Father of the Nation

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File:Gilbert Stuart Williamstown Portrait of George Washington.jpg
George Washington, commander of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, president of the Constitutional Convention, and the first president of the United States, is commonly considered the Father of the Nation in the United States.

The Father of the Nation is an honorific title given to a person considered the driving force behind the establishment of a country, state, or nation. Pater Patriae was a Roman honorific meaning the "Father of the Fatherland", bestowed by the Senate on heroes, and later on emperors. In monarchies, the monarch is often considered the "father/mother of the nation" or as a patriarch to guide his family. This concept is expressed in the divine right of kings espoused in some monarchies, while in others it is codified into constitutional law.

In the United States, George Washington, commander of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, president of the Constitutional Convention, and the first president of the United States, is commonly considered the Father of the Nation. In Spain, the monarch is considered the personification and embodiment, the symbol of unity and permanence of the nation. In Thailand, the monarch is given the same recognition, and any person who expresses disrespect toward the reigning monarch faces severe criminal penalties.

Many dictators bestow titles upon themselves, which rarely survive the end of their regime. Gnassingbé Eyadéma of Togo's titles included "father of the nation", "older brother", and "Guide of the People".[1] Mobutu Sese Seko, president of Zaire from 1971 to 1997, was referred to as "Father of the nation", "the Guide", "the Messiah", "the Leopard", "the Sun-President", and "the Cock who Jumps on Anything That Moves".[2] In postcolonial Africa, "father of the nation" was a title used by many leaders both to refer to their role in the independence movement as a source of legitimacy, and to use paternalist symbolism as a source of continued popularity.[3] On Joseph Stalin's seventieth birthday in 1949, he was bestowed with the title "Father of Nations" for his establishment of "people's democracies" in countries occupied by the USSR after World War II.[4]

The title "Father of the Nation" is sometimes politically contested. The 1972 Constitution of Bangladesh declared Sheikh Mujibur Rahman to be "father of the nation".[5] A motion in the Parliament of Slovakia to proclaim controversial pre-war leader Andrej Hlinka "father of the nation" barely failed in September 2007.[6]

List

The following people are still often called the "Father" or "Mother" of their respective nations.

Name Nation Title (native) Title (translation) Notes
Ahmad Shah Durrani Template:Flag Ahmad Shāh Baba Ahmad Shah the Father[7][8][9] Founder of the Afghan Durrani Empire
Mohammad Zahir Shah Baba-e-Millat Father of the Nation Last and longest-reigning king of Afghanistan (1933–1973)[10][11]
Skanderbeg Template:Flag Template:Lang
Template:Lang 		National Hero
Dragon of Albania 		Resisted the Ottoman conquest of Albania and delayed Ottoman advances into Western Europe
Ismail Kemal Template:Lang Father of the Nation Led the Albanian national movement against the Ottoman Empire
Ahmed Ben Bella Template:Flag أبو الأمة ('abu al'uma) Father of the Nation First President of Algeria and first Prime Minister of Algeria
Agostinho Neto Template:Flag Pai da Nação Father of the Nation Leader of the MPLA during the Angolan War of Independence and the first President of Angola.
V. C. Bird Template:Flag Father of the Nation Father of the Nation First prime minister of Antigua and Barbuda and founder of the Antigua and Barbuda Labour Party.[12]
José de San Martín Template:Flag
Template:Flag
Template:Flagicon Peru 		Template:Lang[13] Father of the Fatherland /
Founder of the Republic and Protector of Peru 		Primary leader of the Argentine War of Independence and the Spanish American wars of independence in southern South America
María Remedios del Valle Template:Flag Template:Lang Mother of the Homeland Important officer in the Argentine Army during the War of Independence, referred to as the "Mother of the Homeland" since her lifetime. In 1829, the Chamber of Representatives of the province of Buenos Aires named her "Mother of the Homeland" and granted her the position of sergeant major.[14][15]
Template:Lang (Hayk) Template:Flag Template:Lang (Template:Transliteration) Head of the Family
Patriarch 		Legendary founder of the Armenian nation
Sir Henry Parkes, Template:Post-nominals Template:Flag Father of Federation Father of Federation Gave the Tenterfield Oration, which is believed to be pivotal in the process of the Federation of Australia.
Mahammad Amin Rasulzade

