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Template:Infobox ethnic group Colombians (Template:Langx) are people identified with the country of Colombia. This connection may be residential, legal, historical or cultural. For most Colombians, several (or all) of these connections exist and are collectively the source of their being Colombian.
Colombia is considered to be one of the most multiethnic societies in the world, home to people of various ethnic, religious and national origins. Many Colombians have varying degrees of European, Indigenous, African, Arab, Asian and Jew ancestry.[1]
The majority of the Colombian population is Mestizo and Castizo, being descendants of Indigenous peoples and Europeans, especially Iberians.[2] Following the initial period of Spanish conquest and immigration, different waves of immigration and settlement of non-indigenous peoples took place over the course of nearly six centuries and continue today. Elements of Native American and more recent immigrant customs, languages and religions have combined to form the culture of Colombia and thus a modern Colombian identity.[3]
Ethnic groups
Template:See also Template:Pie chart
European Colombians
Most of Colombia's population descends from European immigration in the mid 16th to late 20th centuries. The greatest waves of European immigration to Colombia can generally be divided into three time periods: the 1820s-1850s, which brought hundreds of immigrants mainly from Spain, Italy, Germany (including Ashkenazi Jewish); the 1880s to 1910s, which brought many immigrants from France, Portugal, Belgium, Astro-Hungary, Denmark, Croatia, and Switzerland; and the 1920s-1960s, the last great wave of European immigration to Colombia, which brought many British (including Irish) immigrants, as well as other European groups such as the Dutch, Polish, Russian, Scandinavian, and other Eastern European immigrants who primarily settled in Colombia's great urban centers.Template:Citation needed These immigrants came to Colombia attracted by the country's growing population and business opportunities. In addition to these waves of immigration, a great number of Jews fled to Colombia during and after the Second World War, seeking to escape violence in Europe. Immigrants went mostly to the Caribbean and Andean regions.[4][5][6][7][8] There are smaller numbers of Dutch, Swiss, Austrians, Danish, Norwegian, Portuguese, Belgian, Russian, Polish, Hungarian, Bulgarian, Lithuanian, Ukrainian, Czech, Greek and Croatian communities that immigrated during the Second World War and the Cold War.[9][10][11]
Mestizo Colombians
Estimates of the Mestizo population, people of mixed European (mostly Spanish) and Indigenous, ancestry in Colombia vary as the national census does not include Mestizo as an ethnic option. According to the 2018 census, the population of people who did not identify with any ethnic group, being mostly White or Mestizo, made up 87% of the Colombian population, while an estimated 40% of Colombians were Mestizo or mixed race.[12] A study by Rojas et al reported an average ancestry of 47% Indigenous, 42% European, and 11% African for Mestizo Colombians.[13]
Indigenous Colombians
Originally, Colombia's territory was inhabited entirely by Indigenous groups. Colombia's indigenous cultures evolved from three main groups—the Quimbaya, who inhabited the western slopes of the Cordillera Central; the Chibcha; and the Kalina.Template:Citation needed The Muisca culture, a subset of the larger Chibcha ethnic group, were famous for their use of gold and responsible for the legend of El Dorado. Today, Indigenous people comprise roughly around 10% of the population in Colombia.[14][15] More than fifty different indigenous ethnic groups inhabit Colombia. Most of them speak languages belonging to the Chibchan and Cariban language families.Template:Citation needed
Historically, there are 567 reserves (resguardos) established for Indigenous peoples which are inhabited by more than 800,000 people.Template:Citation needed The 1991 constitution established that their native languages are official in their territories, and most of them have bilingual education systems, teaching both native languages and Spanish. Some of the largest indigenous groups in Colombia are the Wayuu,[16] Zenú, Pastos, Embera, and Páez. The departments with the biggest indigenous populations are Cauca, La Guajira, Nariño, Córdoba and Sucre.[14]
