Global Innovation Index

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File:Global Innovation Index framework.jpg
Framework showing the elements of the index

The Global Innovation Index is an annual ranking of countries by their capacity for and success in innovation, published by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). It was started in 2007 by INSEAD and World Business,Template:R a British magazine. Until 2021, it was published by WIPO in partnership with Cornell University, INSEAD, and other organisations and institutions.Template:R It is based on both subjective and objective data derived from several sources, including the International Telecommunication Union, the World Bank, and the World Economic Forum.Template:R

History

The Global Innovation Index was started in 2007 by INSEAD and World Business,Template:R a British magazine. It was created by Soumitra Dutta.[1]

Methodology

The Global Innovation Index is computed by taking a simple average of the scores in two sub-indices (the Innovation Input Index and Innovation Output Index), which are composed of respectively five and two pillars. Each of those pillars describes an attribute of innovation and have to five indicators, and their score is calculated by the weighted average method.Template:R

Since its inception in 2007, the index has had its results analyzed by an increasing number of governments annually, which design policy responses to improve their performance.[2][3][4][5][6] The index is mentioned in a resolution on science, technology and innovation for sustainable development adopted on 19 December 2019 by the General Assembly of the United Nations.Template:R

Criticism

Several scholars have criticized the index for giving excessive significance attributed to factors that are not integral to innovation. For instance, "Ease of Paying Taxes", "Electricity Output" (half-weightage), and "Ease of Protecting Minority Investors" are factors alongside "Ease of Getting Credit" and "Venture Capital Deals."[7] A 2024 study by Sarcina, Paolantonio, Valentini, and Iannone argued that the analysis of the GII pillars is "too aggregated to provide the necessary visibility of the determinants of innovation performance." The research found that indicators within a single pillar "contribute with different weights and have different statistical significance." The authors suggested that the model for calculating the ranking should be redefined to not only consider the "most statistically representative variables" but also to include "geographical, demographic, and socio-economic factors," noting that the importance of various innovation determinants likely differs between countries at different stages of development.[8]

Themes

Every two years, the index covers a theme related to innovation that goes beyond the innovation rankings. In 2020, the theme was "Who will finance innovation?" and shed light on the state of innovation financing by investigating the evolution of existing mechanisms and by pointing to progress and remaining challenges. Previous themes covered topics such as health innovation, environmental innovation, and agricultural and food innovation.[9]

2025 ranking

File:Global innovation index-2025 Top Climbers.svg
Economies climbing the ladder in global innovation. Top climbers since 2013 and 2019. Year-on-year comparisons of GII rankings must take into account changes to the GII model that have occurred over time, as well as data availability.

In 2025, for an economy to feature in the GII 2025, the minimum data coverage requirement is at least 35 indicators in the Innovation Input Sub-Index and 15 indicators in the Innovation Output Sub-Index, with scores for at least two sub-pillars per pillar. In the GII 2025, 139 economies had sufficient data available to be included in the Index. They represent 93.6 percent of the world's population.[10] This year's conceptual framework includes 78 different indicators.[11]

The Global Innovation Index 2025 scores 139 countries and regions.[12]