Template:Flag

Template:Lang Father of the Nation The founder of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, considered by many to be the founding father of the nation.[16]
Heydar Aliyev Template:Lang Great Leader 3rd President of Azerbaijan from 1993 to his death in 2003, considered the founder of the modern Azerbaijani state.[17]
Sir Lynden Pindling Template:Flag Father of the Nation Father of the Nation Leader at independence in 1973.[18]
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Template:Flag Template:Lang (Template:Transliteration) Founding president / Architecture of Independence Founding leader of Bangladesh. Leader during the Bangladesh Liberation War.[19][20][21]
Errol Barrow Template:Flag Father of Independence Father of Independence The third and final premier of Barbados, serving from 1961 to 1966, who lead Barbados to independence from the British Empire in 1966. He became the first prime minister and served three terms (1966–76, 1986–87) dying in office of illness during his third.[22]
Konstanty Kalinowski Template:Flag Template:Lang (Template:Transliteration) Creator of the Belarusian Nation Used among other titles. Military and political leader during the January Uprising.[23][24] Usage opposed by those who view Kalinowski's nationality as Polish, rather than Belarusian.[25]
George Cadle Price Template:Flag Father of the Nation Father of the Nation Former Chief Minister, Premier and two-term Prime Minister before retiring in 1997.[26][27]
Simón Bolívar Template:Flag
Template:Flag
Template:Flag
Template:Flag
Template:Flag
Template:Flag 		Template:Lang The Liberator Primary leader of the Spanish American wars of independence in northern South America.
Seretse Khama Template:Flag Rra Boipuso Father of Independence Leader of the independence movement and first President of Botswana. Creator of democracy in Botswana
Dom Pedro I, Maria Leopoldina of Austria and José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva Template:Flag Template:Lang Father of the Nation and Patriarch of Independence Founder and the first Emperor of Brazil (1822) during the independence of Brazil. Maria Leopoldina was the first Empress of Brazil. Bonifácio was the advisor of Pedro I.
Omar Ali Saifuddien III Template:Flag Arkitek Brunei Moden
Pembina Negara Moden
Bapa Kemerdekaan 		Architect of Modern Brunei. Builder of the Modern Nation and Father of Independence 28th Sultan of Brunei and First Minister of Defence (1914–1986).
Vasil Levski Template:Flag Апостола на свободата (Apostola na svobodata) Apostle of Freedom Main revolutionary who fought for the independence of Bulgaria from Ottoman rule
Thomas Sankara Template:Flag Père de la nation
Héros du Burkina Faso 		Father of The Nation and Hero of Burkina Faso First president of Burkina Faso. Renamed the country from Upper Volta to Burkina Faso and writer of the national anthem, Ditanyè.
Louis Rwagasore Template:Flag Père de l'indépendance Father of Independence Burundi independence movement leader, second and youngest Prime Minister of Burundi and Crown Prince of the Kingdom of Burundi.
Norodom Sihanouk Template:Flag Template:Lang (Template:Transliteration) King Father Secured independence from France.
John A. Macdonald and the other Fathers of Confederation Template:Flag Fathers of Confederation
Template:Lang 		Father of Confederation The 36 Canadian politicians who negotiated Canadian Confederation
Bernardo O'Higgins Template:Flag Template:Lang Father of the fatherland Principal leader of the Chilean War of Independence
Sun Yat-sen Template:Flag Template:Lang (Template:Transliteration) Father of the Nation Sun played an instrumental role in the overthrow of the Qing dynasty during the Xinhai Revolution. The Nationalist government decreed the title in 1940.[28] Sun is more widely known in the People's Republic of China as the "Forerunner of the Revolution".[29]
José María Castro Madriz Template:Flag Template:Lang Founder of the Republic First President of the Republic of Costa Rica.[30]
Ante Starčević Template:Flag Template:Lang Father of the Homeland His diverse activities and works laid the foundations for the modern Croatian state.[31]
Carlos Manuel de Céspedes Template:Flag Template:Lang Father of the Fatherland[32] Leader of the first Cuban independence movement which fought the Ten Years' War.
Archbishop Makarios III Template:Flag Template:Lang (Template:Transliteration) Ethnarch First and longest President of Cyprus, leader of Greek Cypriot nationalist movement during Cypriot intercommunal violence
Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor Template:Flag Template:Lang Father of the Homeland King of Bohemia. Title coined by the rector of the Charles University of Prague at the emperor's funeral.[33]