Afro-Colombians
Also known as "Afro", or "Afro-colombianos" (in Spanish). According to the 2018 census, they are 5.34% of country population,[17][18] while genetic studies have obtained between 6.6%,[19] 9.2,[20] and 11%[2] of African DNA in the Colombian population. Also the percentage and numbers of Afro Colombians can vary depending on the region, being the majority population in the Pacific Region, frequently found in the Caribbean Region but a minority in the Andean Region, Orinoquia Region and Amazon Region.[21][22] Colombia has the fourth-largest African diaspora on the planet after the Brazil, the United States, and Haiti.[23][24]
Asian Colombians
Arab Colombians
Jewish Colombians
There are about 8,000 Colombians of Jewish origin who practice Judaism, most of them live in Bogotá. Colombia's Jewish community includes Sephardi Jews from countries such as Syria and Turkey also immigrated to the country and run their independent religious organizations. The Confederación de Comunidades Judías de Colombia coordinates Jews and institutions that practice the religion.Template:Citation needed
Genetic composition
| Department | Indigenous contribution | European contribution | African contribution |
|---|---|---|---|
| Antioquia | 26% | 63.5% | 10.3% |
| Antioquia (Peque) | 62.2% | 31.1% | 5.8% |
| Bolívar | 32.9% | 23.3% | 43.8% |
| Caldas | 36.4% | 59.6% | 4.3% |
| Casanare | 74.7% | 24.5% | 0.8% |
| Cauca | 56.9% | 19.6% | 23.5% |
| Chocó (Afro Colombians) | 10.8% | 21.1% | 68.1% |
| Chocó (Mestizos) | 44.8% | 46.6% | 8.6% |
| Cundinamarca | 51.6% | 45.4% | 3% |
| Huila | 60.8% | 39.6% | 0% |
| Magdalena | 21.8% | 50% | 28.2% |
| Nariño | 65.2% | 32.1% | 2.7% |
| Norte de Santander | 53% | 42.2% | 4.7% |
| Quindío | 38.3% | 57.3% | 4.4% |
| Santander | 42.4% | 56.2% | 1.4% |
| Valle del Cauca | 39.3% | 39.2% | 21.5% |
| Colombia | 47% | 42% | 11% |
Immigrant groups
Because of its strategic location, Colombia has received several immigration waves during its history. Most of these immigrants have settled in the Caribbean Coast; Barranquilla (the largest city in the Colombian Caribbean Coast) and other Caribbean cities have the largest population of Lebanese, German, British, French, Italian, Irish and Romani descendants. There are also important communities of American and Chinese descendants in the Andean Region and Caribbean Coast especially in Medellin, Bogota, Cali, Barranquilla and Cartagena. Most immigrants are Venezuelans, they are evenly distributed throughout the country.[25]
Languages
There are 101 languages listed for Colombia in the Ethnologue database, of which 80 are spoken today as living languages. There are currently more than 850,000 speakers of native languages.[26][27]
Education
The educational experience of many Colombian children begins with attendance at a preschool academy until age five (Educación preescolar). Basic education (Educación básica) is compulsory by law.[28] It has two stages: Primary basic education (Educación básica primaria) which goes from first to fifth grade – children from six to ten years old, and Secondary basic education (Educación básica secundaria), which goes from sixth to ninth grade. Basic education is followed by Middle vocational education (Educación media vocacional) that comprises the tenth and eleventh grades. It may have different vocational training modalities or specialties (academic, technical, business, and so on.) according to the curriculum adopted by each school.
After the successful completion of all the basic and middle education years, a high-school diploma is awarded. The high-school graduate is known as a bachiller, because secondary basic school and middle education are traditionally considered together as a unit called bachillerato (sixth to eleventh grade). Students in their final year of middle education take the ICFES test (now renamed Saber 11) in order to gain access to higher education (Educación superior). This higher education includes undergraduate professional studies, technical, technological and intermediate professional education, and post-graduate studies.