Rank Country and region Score Income group
1 Template:LeftTemplate:CHE 66.0 High-income
2 Template:LeftTemplate:SWE 62.6 High-income
3 Template:LeftTemplate:USA 61.7 High-income
4 Template:LeftTemplate:KOR 60.0 High-income
5 Template:LeftTemplate:SGP 59.9 High-income
6 Template:LeftTemplate:GBR 59.1 High-income
7 Template:LeftTemplate:FIN 57.7 High-income
8 Template:LeftTemplate:NLD 57.0 High-income
9 Template:LeftTemplate:DNK 56.9 High-income
10 Template:LeftTemplate:CHN 56.6 Upper middle-income
11 Template:LeftTemplate:DEU 55.5 High-income
12 Template:LeftTemplate:JPN 53.6 High-income
13 Template:LeftTemplate:FRA 53.4 High-income
14 Template:LeftTemplate:ISR 52.3 High-income
15 Template:LeftTemplate:HKG 51.5 High-income
16 Template:LeftTemplate:EST 51.1 High-income
17 Template:LeftTemplate:CAN 51.1 High-income
18 Template:LeftTemplate:IRL 50.4 High-income
19 Template:LeftTemplate:AUT 50.1 High-income
20 Template:LeftTemplate:NOR 49.2 High-income
21 Template:LeftTemplate:BEL 48.5 High-income
22 Template:LeftTemplate:AUS 48.0 High-income
23 Template:LeftTemplate:LUX 47.3 High-income
24 Template:LeftTemplate:ISL 47.0 High-income
25 Template:LeftTemplate:NZL 45.5 High-income
26 Template:LeftTemplate:CYP 45.5 High-income
27 Template:LeftTemplate:MLT 45.4 High-income
28 Template:LeftTemplate:ITA 44.9 High-income
29 Template:LeftTemplate:ESP 44.6 High-income
30 Template:LeftTemplate:ARE 44.2 High-income
31 Template:LeftTemplate:PRT 43.9 High-income
32 Template:LeftTemplate:CZE 42.0 High-income
33 Template:LeftTemplate:LTU 40.8 High-income
34 Template:LeftTemplate:MYS 40.6 Upper middle-income
35 Template:LeftTemplate:SVN 40.1 High-income
36 Template:LeftTemplate:HUN 40.0 High-income
37 Template:LeftTemplate:BGR 39.1 High-income
38 Template:LeftTemplate:IND 38.2 Lower middle-income
39 Template:LeftTemplate:POL 37.7 High-income
40 Template:LeftTemplate:HRV 37.7 High-income
41 Template:LeftTemplate:LVA 37.5 High-income
42 Template:LeftTemplate:GRC 37.4 High-income
43 Template:LeftTemplate:TUR 37.2 High-income
44 Template:LeftTemplate:VNM 37.1 Upper middle-income
45 Template:LeftTemplate:THA 36.7 Upper middle-income
46 Template:LeftTemplate:SAU 36.0 High-income
47 Template:LeftTemplate:SVK 35.5 High-income
48 Template:LeftTemplate:QAT 34.6 High-income
49 Template:LeftTemplate:ROU 34.3 High-income
50 Template:LeftTemplate:PHL 33.6 Lower middle-income
51 Template:LeftTemplate:CHL 33.1 High-income
52 Template:LeftTemplate:BRA 32.9 Upper middle-income
53 Template:LeftTemplate:MUS 32.5 Upper middle-income
54 Template:LeftTemplate:SRB 31.7 Upper middle-income
55 Template:LeftTemplate:IDN 31.3 Upper middle-income
56 Template:LeftTemplate:GEO 31.2 Upper middle-income
57 Template:LeftTemplate:MAR 31.1 Lower middle-income
58 Template:LeftTemplate:MEX 30.5 Upper middle-income
59 Template:LeftTemplate:ARM 30.5 Upper middle-income
60 Template:LeftTemplate:RUS 30.3 High-income
61 Template:LeftTemplate:ZAF 30.1 Upper middle-income
62 Template:LeftTemplate:BHR 30.0 High-income
63 Template:LeftTemplate:MKD 29.8 Upper middle-income
64 Template:LeftTemplate:MNE 29.8 Upper middle-income
65 Template:LeftTemplate:JOR 29.7 Lower middle-income
66 Template:LeftTemplate:UKR 29.7 Lower middle-income
67 Template:LeftTemplate:ALB 29.6 Upper middle-income
68 Template:LeftTemplate:URY 28.8 High-income
69 Template:LeftTemplate:OMN 28.7 High-income
70 Template:LeftTemplate:IRN 28.5 Lower middle-income
71 Template:LeftTemplate:COL 28.5 Upper middle-income
72 Template:LeftTemplate:CRI 28.4 High-income
