akbar's court. The family is also known as the House of Bourbon-Bhopal, a name derived from the city of Bhopal in central India where their last few generations resided and worked in the pre-independent Indian Bhopal State Royal Court.

History

Traveller and photographer Louis Rousselet wrote in Le Fils du Connétable Template:Harv[1][2] when he had visited Isabella de Bourbon, known in the Court as Bourbon Sirdar, and got struck by her "European type".[1][3] This is his account of his surprise to find a Bourbon Princess in Bhopal: Template:Quote

Kincaid's account of Jean de Bourbon's exile and settlement in India reads: Template:Quote

More detailed accounts can be found in Template:Harvnb,[4] Template:Harvnb[4] and Template:Harvnb (both written by Charles Augustus, William Kincaid's son[5]), and Template:Harvnb The family held the position of Governor of the Imperial Seraglio until the fall of Delhi after the invasion of Nader Shah in 1739[6] when Francis II (1718-1778) moved to their principality of Shergar to be the last Raja of Shergar. He was attacked by the troops of the Raja of Narwar in 1778 (General Sir John Malcolm 1823) and died alongside most of the family . His surviving son Salvadore II and his two sons moved to Gwalior and finally to Bhopal.

All the members of the Bourbons of Bhopal were known at the Bhopal Court by Muslim names. They were the most influential and wealthiest family in Bhopal, second only to the royal family themselves. The most prominent members of the family were Balthazar of Bourbon- Shazad Masih (1772-1829), son of Salvadore II. He became prime minister in 1820 until he was poisoned by Afghan nobles in 1829.[7] Masih married an English lady, Isabella Johnston, the princess that French traveler Rousellet met. Their son, Sebastian of Bourbon-Mehrban Masih (1830-1878) was appointed prime minister (1857) to the Begums and built one of the most beautiful palaces in Bhopal, the Shaukat Mahal,[8] and the Catholic Church of Bhopal, on land bequeathed by his mother Princess Isabella (died 1852).[9] Eventually, the family fell out of favour during the last two reigns.

After Indian independence, the new Indian state abolished the old jagirs (land entitlements) in 1948, and royal and noble status in 1971. Deprived of any privileges, the family joined the ranks of the working bourgeoisie.[1][10] The Bourbons of Bhopal are certain that their direct ancestor Jean Phillipe was the secret son of the Constable of France and his wife Duchess Suzanne, according to family oral traditions. Though there are no records of Jean Phillipe of Bourbon in official family genealogy of the House of Bourbon, Prince Michael of Greece, in his book Le Rajah Bourbon (Michel de Grece 2007) gives a very plausible explanation to this and he does believe this branch of the Bourbons to be the oldest branch of the family. There are other different accounts of Jean de Bourbon's possible lineage. One has the constable survive the sack of Rome and eventually marry a Mughal princess named Alaïque, Jean Philippe's mother. Another possible candidate is a member of the Bourbon-Busset branch, reported lost at sea in 1580,[11] though the dates do not match.

Balthazar Napoleon IV de Bourbon, the current head of the family of Bourbons in India, is the son of Salvadore de Bourbon (1917–1978), who claimed the lineage in his memoir Les Bourbons de l'Inde, Template:Harv which was edited by Lucien Jailloux and published posthumously with a preface written by historian of India and member of L'École Française d'Extrème-Orient Jean Deloche.[1][10][12][13][14][15]

Salvadore de Bourbon's work is based upon nineteenth-century articles by people such as Claude Sosthène Grasset d'Orcet writing in La Revue britannique Template:Harv, Gabriel Ferrand writing in La Revue de Paris Template:Harv, and Colonel William Kincaid's Historical sketch of the Indian Bourbon family Template:Harv.[16] The story goes that Jean Phillippe (simply "Jean de Bourbon" in some accounts[17]), the secret son of Charles de Bourbon, Duke of Bourbon, the so-called "Constable of Bourbon", arrived in the court of Mughal emperor Akbar in 1560, relating a tale of his journey there that included pirates, kidnapping, and an attempt to sell him in a slave market in Cairo. Prince Michael of Greece has incorporated this into a historical novel, Le Rajah Bourbon Template:Harv, whose publication spurred a renewed interest in this claim to the French throne.[10][13][14]