František Palacký Template:Lang Father of the Nation Politician and historian, influential in Czech National Revival movement.[33] Whereas Template:Lang "homeland" included all inhabitants, Template:Lang "nation" comprised only Czech people.[34]
Tomáš Masaryk Template:Lang /
Template:Lang 		Father of the Fatherland / President Liberator First President of Czechoslovakia, helped negotiate establishment of Czechoslovakia with the Allies of World War I.[33][35]Template:Clarification needed
Juan Pablo Duarte Template:Flag Template:Lang Father of the Fatherland Foremost of the founding fathers of the Dominican Republic and the key leader responsible for shaping the modern revolutionary ideology that opposed all foreign rule.
Pedro Santana Template:Lang Liberator of the Fatherland Served as the first President of the Dominican Republic and helped free the country from Haitian rule.
Presbyter, Dr. José Matías Delgado Template:Flag Template:Lang Father of the fatherland One of the founding fathers of El Salvador, and principal leader of the First Shout of Independence.[36]
Ilia Chavchavadze Template:Flag Template:Lang (Template:Transliteration)
Template:Lang (Template:TransliterationTemplate:Not a typo) 		The Crownless King / Father of the Nation Promoted Georgian language, literature, culture, and church autocephaly under imperial Russian rule.
Members of the Parlamentarischer Rat Template:Flag Template:Lang Fathers and mothers of the Basic Law Drafted the Basic Law, the constitution of (then West) Germany
Kwame Nkrumah Template:Flag Template:Lang Father of the nation First president and prime minister of Ghana during decolonization, the first country in Sub-Saharan Africa to achieve full independence.
Alexander the Great Template:Flag Template:Lang (Template:Transliteration) Father of the Greeks Founder of the Macedonian Empire responsible for spreading Greek culture during the Hellenistic period.
Sir Eric Gairy Template:Flag Father of Independence Father of Independence First Prime Minister of Grenada. Secured independence from the United Kingdom
Cheddi Jagan Template:Flag Father of the Nation Father of the Nation President of Guyana from 1992 to 1997.
Jean-Jacques Dessalines and Toussaint Louverture[37][38] Template:Flag Template:Lang Father of the Fatherland Primary leaders of the Haitian Revolution.
Dionisio de Herrera Template:Flag Padre de la Patria Father of the Fatherland First Head of State of Honduras within the Federal Republic of Central America
Árpád Template:Flag Template:Lang Founder of the Homeland Second Grand Prince of the Hungarians, leader of the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian basin.
Mahatma Gandhi Template:Flag Template:Lang (Rashtrapita)
Bapu (Father) 		Father of the Nation[39][40] Leader of the Indian independence movement from British Raj.
Soepomo
Mohammad Yamin
Sukarno
Mohammad Hatta
Sutan Sjahrir 		Template:Flag Template:Lang
Template:Lang
Template:Lang 		Father(s) of the Nation
The Proclamators
Duumvirate 		Main leaders of the Indonesian National Revolution, wrote and signed the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence, as well as served as the first President and Vice President of Indonesia, respectively.
Cyrus the Great Template:Flag (Persia) Shahanshah King of Kings The founder of the first Persian Empire
David Ben-Gurion Template:Flag Israel's founding father[41] Father of the Nation Formally proclaimed the establishment of Israel and served as its first prime minister
Theodor Herzl Template:Lang (Template:Transliteration, Template:Lit) Spiritual Father of the Jewish State[42] Father of modern political Zionism
Julius Caesar Template:Flag Pater Patriae Father of the Fatherland Gave the Roman citizenship to all the inhabitants of the Italian Peninsula
Augustus Pater Patriae Father of the Fatherland Gave administrative unity to the Italian Peninsula, by defining the regions of Roman Italy.
Template:Plainlist Template:Lang Father of the Fatherland Authors of Italian unification[43][44][45]
Kerei Khan and Janibek Khan Template:Flag Template:Lang (Template:Lang) Founders Founders and first rulers of the Kazakh Khanate, who led the Kazakh War of Independence against the Uzbek Khanate and established the first independent Kazakh state.[46]
Jomo Kenyatta Template:Flag Template:Lang Father of the Nation/Freedom Fighter First President of Kenya from 1963 to his death in 1978 who helped create the Kenyan Constitution.
Ibrahim Rugova Template:Flag Ati Themeltar[47]
Template:Lang[48] 		Founding Father
Father of the Nation 		First president of the First Republic of Kosovo. President of Serbian Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metochia under UN administration after the Kosovo War.