73 Template:LeftTemplate:KWT 28.2 High-income
74 Template:LeftTemplate:MDA 27.4 Upper middle-income
75 Template:LeftTemplate:SYC 27.2 High-income
76 Template:LeftTemplate:TUN 27.0 Lower middle-income
77 Template:LeftTemplate:ARG 26.8 Upper middle-income
78 Template:LeftTemplate:MNG 26.7 Upper middle-income
79 Template:LeftTemplate:UZB 26.5 Lower middle-income
80 Template:LeftTemplate:PER 26.5 Upper middle-income
81 Template:LeftTemplate:KAZ 26.3 Upper middle-income
82 Template:LeftTemplate:PAN 25.9 High-income
83 Template:LeftTemplate:JAM 25.2 Upper middle-income
84 Template:LeftTemplate:BRB 25.1 High-income
85 Template:LeftTemplate:BLR 25.1 Upper middle-income
86 Template:LeftTemplate:EGY 24.7 Lower middle-income
87 Template:LeftTemplate:BWA 24.6 Upper middle-income
88 Template:LeftTemplate:BRN 24.5 High-income
89 Template:LeftTemplate:SEN 23.8 Lower middle-income
90 Template:LeftTemplate:LBN 23.6 Lower middle-income
91 Template:LeftTemplate:NAM 23.5 Lower middle-income
92 Template:LeftTemplate:BIH 23.4 Upper middle-income
93 Template:LeftTemplate:LKA 22.9 Lower middle-income
94 Template:LeftTemplate:AZE 22.9 Upper middle-income
95 Template:LeftTemplate:CPV 22.6 Lower middle-income
96 Template:LeftTemplate:KGZ 22.6 Lower middle-income
97 Template:LeftTemplate:DOM 22.6 Upper middle-income
98 Template:LeftTemplate:SLV 22.2 Upper middle-income
99 Template:LeftTemplate:PAK 22.1 Lower middle-income
100 Template:LeftTemplate:KHM 21.9 Lower middle-income
101 Template:LeftTemplate:GHA 21.9 Lower middle-income
102 Template:LeftTemplate:PRY 21.4 Upper middle-income
103 Template:LeftTemplate:KEN 21.4 Lower middle-income
104 Template:LeftTemplate:RWA 21.1 Low-income
105 Template:LeftTemplate:NGA 21.1 Lower middle-income
106 Template:LeftTemplate:BGD 21.0 Lower middle-income
107 Template:LeftTemplate:NPL 20.2 Lower middle-income
108 Template:LeftTemplate:TJK 20.2 Lower middle-income
109 Template:LeftTemplate:LAO 20.1 Lower middle-income
110 Template:LeftTemplate:CIV 19.7 Lower middle-income
111 Template:LeftTemplate:BOL 19.6 Lower middle-income
112 Template:LeftTemplate:ZMB 19.6 Lower middle-income
113 Template:LeftTemplate:ECU 19.5 Upper middle-income
114 Template:LeftTemplate:TTO 19.3 High-income
115 Template:LeftTemplate:DZA 18.9 Lower middle-income
116 Template:LeftTemplate:CMR 18.2 Lower middle-income
117 Template:LeftTemplate:TGO 18.1 Low-income
118 Template:LeftTemplate:BEN 17.8 Lower middle-income
119 Template:LeftTemplate:HND 17.7 Lower middle-income
120 Template:LeftTemplate:MDG 17.6 Low-income
121 Template:LeftTemplate:TZA 17.5 Low-income
122 Template:LeftTemplate:MMR 17.3 Lower middle-income
123 Template:LeftTemplate:GTM 17.1 Upper middle-income
124 Template:LeftTemplate:UGA 17.1 Lower middle-income
125 Template:LeftTemplate:MWI 16.0 Low-income
126 Template:LeftTemplate:BFA 15.9 Low-income
127 Template:LeftTemplate:BDI 15.8 Low-income
128 Template:LeftTemplate:MOZ 15.4 Low-income
129 Template:LeftTemplate:ZWE 15.4 Lower middle-income
130 Template:LeftTemplate:NIC 15.4 Lower middle-income
131 Template:LeftTemplate:MRT 15.4 Low-income
132 Template:LeftTemplate:LSO 14.9 Low-income
133 Template:LeftTemplate:GIN 14.9 Lower middle-income
134 Template:LeftTemplate:ETH 14.4 Low-income
135 Template:LeftTemplate:MLI 14.0 Low-income
136 Template:LeftTemplate:VEN 13.7 Lower middle-income
137 Template:LeftTemplate:COG 13.6 Lower middle-income
138 Template:LeftTemplate:AGO 13.0 Lower middle-income
139 Template:LeftTemplate:NER 11.9 Low-income