Bachilleres (high-school graduates) may enter into a professional undergraduate career program offered by a university; these programs last up to five years (or less for technical, technological and intermediate professional education, and post-graduate studies), even as much to six to seven years for some careers, such as medicine. In Colombia, there is not an institution such as college; students go directly into a career program at a university or any other educational institution to obtain a professional, technical or technological title. Once graduated from the university, people are granted a (professional, technical or technological) diploma and licensed (if required) to practice the career they have chosen. For some professional career programs, students are required to take the Saber-Pro test, in their final year of undergraduate academic education.[29]
Public spending on education as a proportion of gross domestic product in 2012 was 4.4%. This represented 15.8% of total government expenditure. In 2012, the primary and secondary gross enrolment ratios stood at 106.9% and 92.8% respectively. School-life expectancy was 13.2 years. A total of 93.6% of the population aged 15 and older were recorded as literate, including 98.2% of those aged 15–24.[30]
Religion
The National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE) does not collect religious statistics, and accurate reports are difficult to obtain. However, based on various studies and a survey, about 90% of the population adheres to Christianity, the majority of which (70.9%) are Roman Catholic, while a significant minority (16.7%) adhere to Protestantism (primarily Evangelicalism). Template:Citation neededSome 4.7% of the population is atheist or agnostic, while 3.5% claim to believe in God but do not follow a specific religion. 1.8% of Colombians adhere to Jehovah's Witnesses and Adventism and less than 1% adhere to other religions, such as Islam, Judaism, Buddhism, Mormonism, Hinduism, Hare Krishna movement, Rastafari movement, Eastern Orthodox Church, and spiritual studies. The remaining people either did not respond or replied that they did not know. In addition to the above statistics, 35.9% of Colombians reported that they did not practice their faith actively.[31][32][33] 1,519,562 people in Colombia, or around 3% of the population reported following an Indigenous religion.Template:Citation needed
While Colombia remains a mostly Roman Catholic country by baptism numbers, the 1991 Colombian constitution guarantees freedom and equality of religion.[34]
Diaspora Politics
2022
First round
| Department | Petro | Hernández | Gutiérrez | Fajardo | Rodríguez | Gómez | Betancourt | Pérez | Blank votes | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| colspan="2" style="background:Template:Party colour"| | colspan="2" style="background:Template:Party colour"| | colspan="2" style="background:Template:Party colour"| | colspan="2" style="background:Template:Party colour"| | colspan="2" style="background:Template:Party colour"| | colspan="2" style="background:Template:Party colour"| | colspan="2" style="background:Template:Party colour"| | ||||||||||||||||
| Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | |||||
| Consulates/Abroad | 95,850 | 31.60% | 42,118 | 13.88% | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|136,511 | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|45.01% | 23,323 | 7.69% | 1,689 | 0.55% | 754 | 0.24% | 273 | 0.09% | 118 | 0.03% | 2,628 | 0.86% | ||||
| Source: Registraduria | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Second round
| Department | Petro | Hernández | Blank votes | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| colspan="2" style="background:Template:Party colour"| | colspan="2" style="background:Template:Party colour"| | |||||
| Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | |
| Consulates | 114,610 | 37.52% | 185,557 | 60.75% | 5,209 | 1.72% |
| Source: Registraduria | ||||||
Abroad vote
First round