Muammar Gaddafi Template:Flag أبو الأمة ('abu al'uma) Father of the Nation Leader of Libya from 1969 to 2011. He styled himself as the Father of the Nation, in addition to using other titles.[49][50] He was also styled as such by Libyan state media.[51]
Jonas Basanavičius Template:Flag Template:Lang Patriarch of the Nation Various cultural activities during the Lithuanian National Revival.[52]
Tunku Abdul Rahman Template:Flag Template:Plainlist Template:Plainlist The first Prime Minister of Malaysia. A prince from the Kedah Sultanate, the Cambridge-educated Tunku led the negotiated independence of Federation of Malaya from the British Empire in 1957. Later formed Malaysia through the union of Peninsular Malaya, Singapore, North Borneo and Sarawak in 1963.
Giorgio Borġ Olivier Template:Flag Template:Lang Father of Independent Malta First post-independence Prime Minister of Malta between 1950–1955 and 1962–1971.
Dom Mintoff Template:Plainlist Template:Plainlist A Maltese statesman and leading politician. He twice served as Prime Minister of Malta (from 1955 to 1958, and from 1974 to 1984) as the Leader of the Labour Party, a position he held from 1949 to 1984. In 1974, with him as Prime Minister, Malta negotiated a series of constitutional reforms leading to the establishment of the Maltese Republic and the removal of the British monarch as head of state. In 1979, the last Royal Navy ships left Malta, marking the country's transformation into a fully independent nation. Mintoff is also credited with the establishment of the Maltese welfare state and the socialist-style nationalisation and collectivisation of various key industries.
Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam Template:Flag Father of the Nation Father of the Nation[53] First post-independence Prime Minister, in 1968.
Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla Template:Flag Template:Lang[54] Father of the Mexican Nation[55] First revolutionary leader in the Mexican War of Independence.
Genghis Khan Template:Flag Template:Lang (Template:Transliteration) Father of the Mongols, Founding Father of Mongolia[56] After unifying the many nomadic tribes of northeastern Asian steppe peoples, Genghis Khan founded the Mongol Empire and became the first Great Khan and Emperor. He eventually led a conquest of the majority of Eurasia, and his unified homeland would become Mongolia.
Mohammed V Template:Flag Template:Lang (Template:Transliteration) Father of the Nation[57][58] King of Morocco during its independence in 1956, seen by most Moroccans as Father of the Nation.[59]
Aung San Template:Flag Template:Plainlist Father of Nation,[60][61]
Father of Independence,
Father of Tatmadaw (Burmese Army) 		He was the founder of Tatmadaw (Burmese Army) and he was the 5th Prime Minister of Burma during the British Era from 1946 to 1947. He was instrumental in Myanmar's struggle for independence from British rule, but he was assassinated just six months before his goal was realized.
Sam Nujoma Template:Flag Founding Father of the Namibian Nation Founding Father of the Namibian Nation Primary leader of SWAPO during the South African Border War and first President of Namibia, 1990–2005; title conferred by Act of Parliament in 2005.[62][63]
Prithvi Narayan Shah Template:Flag Template:Lang (Template:Translit) Father of the Nation King of Nepal during the Unification of Nepal.
William the Silent Template:Flag Template:Lang Father of the Fatherland Leader of the successful Dutch Revolt against the Spanish Empire, which led to the Dutch Republic, the first independent Dutch state.[64]
Diriangén[65] Template:Flag Padre de la Patria Nicaragüense Father of the Nicaraguan Fatherland Native Nicaraguan tribal leader
José Núñez Salvador de la Patria[66] Savior of the Fatherland First president of independent Nicaragua following its secession from the Federal Republic of Central America.
Nnamdi Azikiwe Template:Flag Father of Nigerian Nationalism Father of Nigerian Nationalism First president of Nigeria when it became a republic on 1 October 1963, and was the last governor general of Nigeria.
Krste Misirkov Template:Flag Template:Lang (Template:Lang) Father of the Nation Prominent linguist, writer and activist.
Einar Gerhardsen Template:Flag Template:Lang Father of the Nation First post–World War II prime minister of Norway.[67]
Kim Il Sung Template:Flag Template:Lang (Template:Transliteration) Eternal Leader Founder of the North Korean state, progenitor of Juche, and General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea from 1949 to 1994.[68]
Qaboos bin Said Template:Flag Template:Lang (Template:Transliteration) Father of the Nation Sultan from 1970 to 2020, transitioned the country to independence from Britain and promulgated the Basic Statute of Oman.[69][70][71]
Muhammad Ali Jinnah Template:Flag Template:Plainlist Father of the Nation