2024 ranking

File:Movement in the GII top 10 between 2018 and 2022.png
Movement in the Global Innovation Index top 10 countries and territories between 2018 and 2022

The Global Innovation Index 2024 scores 133 countries and regions.[13][14] The sorting order is in descending score.

Template:Sticky header Template:Mw-datatable Template:Sort under

Rank Country and region Score Income group
 1  Template:LeftTemplate:CHE 67.5   High-income
 2  Template:LeftTemplate:SWE 64.5   High-income
 3  Template:LeftTemplate:USA 62.4   High-income
 4  Template:LeftTemplate:SGP 61.2   High-income
 5  Template:LeftTemplate:GBR 61.0   High-income
 6  Template:LeftTemplate:KOR 60.9   High-income
 7  Template:LeftTemplate:FIN 59.4   High-income
 8  Template:LeftTemplate:NLD 58.8   High-income
 9  Template:LeftTemplate:DEU 58.1   High-income
 10  Template:LeftTemplate:DNK 57.1   High-income
 11  Template:LeftTemplate:CHN 56.3   Upper middle-income
 12  Template:LeftTemplate:FRA 55.4   High-income
 13  Template:LeftTemplate:JPN 54.1   High-income
 14  Template:LeftTemplate:CAN 52.9   High-income
 15  Template:LeftTemplate:ISR 52.7   High-income
 16  Template:LeftTemplate:EST 52.3   High-income
 17  Template:LeftTemplate:AUT 50.3   High-income
 18  Template:LeftTemplate:HKG 50.1   High-income
 19  Template:LeftTemplate:IRL 50.0   High-income
 20  Template:LeftTemplate:LUX 49.1   High-income
 21  Template:LeftTemplate:NOR 49.1   High-income
 22  Template:LeftTemplate:ISL 48.5   High-income
 23  Template:LeftTemplate:AUS 48.1   High-income
 24  Template:LeftTemplate:BEL 47.7   High-income
 25  Template:LeftTemplate:NZL 45.9   High-income
 26  Template:LeftTemplate:ITA 45.3   High-income
 27  Template:LeftTemplate:CYP 45.1   High-income
 28  Template:LeftTemplate:ESP 44.9   High-income
 29  Template:LeftTemplate:MLT 44.8   High-income
 30  Template:LeftTemplate:CZE 44.0   High-income
 31  Template:LeftTemplate:PRT 43.7   High-income
 32  Template:LeftTemplate:ARE 42.8   High-income
 33  Template:LeftTemplate:MYS 40.5   Upper middle-income
 34  Template:LeftTemplate:SVN 40.2   High-income
 35  Template:LeftTemplate:LTU 40.1   High-income
 36  Template:LeftTemplate:HUN 39.6   High-income
 37  Template:LeftTemplate:TUR 39.0   Upper middle-income
 38  Template:LeftTemplate:BGR 38.5   High-income
 39  Template:LeftTemplate:IND 38.3   Lower middle-income
 40  Template:LeftTemplate:POL 37.0   High-income
 41  Template:LeftTemplate:THA 36.9   Upper middle-income
 42  Template:LeftTemplate:LVA 36.4   High-income
 43  Template:LeftTemplate:HRV 36.3   High-income
 44  Template:LeftTemplate:VNM 36.2   Lower middle-income
 45  Template:LeftTemplate:GRC 36.2   High-income
 46  Template:LeftTemplate:SVK 34.3   High-income
 47  Template:LeftTemplate:SAU 33.9   High-income
 48  Template:LeftTemplate:ROU 33.4   High-income
 49  Template:LeftTemplate:QAT 32.9   High-income
 50  Template:LeftTemplate:BRA 32.7   Upper middle-income
 51  Template:LeftTemplate:CHL 32.6   High-income
 52  Template:LeftTemplate:SRB 32.3   Upper middle-income
 53  Template:LeftTemplate:PHL 31.1   Lower middle-income
 54  Template:LeftTemplate:IDN 30.6   Upper middle-income
 55  Template:LeftTemplate:MUS 30.6   Upper middle-income
 56  Template:LeftTemplate:MEX 30.4   Upper middle-income
 57  Template:LeftTemplate:GEO 30.4   Upper middle-income
 58  Template:LeftTemplate:MKD 29.9   Upper middle-income
 59  Template:LeftTemplate:RUS 29.7   High-income
 60  Template:LeftTemplate:UKR 29.5   Lower middle-income
 61  Template:LeftTemplate:COL 29.2   Upper middle-income
 62  Template:LeftTemplate:URY 29.1   High-income
 63  Template:LeftTemplate:ARM 29.0   Upper middle-income
 64  Template:LeftTemplate:IRN 28.9   Lower middle-income
 65  Template:LeftTemplate:MNE 28.9   Upper middle-income