| Country | Petro % | Hernández % | Gutiérrez % | Fajardo % | Rodríguez % | Gómez % | Betancourt % | Pérez % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| style="background:Template:Party colour"| | style="background:Template:Party colour"| | style="background:Template:Party colour"| | style="background:Template:Party colour"| | style="background:Template:Party colour"| | style="background:Template:Party colour"| | style="background:Template:Party colour"| | ||
| Template:Flag | – | – | 50.00 | 50.00 | – | – | – | – |
| Template:Flag | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|63.62 | 12.16 | 15.88 | 6.26 | 0.63 | 0.17 | 0.07 | 0.03 |
| Template:Flag | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|54.50 | 16.82 | 15.99 | 10.51 | 0.43 | 0.16 | 0.05 | – |
| Template:Flag | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|58.58 | 8.28 | 17.90 | 13.52 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.24 | 0.12 |
| Template:Flag | 38.09 | 9.52 | 38.09 | 14.28 | – | – | – | – |
| Template:Flag | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|55.42 | 9.19 | 21.51 | 11.79 | 0.26 | 0.13 | 0.26 | 0.06 |
| Template:Flag | 30.81 | 21.22 | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|41.02 | 4.48 | 1.02 | 0.81 | – | – |
| Template:Flag | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|52.71 | 11.16 | 25.16 | 9.32 | 0.25 | 0.21 | 0.08 | 0.04 |
| Template:Flag | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|36.93 | 14.60 | 36.39 | 10.03 | 0.52 | 0.26 | 0.08 | 0.01 |
| Template:Flag | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|49.36 | 16.67 | 25.24 | 6.09 | 0.79 | 0.43 | 0.07 | 0.07 |
| Template:Flag | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|45.16 | 11.98 | 28.11 | 11.52 | – | – | 0.46 | – |
| Template:Flag | 21.27 | 15.45 | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|54.82 | 7.21 | 0.33 | 0.30 | 0.05 | 0.02 |
| Template:Flag | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|74.58 | 11.66 | 10.62 | 1.66 | 0.20 | 0.20 | – | – |
| Template:Flag | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|56.98 | 4.46 | 17.31 | 20.39 | 0.27 | – | – | – |
| Template:Flag | 19.64 | 13.79 | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|54.62 | 9.39 | 0.84 | 0.46 | 0.15 | 0.07 |
| Template:Flag | 30.64 | 17.96 | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|42.44 | 5.45 | 0.94 | 0.54 | 0.41 | 0.15 |
| Template:Flag | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|48.48 | 6.00 | 30.30 | 15.15 | – | – | – | – |
| Template:Flag | 22.22 | 12.45 | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|53.53 | 9.76 | 1.01 | – | – | – |
| Template:Flag | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|62.12 | 8.53 | 16.26 | 10.56 | 0.40 | – | – | – |
| Template:Flag | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|57.67 | 10.47 | 16.99 | 13.04 | 0.36 | 0.18 | 0.06 | 0.01 |
| Template:Flag | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|59.40 | 7.26 | 14.21 | 17.07 | 0.36 | 0.24 | 0.10 | – |
| Template:Flag | 32.43 | 13.51 | 32.43 | 16.21 | – | – | – | – |
| Template:Flag | 15.82 | 16.57 | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|56.62 | 8.61 | 0.64 | 0.43 | – | 0.21 |
| Template:Flag | 21.80 | 13.82 | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|55.85 | 7.97 | – | – | – | – |
| Template:Flag | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|62.24 | 9.18 | 16.83 | 9.69 | 1.02 | – | 0.51 | 0.51 |
| Template:Flag | 34.78 | 4.34 | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|47.82 | 8.69 | – | – | – | – |
| Template:Flag | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|36.00 | 8.00 | 34.00 | 20.00 | – | – | – | – |
| Template:Flag | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|41.60 | 11.31 | 29.19 | 16.78 | – | 0.36 | 0.36 | – |
| Template:Flag | 25.94 | 19.24 | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|46.23 | 5.23 | 1.67 | 0.41 | – | – |
| Template:Flag | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|43.21 | 16.97 | 27.00 | 10.21 | 0.48 | 0.27 | 0.17 | 0.10 |
| Template:Flag | 15.47 | 20.23 | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|46.42 | 11.90 | 2.38 | – | – | – |