Great Leader

Led the Pakistan Movement and served as the first governor-general of Pakistan.
Yasser Arafat Template:Flag أبو فلسطين ('abu filastin) The Father of Palestine[72] Led the Palestinian liberation movement and served as president of the State of Palestine from 1994 to 2004.
Sir Michael Somare Template:Flag Template:Lang[73] Father of the Nation Leader at independence in 1975; also known as "the chief" and "the old man".[74]
Emilio Aguinaldo Template:Flag Template:Lang First President of the Philippines Military Leader of the Philippine Revolution and the First President of the Philippines through the 1899 Malolos Congress, which oversaw the promulgation of the Malolos Constitution. His birthday, 22 March 1869, is celebrated as Emilio Aguinaldo Day.
Andrés Bonifacio Template:Lang Father of the Revolution Political Leader of the Philippine Revolution, which saw armed resistance against the Spanish Empire. His birthday, 30 November 1863, is a national holiday.
José Rizal Template:Lang National Hero Colloquially known as the "National Hero". Rizal's works and writings–which helped start the Philippine Revolution–are part of the national curriculum as mandated by Republic Act No. 1425. The anniversary of his 30 December 1896 execution by the Spanish colonial government is a national holiday.[75]
Ignacy Daszyński, Roman Dmowski, Wojciech Korfanty, Ignacy Jan Paderewski, Józef Piłsudski, Wincenty Witos Template:Flag Template:Lang, Template:Lang Fathers of Independence, Fathers of Reborn Poland After World War I six fathers of independence jointly took advantage of the favorable conditions and led to the birth of the Second Polish Republic.[76]
Mieszko I Template:Lang Founder of the Polish state Mieszko I united slavic tribes of Poland, baptized the country and became the first historical ruler of Poland.
Template:Lang Afonso I of Portugal Template:Flag Template:Lang Founder of Nationhood
a.k.a. The Conqueror 		Founder and first King of Portugal (1139), recognized by the Holy See in 1179.
Peter I of Russia Template:Flag Template:Lang (Template:Transliteration) Father of the Fatherland Was granted the title in 1721 by the Governing Senate, along with "Emperor of Russia" and "The Great".[77]
Sir John Compton Template:Flag Father of the Nation Father of the Nation Prime Minister at independence in 1979. Also known as "Daddy Compton".[78]
Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia Template:Flag Template:Lang (Template:Transliteration)/Template:Lang (Template:Transliteration) Father of the Nation/The Founder Unified the tribes of the Arabian Peninsula and established the modern Saudi state. He descended from the noble House of Saud, the dynasty which had ruled most of Arabia in the 18th century. His son King Salman is the current head of state of Saudi Arabia. Five other older sons – Saud, Faisal, Khalid, Fahd and Abdullah – served as former heads of state.
Donald Dewar Template:Flag Father of the Nation Father of the Nation The inaugural holder of the office of First Minister of Scotland following the reconvening of the Scottish Parliament in 1999.[79] He is known as the Father of the Nation for his role in overseeing the introduction of Scottish devolution.[80]
Saint Sava Template:Flag Template:Lang (Template:Lang)[81] Father of the Fatherland Founder of the Serbian Orthodox Church.
Karađorđe and Miloš the Great Template:Lang (Template:Lang)[82][83] Father of the Nation Leaders of the First and Second Serbian Uprising during the Serbian Revolution.
Dobrica Ćosić Template:Lang (Template:Lang)[84][85] Father of the Nation Yugoslav and Serbian politician, writer, and political theorist.
Lee Kuan Yew Template:Flag 国父 (Guófù) Father of Singapore First Prime Minister of the Republic of Singapore, governing for over 30 years. Leading figure throughout Singapore's time as a part of Malaysia and its later independence.
Ľudovít Štúr Template:Flag Template:Lang Father of the Nation[86] Led the Slovak national revival in the 19th century, codified the modern Slovak literary language, and spearheaded the counter-revolutionary Slovak Uprising against the Hungarian Revolution of 1848.
Primož Trubar and Janez Bleiweis Template:Flag Template:Lang Father of the Nation A consolidator of Slovene and the author of the first Slovene printed book (Trubar) and a politician, national awakener and promotor of the United Slovenia political program (Bleiweis).
Mohammed Abdullah Hassan Template:Flag Aabaha aabaha Father of the fatherland The emir of Dervish and Diiriye Guure.[87]
Nelson Mandela Template:Flag Template:Lang Our Father Primary leader of internal resistance to apartheid as chairman of the African National Congress, and first President of post-apartheid South Africa.[88]
Catholic Monarchs (Ferdinand and Isabella) Template:Flag Template:Lang Catholic Monarchs of the Kingdoms of Castille and Aragon The unifiers of Spain. They unified the territories of Castille, Aragon and Al-Andalus, all the territories of the Iberian Peninsula, except Portugal. During their reign America was discovered and started the Spanish Empire.
Don Stephen Senanayake Template:Flag Template:Lang (Template:Transliteration) Father of the Nation First Prime Minister, from 1947 to 1952.[89]
Johan Ferrier Template:Flag Template:Lang Father of the Nation First president after the independence of the country in 1975 (the term Template:Lang has its roots in the Netherlands).
Gustav I of Sweden Template:Flag Template:Lang Father of the Nation Led Sweden out of the Kalmar Union.