Claim to the Throne of France

The current head of the Bourbon-Bhopal family is Balthazar Napoleon IV de Bourbon, a lawyer by profession.[18] De Bourbon's claim of link to the Bourbons of France was endorsed by Prince Michael of Greece in his historical novel, Le Rajah Bourbon Template:Harv. The novel, describedTemplate:By whom as "an amalgam of conjecture and research", offers a speculative biography of De Bourbon's purported ancestor Jean Philippe de Bourbon. According to the novel, Jean Philippe was a nephew of King Henry IV, which would technically make Balthazar Napoleon the eldest in line to the French Throne.[19][20] The author states that he completely believes in his theory, although he does not have absolute proof of it.[21]

In 2008, Prince Michael favoured a DNA test, "perhaps from a surviving lock of Bourbon hair", to verify De Bourbon's claim of kinship.[22] De Bourbon stated that he was ready to undergo the DNA test, but that he wanted to know "if the original samples will be available for matching since there were frequent inter-marriages among European royal families."[23]

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Times2006a
  2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named bad1
  3. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named RousseletBuckle1875a
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Seth1937b
  5. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Tikekar1992
  6. ↑ History of India. Retrieved 11 May 2013.
  7. ↑ Sharyah Khan: The Begums of Bhopal
  8. ↑ Archived copy. Retrieved 11 May 2013.
  9. ↑ Govt Jobs Apply Online Recruitment notifications. Retrieved 11 May 2013.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Calle2007
  11. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Decloitre2010
  12. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Tharoor2007
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Telegraph2007a
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Chrisafis2007
  15. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Revise2007
  16. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named vanKerrebrouck2004
  17. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named DublinReview1887
  18. ↑ 'France for better ties with MP'
  19. ↑ Bourbon of Indian vintage Template:Webarchive, 10 January 2008, Los Angeles Times
  20. ↑ The next King of France? An Indian! Template:Webarchive, 21 August 2007, Manchester Evening News
  21. ↑ Found in India the last king of France Template:Webarchive, 2 March 2007, The Guardian
  22. ↑ The lost Bourbon, in India Template:Webarchive, 4 March 2007, The Hindu
  23. ↑ Heir to France's Bourbon rulers loves India Template:Webarchive, 7 March 2007, DNA India

Bibliography

Further reading

Fiction

  • Le Rajah Bourbon{{#if:Michel de Grèce|, Michel de Grèce}. Jean-Claude Lattès(March 2007). ISBN 978-2-7096-2922-5

Non-fiction

  • Les Bourbons des Indes. La Revue britannique({Template:Date).
  • Les Bourbons de l'Inde: souvenirs de Salvadore de Bourbon{{#if:de Bourbon|, de Bourbon}. Christian(2003). ISBN 978-2-86496-095-9
  • [{{{url}}} House of the Bourbons: A Branch of the former French royal family lives with its glorious past and obscure present]. India Today(15 March 1996).
  • Les prétendants au trône de France{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}. L'Herne(1990). ISBN 978-2-85197-281-1
  • Royal India: a descriptive and historical study of India's fifteen principal states and their rulers{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}. Duell, Sloan, and Pearce(1942). ISBN 978-0-8369-2152-6
  • Les Bourbons de l'Inde. Revue de Paris({Template:Date).
  • Nuqoosh-e-Bhopal{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}. Babul Uloom(1986)
  • The begums of Bhopal: a dynasty of women rulers in Raj India{{#if:Khan|, Khan}. I.B.Tauris(2000). ISBN 978-1-86064-528-0
  • The Tale of the Tulsi Plant and Other Stories{{#if:Kincaid|, Kincaid}. The Times of India Office(1908)
  • Bourbons of Bhopal. Illustrated Weekly of India({Template:Date).
  • Historical Sketch of The Indian Branch of The Bourbon Family : together with a genealogical table from the time that the founder, John Philip Bourbon, landed in India{{#if:Kincaid|, Kincaid}(1883)
    • Also published as: The Indian Bourbons. Asiatic Quarterly Review({Template:Date).
  • A memoir of Central India{{#if:Malcolm|, Malcolm}. Kingsbury, Parbury & Aleen(1824)
  • The Jesuits and the Great Mogul{{#if:Maclagan|, Maclagan}. Burns, Oates & Washbourne(1932)
  • Les royaumes de l'Inde{{#if:Rousselet|, Rousselet}. Hachette(1879)
  • Le Fils du connétable{{#if:Rousselet|, Rousselet}. Hachette(1882)

Genealogies

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