| Template:Flag | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|39.56 | 9.03 | 37.07 | 10.28 | 1.55 | 0.62 | 0.62 | – |
| Template:Flag | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|41.66 | 5.55 | 33.33 | 19.44 | – | – | – | – |
| Template:Flag | 6.04 | 12.08 | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|71.81 | 6.71 | 0.67 | 1.34 | – | – |
| Template:Flag | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|35.59 | 11.86 | 22.03 | 26.27 | 0.84 | 0.84 | – | – |
| Template:Flag | 24.65 | 20.54 | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|39.72 | 12.32 | – | – | – | – |
| Template:Flag | 35.67 | 10.13 | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|40.65 | 11.93 | 0.41 | 0.25 | 0.05 | 0.04 |
| Template:Flag | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|47.82 | 4.34 | 17.39 | 30.43 | – | – | – | – |
| Template:Flag | 31.32 | 18.35 | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|39.55 | 8.93 | 0.61 | 0.14 | 0.10 | 0.12 |
| Template:Flag | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|50.18 | 17.09 | 16.72 | 12.30 | 0.36 | 0.24 | 0.12 | – |
| Template:Flag | 23.91 | 20.65 | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|57.17 | 3.26 | – | – | – | – |
| Template:Flag | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|60.46 | 7.97 | 15.94 | 13.28 | 0.33 | 0.33 | 0.33 | – |
| Template:Flag | 21.52 | 16.27 | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|52.73 | 7.47 | 0.74 | 0.35 | 0.11 | 0.02 |
| Template:Flag | 19.81 | 17.11 | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|51.35 | 8.10 | 1.80 | – | – | 0.45 |
| Template:Flag | 26.78 | 17.12 | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|43.29 | 10.44 | 0.94 | 0.37 | 0.12 | 0.04 |
| Template:Flag | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|31.81 | 18.18 | 30.30 | 15.15 | – | – | 1.51 | – |
| Template:Flag | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|62.67 | 8.61 | 17.70 | 8.13 | – | 1.91 | – | – |
| Template:Flag | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|49.12 | 11.72 | 24.72 | 11.25 | 0.95 | 0.47 | – | – |
| Template:Flag | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|78.18 | 9.69 | 9.09 | 1.81 | – | – | – | – |
| Template:Flag | 21.85 | 11.92 | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|40.39 | 23.17 | – | – | 0.66 | – |
| Template:Flag | 32.18 | 4.59 | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|48.27 | 12.64 | – | – | – | – |
| Template:Flag | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|47.16 | 13.20 | 22.64 | 13.83 | – | 0.62 | – | – |
| Template:Flag | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|47.59 | 16.28 | 27.22 | 6.39 | 0.77 | 0.21 | 0.16 | 0.05 |
| Template:Flag | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|60.77 | 8.14 | 17.87 | 11.12 | 0.79 | 0.29 | 0.09 | – |
| Template:Flag | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|49.36 | 8.59 | 28.42 | 11.93 | 0.51 | 0.33 | 0.11 | 0.03 |
| Template:Flag | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|34.78 | 15.94 | 24.63 | 24.63 | – | – | – | – |
| Template:Flag | 30.00 | 20.00 | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|35.00 | 11.66 | – | – | 1.66 | – |
| Template:Flag | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|61.83 | 3.05 | 28.24 | 5.34 | 1.52 | – | – | – |
| Template:Flag | 14.52 | style="background:Template:Party colour;"|40.50 | 39.62 | 4.52 | – | 0.12 | – | – |
| Template:Flag | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|40.01 | 16.03 | 31.21 | 10.71 | 0.56 | 0.13 | 0.09 | 0.06 |
| Template:Flag | 16.12 | 11.97 | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|64.28 | 6.31 | 0.44 | 0.22 | 0.04 | 0.02 |
| Template:Flag | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|50.47 | 15.37 | 22.58 | 9.10 | 0.37 | 0.75 | – | – |
| Template:Flag | 14.43 | 34.36 | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|44.87 | 3.46 | 1.40 | 0.53 | 0.09 | 0.03 |
| Template:Flag | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|50.00 | 7.69 | 15.38 | 19.23 | – | 3.84 | – | – |
| Source: Registraduria | ||||||||
Second round