Per Albin Hansson[90] Template:Lang Father of the Nation Prime Minister 1932–1946 and founder of The People's Home.
Julius Nyerere Template:Flag Template:Lang Father of the Nation First President of Tanzania.[91]
Henry Alcazar, Victor Bryan, Tubal Uriah Butler, Rudranath Capildeo, Simbhoonath Capildeo, Arthur Andrew Cipriani, Albert Gomes, Solomon Hochoy, A. P. T. James, Audrey Jeffers, Ranjit Kumar, Emmanuel Mzumbo Lazare, Chanka Maharaj, Bhadase Sagan Maraj, Quintin O'Connor, Michael Pocock, Adrian Cola Rienzi (Krishna Deonarine), Alfred Richards, Harold Robinson, Timothy Roodal, Lionel Seukeran, Ashford Sinanan, Mitra Sinanan, Sarran Teelucksingh, Louis de Verteuil, Gerald Wight, Eric Williams, Hugh Wooding[92] Template:Flag Moulders of the Nation Moulders of the Nation[92] They helped shape the country's future as an independent nation and laid the foundation of democracy.[92]
Eric Williams Father of the Nation Father of the Nation First and three-term Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago from 1956 to his death in 1981, first Premier of Trinidad and Tobago from 1961 to 1966, second Chief Minister of Trinidad and Tobago from 1956 to 1961, founder of the People's National Movement (PNM) and was instrumental in writing the Trinidad and Tobago constitution and gaining the country independence and republicanism from British rule.[93][94]
Habib Bourguiba Template:Flag Template:Lang (Template:Transliteration) The Supreme Warrior Father of the independence of Tunisia and first President of Tunisia. He led the Tunisian national movement against the French colonial empire. After Tunisian independence, he founded a modern state, built schools and hospitals and gave the Tunisian women rights that are still unique in the Arab World today.
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk Template:Flag Template:Lang Father of the Turks (always used as a last name and not a title proper) Founder of the Republic of Turkey and first President of Turkey. He led the Turkish national movement in the Turkish War of Independence, and enacted the reforms that made Turkey a democratic nation-state. Granted in accordance with the 1934 Surname Law establishing surnames in Turkey.[95]
Saparmurat Niyazov Template:Flag Template:Lang Father of the Turkmen Inaugural president as well as president for life of Turkmenistan, he ruled the country with an iron fist from 1991 to 2006.
Bohdan Khmelnytsky Template:Flag Батько нації (Batʹko natsiyi) Father of the Nation Leader of the Khmelnytsky Uprising against the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and founder of the Cossack Hetmanate, the first independent Ukrainian state.
Taras Shevchenko Батько нації (Batʹko natsiyi) Father of the Nation[96] Preserver of Ukrainian language and literature from Russification during Tsarist rule.
Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan Template:Flag Template:Lang (Template:Transliteration) Father of the Nation President of the UAE for its first 33 years (1971–2004).[97][98]
George Washington, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, John Jay, Alexander Hamilton, Benjamin Franklin and other Signers and Framers Template:Flag Founding Fathers Founding Fathers[99][100] The Signers signed the United States Declaration of Independence in 1776. The Framers were delegates to the Constitutional Convention and took part in framing or drafting the proposed United States Constitution.
George Washington Father of His Country Father of His Country[101][102] George Washington is particularly highlighted out of the Founding Fathers of the United States as being the "father of his country"[101][102] for his role as the commander-in-chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, his resignation of command at the end of the war, the presidency of the Constitutional Convention and for his tenure (and voluntary retirement) as the first President of the United States.
José Gervasio Artigas Template:Flag Template:Lang, Template:Lang[103] Father of Uruguayan independence, Defender of the Free and Chief of the eastern people[104] Fought against the Spanish Royalists for independence in the Río de la Plata.
Ho Chi Minh Template:Flag Template:Lang Father of the people Leader of the Viet Minh, who fought for independence from France in the First Indochina War and decisively defeated them at the bloody Battle of Dien Bien Phu, resulting in the establishment of an independent Democratic Republic of Vietnam in the north of the country in 1954. Vietnam would eventually be united under Communist Party of Vietnam rule after his death with the Fall of Saigon at the end of the Vietnam War in 1975.
Rhodri Morgan Template:Flag Tad y Genedl[105] Father of the Nation First Minister of Wales from 2000 to 2009. He is credited with stabilising Welsh devolution after the short and unstable premiership of his predecessor, the first First Minister Alun Michael.[106][107][108]
El-Ouali Mustapha Sayed Template:Flag أبو الأمة ('abu al'uma) Father of the Nation Leader of the Polisario Front, First President of the SADR. Fought against Spanish colonial army & against the invasion of the Moroccan and Mauritanian armies in the Western Sahara conflict.
Kenneth Kaunda Template:Flag Template:Lang Father of the nation First president of Zambia from 1964 to 1991. He founded the Zambian African National Congress (ANC), later becoming the head of the United National Independence Party (UNIP) which led to attaining independence.