 66  Template:LeftTemplate:MAR 28.8   Lower middle-income
 67  Template:LeftTemplate:MNG 28.7   Lower middle-income
 68  Template:LeftTemplate:MDA 28.7   Upper middle-income
 69  Template:LeftTemplate:ZAF 28.3   Upper middle-income
 70  Template:LeftTemplate:CRI 28.3   Upper middle-income
 71  Template:LeftTemplate:KWT 28.1   High-income
 72  Template:LeftTemplate:BHR 27.6   High-income
 73  Template:LeftTemplate:JOR 27.5   Lower middle-income
 74  Template:LeftTemplate:OMN 27.1   High-income
 75  Template:LeftTemplate:PER 26.7   Upper middle-income
 76  Template:LeftTemplate:ARG 26.4   Upper middle-income
 77  Template:LeftTemplate:BRB 26.1   High-income
 78  Template:LeftTemplate:KAZ 25.7   Upper middle-income
 79  Template:LeftTemplate:JAM 25.7   Upper middle-income
 80  Template:LeftTemplate:BIH 25.5   Upper middle-income
 81  Template:LeftTemplate:TUN 25.4   Lower middle-income
 82  Template:LeftTemplate:PAN 24.7   High-income
 83  Template:LeftTemplate:UZB 24.7   Lower middle-income
 84  Template:LeftTemplate:ALB 24.5   Upper middle-income
 85  Template:LeftTemplate:BLR 24.2   Upper middle-income
 86  Template:LeftTemplate:EGY 23.7   Lower middle-income
 87  Template:LeftTemplate:BWA 23.1   Upper middle-income
 88  Template:LeftTemplate:BRN 22.8   High-income
 89  Template:LeftTemplate:LKA 22.6   Lower middle-income
 90  Template:LeftTemplate:CPV 22.3   Lower middle-income
 91  Template:LeftTemplate:PAK 22.0   Lower middle-income
 92  Template:LeftTemplate:SEN 22.0   Lower middle-income
 93  Template:LeftTemplate:PRY 21.9   Upper middle-income
 94  Template:LeftTemplate:LBN 21.5   Lower middle-income
 95  Template:LeftTemplate:AZE 21.3   Upper middle-income
 96  Template:LeftTemplate:KEN 21.0   Lower middle-income
 97  Template:LeftTemplate:DOM 20.8   Upper middle-income
 98  Template:LeftTemplate:SLV 20.6   Upper middle-income
 99  Template:LeftTemplate:KGZ 20.4   Lower middle-income
 100  Template:LeftTemplate:BOL 20.2   Lower middle-income
 101  Template:LeftTemplate:GHA 20.0   Lower middle-income
 102  Template:LeftTemplate:NAM 20.0   Upper middle-income
 103  Template:LeftTemplate:KHM 19.9   Lower middle-income
 104  Template:LeftTemplate:RWA 19.7   Low-income
 105  Template:LeftTemplate:ECU 19.3   Upper middle-income
 106  Template:LeftTemplate:BGD 19.1   Lower middle-income
 107  Template:LeftTemplate:TJK 18.6   Lower middle-income
 108  Template:LeftTemplate:TTO 18.4   High-income
 109  Template:LeftTemplate:NPL 18.1   Lower middle-income
 110  Template:LeftTemplate:MDG 17.9   Low-income
 111  Template:LeftTemplate:LAO 17.8   Lower middle-income
 112  Template:LeftTemplate:CIV 17.5   Lower middle-income
 113  Template:LeftTemplate:NGA 17.1   Lower middle-income
 114  Template:LeftTemplate:HND 16.7   Lower middle-income
 115  Template:LeftTemplate:DZA 16.2   Lower middle-income
 116  Template:LeftTemplate:ZMB 15.7   Lower middle-income
 117  Template:LeftTemplate:TGO 15.6   Low-income
 118  Template:LeftTemplate:ZWE 15.6   Lower middle-income
 119  Template:LeftTemplate:BEN 15.4   Lower middle-income
 120  Template:LeftTemplate:TZA 15.3   Lower middle-income
 121  Template:LeftTemplate:UGA 14.9   Low-income
 122  Template:LeftTemplate:GTM 14.6   Upper middle-income
 123  Template:LeftTemplate:CMR 14.4   Lower middle-income
 124  Template:LeftTemplate:NIC 14.0   Lower middle-income
 125  Template:LeftTemplate:MMR 13.8   Lower middle-income
 126  Template:LeftTemplate:MRT 13.2   Lower middle-income
 127  Template:LeftTemplate:BDI 13.2   Low-income
 128  Template:LeftTemplate:MOZ 13.1   Low-income
 129  Template:LeftTemplate:BFA 12.8   Low-income
 130  Template:LeftTemplate:ETH 12.3   Low-income
 131  Template:LeftTemplate:MLI 11.8   Low-income
 132  Template:LeftTemplate:NER 11.2   Low-income
 133  Template:LeftTemplate:AGO 10.2   Lower middle-income