| Country | Petro % | Hernández % | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| style="background:Template:Party colour"| | style="background:Template:Party colour"| | |||||||
| Template:Flag | 33.33 | style="background:Template:Party colour"|50.00 | ||||||
| Template:Flag | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white|72.45 | 25.75 | ||||||
| Template:Flag | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|65.72 | 31.59 | ||||||
| Template:Flag | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|72.68 | 24.06 | ||||||
| Template:Flag | 42.10 | style="background:Template:Party colour"|52.63 | ||||||
| Template:Flag | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|67.22 | 30.14 | ||||||
| Template:Flag | 35.28 | style="background:Template:Party colour"|63.70 | ||||||
| Template:Flag | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|62.47 | 35.96 | ||||||
| Template:Flag | 44.94 | style="background:Template:Party colour"|52.70 | ||||||
| Template:Flag | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|56.95 | 41.17 | ||||||
| Template:Flag | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|50.00 | 44.26 | ||||||
| Template:Flag | 25.47 | style="background:Template:Party colour"|72.88 | ||||||
| Template:Flag | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|81.48 | 17.23 | ||||||
| Template:Flag | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|73.82 | 22.05 | ||||||
| Template:Flag | 26.56 | style="background:Template:Party colour"|70.96 | ||||||
| Template:Flag | 37.65 | style="background:Template:Party colour"|60.47 | ||||||
| Template:Flag | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|57.50 | 42.50 | ||||||
| Template:Flag | 29.96 | style="background:Template:Party colour"|66.44 | ||||||
| Template:Flag | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|73.14 | 24.07 | ||||||
| Template:Flag | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|70.12 | 27.30 | ||||||
| Template:Flag | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|51.61 | 38.70 | ||||||
| Template:Flag | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|74.38 | 23.08 | ||||||
| Template:Flag | 23.18 | style="background:Template:Party colour;"|74.58 | ||||||
| Template:Flag | 25.26 | style="background:Template:Party colour;"|73.15 | ||||||
| Template:Flag | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|76.41 | 20.51 | ||||||
| Template:Flag | 35.00 | 35.00 | ||||||
| Template:Flag | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|50.00 | 47.82 | ||||||
| Template:Flag | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|55.47 | 41.50 | ||||||
| Template:Flag | 31.77 | style="background:Template:Party colour"|64.83 | ||||||
| Template:Flag | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|54.09 | 43.47 | ||||||
| Template:Flag | 26.13 | style="background:Template:Party colour"|72.72 | ||||||
| Template:Flag | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|49.40 | 47.92 | ||||||
| Template:Flag | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|62.50 | 37.50 | ||||||
| Template:Flag | 17.47 | style="background:Template:Party colour"|81.55 | ||||||
| Template:Flag | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|56.25 | 37.50 | ||||||
| Template:Flag | 36.50 | style="background:Template:Party colour"|61.90 | ||||||
| Template:Flag | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|43.47 | 30.43 | ||||||
| Template:Flag | 43.19 | style="background:Template:Party colour"|54.07 | ||||||
| Template:Flag | 25.96 | style="background:Template:Party colour"|71.15 | ||||||
| Template:Flag | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|68.91 | 28.04 | ||||||
| Template:Flag | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|64.41 | 31.88 | ||||||
| Template:Flag | 39.08 | style="background:Template:Party colour"|58.96 | ||||||
| Template:Flag | 27.66 | style="background:Template:Party colour"|70.92 | ||||||
| Template:Flag | 24.65 | style="background:Template:Party colour"|73.51 | ||||||
| Template:Flag | 34.15 | style="background:Template:Party colour"|63.98 | ||||||