See also

References

  1. ↑ The Post-colonial Question{{#if:Triulzi|, Triulzi}. Routledge(1996). ISBN 0-415-10857-8
  2. ↑ The Tragic State of the Congo: From Decolonization to Dictatorship{{#if:Haskin|, Haskin}. Algora Publishing(2005). ISBN 0-87586-417-1
  3. ↑ Political Legitimacy in Middle Africa: Father, Family, Food{{#if:Schatzberg|, Schatzberg}. Indiana University Press(2001). ISBN 0-253-33992-8
  4. ↑ The Spring Will be Ours: Poland and the Poles from Occupation to Freedom{{#if:Paczkowski|, Paczkowski}. Penn State Press(2003). ISBN 0-271-02308-2
  5. ↑ Country profile: Bangladesh. BBC News. Retrieved 2008-11-09.
  6. ↑ 2007 was turbulent for the ruling coalition. The Slovak Spectator(2007-12-17). Retrieved 2008-11-09.
  7. ↑ Ahmad Shah Durrani: Father of Modern Afghanistan{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}. Asia Pub. House(1959). ISBN 978-1-4021-7278-6
  8. ↑ Ahmad Shah and the Durrani Empire. Library of Congress Country Studies on Afghanistan. Retrieved 2010-08-25.
  9. ↑ Template:Cite encyclopedia
  10. ↑ Encyclopædia Britannica, "Mohammad Zahir Shah"
  11. ↑ Lawless Libya can unite behind a new king. The Daily Telegraph(24 June 2016). Retrieved 12 October 2024.
  12. ↑ A&B celebrates the Father of the Nation. Antigua and Barbuda Observer(10 December 2020). Retrieved 12 October 2024.
  13. ↑ Argentina - José de San Martín. www.argentina.ar. Retrieved 2025-07-16.
  14. ↑ María Remedios del Valle, la "Madre de la Patria". Museo Nacional del Cabildo de Buenos Aires y de la Revolución de Mayo. Ministerio de Cultura(13 May 2019).
  15. ↑ Remedios del Valle, la "Madre de la Patria" que luchó junto a Belgrano y terminó como mendiga, Pignatelli, Adrián. Infobae(8 November 2022).
  16. ↑ https://eurasianet.org/cancellation-of-azerbaijani-historical-biopic-sparks-controversy
  17. ↑ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/3170536.stm Template:Bare URL inline
  18. ↑ The death of Jeffrey Thompson. Freeport News(20 March 2008). Retrieved 2009-01-17.
  19. ↑ Ode to the father: Bangladesh's political personality cult. France 24(4 January 2024).
  20. ↑ 'Father' of Bangladesh. The New York Times(1975-01-27). Retrieved 2019-05-18.
  21. ↑ Immortal Bangabandhu. Daily Sun(15 August 2023).
  22. ↑ Celebrating The Life Of Errol Walton Barrow, BGIS. GIS(2024-01-21). Retrieved 2024-07-31.
  23. ↑ Каліноўскі быў беларусам. Даказаць адваротнае немагчыма. Novy Chas(22 March 2021). Retrieved 11 August 2023.
  24. ↑ Каліноўскі і мы. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty(22 January 2013). Retrieved 11 August 2023.
  25. ↑ Кім быў Кастусь Каліноўскі?. Polskie Radio(3 April 2009). Retrieved 11 August 2023.
  26. ↑ Rt. Hon. George Price. CARICOM.com(20 March 2008). Retrieved 2009-01-30.
  27. ↑ The Father of the Nation Turns 90(16 January 2009). Retrieved 2009-05-13.Template:Dead link
  28. ↑ 至樂齋詩抄 第二部{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}. 新華出版社(2015). ISBN 978-7-5166-1604-8
  29. ↑ 少数民族入主中国史略{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}. Lulu.com(2017). ISBN 978-1-387-25535-1
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  31. ↑ Povijest Oca domovine. Croatian Party of Rights Dr. Ante Starčević. Retrieved 2010-05-18.His works are considered to have laid the foundations for Croatian nationalism and he is often referred to as "Father of the Homeland" by Croats.
  32. ↑ Cuba commemorates the 136 anniversary of the beginning of its wars of independence, Hautrive, Iliana. Trabajadores(2004-10-10). Retrieved 2009-01-16.