See also

References

  1. ↑ Academic Network – Portulans Institute. portulansinstitute.org. Retrieved 2022-11-15.
  2. ↑ Republic Act No. 11293 : The Philippine Innovation Act declares the GII as a measure of innovation. lawphil.net. Retrieved 2022-11-15.
  3. ↑ In July 2021, the Intellectual Property Strategy Headquarters, under the Japanese Prime Minister's Office, decided on the Intellectual Property Promotion Plan 2021, which set forth a plan of annual action related to intellectual property for all ministries and agencies. In the first part of the plan, WIPO's GII is cited (p. 5): https://www.kantei.go.jp/jp/singi/titeki2/kettei/chizaikeikaku20210713.pdf
  4. ↑ The GII is also cited throughout the official Malaysian Government report, the Twelfth Malaysia Plan (RMK12): https://rmke12.epu.gov.my/en Template:Webarchive.
  5. ↑ Resolution No. 01/NQ-CP on solutions for implementation of socio economic development plan in 2021. LuatVietnam. Retrieved 2022-11-09.
  6. ↑ UK ranked as world-leader in innovation. Department for Business, Innovation & Skills(17 September 2015). Retrieved 15 July 2016.
  7. ↑ New Technologies, Development and Application III{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}. Springer International Publishing(2020). ISBN 978-3-030-46817-0
  8. ↑ Innovation's Performance: A Transnational Analysis Based on the Global Innovation Index. Procedia Computer Science({Template:Year).
  9. ↑ Publications: Global Innovation Index. Wipo.int.
  10. ↑ The Global Innovation Index. Appendix I – Conceptual and measurement framework of the Global Innovation Index. wipo.int(2025).Template:Creative Commons text attribution notice
  11. ↑ Global Innovation Index 2025. Appendix III - Sources and definitions. wipo.int(2025).
  12. ↑ Global Innovation Index 2025 - GII 2025 results. wipo.int(2025).
  13. ↑ Global Innovation Index 2024, 17th Edition, WIPO. www.wipo.int. Retrieved 2024-10-01.
  14. ↑ Political Economy of STI in China: Analyzing Official Discourse on Science, Technology and Innovation-Driven Development in the Contemporary China. BRICS Journal of Economics({Template:Date).

Further reading

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