| Template:Flag | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|68.50 | 29.50 | ||||||
| Template:Flag | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|62.09 | 36.37 | ||||||
| Template:Flag | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|49.12 | 45.61 | ||||||
| Template:Flag | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|84.75 | 13.41 | ||||||
| Template:Flag | 34.04 | style="background:Template:Party colour"|61.70 | ||||||
| Template:Flag | 33.33 | style="background:Template:Party colour"|64.19 | ||||||
| Template:Flag | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|64.18 | 33.10 | ||||||
| Template:Flag | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|55.93 | 41.95 | ||||||
| Template:Flag | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|68.67 | 28.76 | ||||||
| Template:Flag | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|59.22 | 38.74 | ||||||
| Template:Flag | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|50.98 | 43.13 | ||||||
| Template:Flag | 36.50 | style="background:Template:Party colour"|60.31 | ||||||
| Template:Flag | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|67.21 | 31.96 | ||||||
| Template:Flag | 17.83 | style="background:Template:Party colour"|80.79 | ||||||
| Template:Flag | 47.60 | style="background:Template:Party colour"|50.01 | ||||||
| Template:Flag | 19.20 | style="background:Template:Party colour"|79.73 | ||||||
| Template:Flag | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|59.13 | 38.11 | ||||||
| Template:Flag | 18.77 | style="background:Template:Party colour"|80.19 | ||||||
| Template:Flag | style="background:Template:Party colour; color:white"|53.84 | 38.46 | ||||||
| Source: Registraduria | ||||||||
2018
First round
| Department | Duque | Petro | Fajardo | Vargas | De la Calle | Trujillo | Morales | Blank votes | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | |||||||
| Consulates/Abroad | 152,432 | 54.68% | 34,395 | 12.33% | 73,833 | 26.48% | 10,440 | 3.74% | 4,223 | 1.51% | 398 | 0.14% | 400 | 0.14% | 2,614 | 0.93% | ||||||
| Sources: El Tiempo, Registraduría, Adam Carr | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Second round
| Department | Duque | Petro | Blank votes | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | |
| Consulates/Abroad | 180,995 | 69.91% | 69,558 | 26.86% | 8,340 | 3.22% |
| Sources: El Tiempo, Adam Carr | ||||||
2014
First round
| Department | Zuluaga | Santos | Ramírez | Obregón | Peñalosa | Blank votes | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | |
| Consulates/Abroad | 41,370 | 41.24% | 25,121 | 25.04% | 5,350 | 5.33% | 10,010 | 9.97% | 14,015 | 13.97% | 4,444 | 4.43% |
| Source: Registraduría Nacional del Estado Civil | ||||||||||||
Second round
| Department | Santos | Zuluaga | Blank votes | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | |||||||
| Consulates/Abroad | 43,870 | 39.66% | 63,887 | 57.75% | 2,851 | 2.57% | ||||||
| Source: Registraduría Nacional del Estado Civil | ||||||||||||
2006
| Department | Uribe | Gaviria | Serpa | Mockus | Pajero | Leyva | Rincón | Blank votes | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | |||||||
| Consulates/Abroad | 101,459 | 84.17% | 12,204 | 10.12% | 2,866 | 2.38% | 2,887 | 2.40% | 150 | 0.12% | 51 | 0.04% | 76 | 0.06% | 847 | 0.70 | ||||||
| Source: RNEC | ||||||||||||||||||||||
See also
References
- ↑ El gran legado de los inmigrantes en Colombia, Semana. Semana.com Últimas Noticias de Colombia y el Mundo(2017-08-12). Retrieved 2022-02-21.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Admixture in Latin America: Geographic Structure, Phenotypic Diversity and Self-Perception of Ancestry Based on 7,342 Individuals. PLOS Genetics({Template:Date).
- ↑ COLOMBIA UNA NACIÓN MULTICULTURAL. DANE - El Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística. Retrieved 21 January 2018.
- ↑ News & Events - Irlandeses en Colombia y Antioquia - Department of Foreign Affairs. www.dfa.ie. Retrieved 2022-09-07.
- ↑ Estos fueron los primeros alemanes en Colombia. Revista Diners | Revista Colombiana de Cultura y Estilo de Vida(2019-06-10). Retrieved 2021-12-18.