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 From Good King Wenceslas to the Good Soldier Švejk: A Dictionary of Czech Popular Culture{{#if:Roberts|, Roberts}. Central European University Press(2005). ISBN 963-7326-26-X
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  35. ↑ Preclík, Vratislav. Masaryk a legie (Masaryk and legions), váz. kniha, 219 pages, first issue vydalo nakladatelství Paris Karviná, Žižkova 2379 (734 01 Karvina, Czech Republic) ve spolupráci s Masarykovým demokratickým hnutím (Masaryk Democratic Movement, Prague), 2019, Template:ISBN, pages 36 – 39, 41 – 42, 106 – 107, 111–112, 124–125, 128, 129, 132, 140–148, 184–199.
  36. ↑ Presbítero y Dr. José Matías Delgado, Prócer Centroamericano{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}. National Council for Culture and Art (CONCULTURA)(2000)
  37. ↑ Toussaint Louverture, In the Name of Dignity. A Look at the Trajectory of the Precursor of Independence of Haiti. Études caribéennes({Template:Date).
  38. ↑ Identity and Ideology in Haiti: The Children of Sans Souci, Dessalines/Toussaint, and Pétion{{#if:Mocombe|, Mocombe}. Routledge(2018)
  39. ↑ Gandhi Jayanti 2021: Inspirational quotes by 'Father of the Nation' Mahatma Gandhi. Firstpost(2 October 2021). Retrieved 15 October 2021.
  40. ↑ Mahatma Gandhi was never declared 'Father of Nation', reveals RTI reply. The Times of India(20 January 2020).
  41. ↑ 1973: Israel's founding father dies(1 December 1973). Retrieved 31 August 2018.
  42. ↑ Declaration of Establishment of State of Israel. Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs(May 14, 1948).
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  46. ↑ On the Foundation of the Kazakh Khanate. e-history.kz(2018-10-13). Retrieved 2023-10-07.
  47. ↑ Presidentja Osmani: Sot është Dita e Presidentit, e vendosur si e tillë nga Presidenti ynë historik Dr.Ibrahim Rugova, ati themeltar i Republikës sonë. President of Kosovo(24 May 2025).
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  54. ↑ El Grito, una tradición popular mexicana sin dueño(2007-09-15). Retrieved 2009-02-07.
  55. ↑ Dictionary of Mexican Rulers, 1325–1997{{#if:Vazquez-Gomez|, Vazquez-Gomez}. Greenwood Publishing Group, Incorporated(1997). ISBN 978-0-313-30049-3
  56. ↑ "Genghis Khan". North Georgia College and State University. Archived from the original on 6 March 2010. Retrieved 26 January 2010.
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  62. ↑ Conferment of Status of Founding Father of the Namibian Nation Act, 2005. Southern African Legal Information Institute. Government Gazette of the Republic of Namibia(29 December 2005). Retrieved 10 February 2025.
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  65. ↑ Dirianghen: padre de la patria nicaragüense{{#if:Ortiz Nuñez|, Ortiz Nuñez}. Tipografía Brenes(1953)
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  79. ↑ Remembering Donad Dewar: the Glasgow politician who became 'Father of the Nation'. Glasgow Times(12 October 2020). Retrieved 11 April 2023.
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  83. ↑ Posle četrdeset godina: u spomen proslave četrdesetogodišnjice Sv. Andrejske velike narodne skupštine{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}. U Drž. štamp. Kralj. Srbije(1901)
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  94. ↑ Dr. Eric Williams: The Father of the Nation. Caribbean Life News(2018-02-07). Retrieved 2020-12-06.
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Works cited

  • George Washington: A Biographical Companion{{#if:Grizzard|, Grizzard}. ABC-CLIO(2002). ISBN 978-1-57607-082-6

See also

Template:Lists of people considered founders by specific groups

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