- ↑ Los otros, sin patria: italianos en el litoral Caribe de Colombia a comienzos del siglo XX. Caravelle. Cahiers du monde hispanique et luso-brésilien({Template:Date).
- ↑ Conozca a los inmigrantes europeos que se quedaron en Colombia. Revista Diners | Revista Colombiana de Cultura y Estilo de Vida(2020-07-02). Retrieved 2022-02-21.
- ↑ "En una ciudad gris y silenciosa": la migración francesa en Bogotá (1900-1920). Anuario de Historia Regional y de las Fronteras({Template:Date).
- ↑ Del este de Europa, al Sur de América: Migraciones Soviéticas y Post Soviéticas a la Ciudad de Bucaramanga, Santander. Retrieved 2021-12-18.
- ↑ Inmigración lituana en Colombia. La migración de los lituanos a Colombia tuvo lugar por primera vez durante la década de 1940, cuando la mayoría de los ciudadan. ww.es.freejournal.org. Retrieved 2021-12-18.
- ↑ Colombia y Europa Oriental en la serie documental Inmigrantes. Retrieved 21 February 2022.
- ↑ Geoportal del DANE - Geovisor CNPV 2018. geoportal.dane.gov.co. Retrieved 2021-08-05.
- ↑ Genetic Make Up and Structure of Colombian Populations by Means of Uniparental and Biparental DNA Markers. American Journal of Physical Anthropology({Template:Date).
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 Poblacion Indigena de Columbia. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedRaza/Etnia a la que pertenece - ↑ La etnia Wayuu. Retrieved 29 February 2008.
- ↑ La visibilización estadística de los grupos étnicos colombianos. Retrieved 10 December 2022.
- ↑ Colombia: People 2019, DANE. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
- ↑ Understanding the Hidden Complexity of Latin American Population Isolates. American Journal of Human Genetics({Template:Date).
- ↑ Genomic Insights into the Ancestry and Demographic History of South America. PLOS Genetics({Template:Date).
- ↑ Afro-Colombians. Minority Rights Group(2015-06-19). Retrieved 2022-12-31.
- ↑ lb1. ImgBB. Retrieved 2022-12-31.
- ↑ Template:Cite encyclopedia
- ↑ Research Guides: African Diaspora in the Americas and the Caribbean: Resistance, Culture and Survival: Getting Started, Kale, Esmeralda. libguides.northwestern.edu. Retrieved 2022-12-31.
- ↑ Aumenta El Numero De Inmigrantes Venezolanos En Colombia 017591. Ntn24.com. Retrieved 10 August 2017.
- ↑ The Languages of Colombia. Ethnologue (Free All). Retrieved 16 May 2010.
- ↑ Native languages of Colombia. lenguasdecolombia.gov.co. Retrieved 25 March 2014.
- ↑ Colombian Constitution of 1991 (Title II - Concerning rights, guarantees, and duties - Chapter 2 - Concerning social, economic and cultural rights - Article 67)
- ↑ Ministerio de Educación de Colombia, Estructura del sistema educativo(29 June 2007).
- ↑ UNESCO Institute for Statistics Colombia Profile. Uis.unesco.org. Retrieved 27 June 2014.
- ↑ Del monopolio católico a la explosión pentecostal'{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas, Centro de Estudios Sociales (CES), Maestría en Sociología(2013). ISBN 978-958-761-465-7
- ↑ Descripción cuantitativa de la pluralización religiosa en Colombia. Universitas humanística 73 (2012): 201–238. – bdigital.unal.edu.co. Retrieved 30 March 2014.
- ↑ Religion in Latin America, Widespread Change in a Historically Catholic Region. Pewforum.org. Pew Research Center(13 November 2014). Retrieved 27 March 2016.
- ↑ Colombian Constitution of 1991 (Title II – Concerning rights, guarantees, and duties – Chapter I – Concerning fundamental rights – Article 19)
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