Gmelina arborea, (in English beechwood, gmelina, goomar teak, Kashmir tree, Malay beechwood, white teak, yamane[1] ), locally known as gamhar, is a fast-growing deciduous tree in the family Lamiaceae.[2]
Distribution and habitat
Gmelina arborea grows naturally throughout India, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam and in southern provinces of China. It is found at altitudes from sea level to Template:Convert.[3] Since the 1960s, it has been introduced extensively as fast-growing timber trees in Brazil, Gambia, Honduras, Ivory Coast, Malaysia, Malawi, Nigeria, the Philippines, and Sierra Leone. It is also planted in gardens and avenues.[4][5]
Utilization of the species
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The Lion Throne, the most important, and last surviving, of the eight royal thrones of Myanmar, now in the National Museum in Yangon, is carved from Gmelina arborea wood.[6][7]
Chemistry
Lignans, such as 6" - bromo - isoarboreol, 4-hydroxysesamin, 4,8-dihydroxysesamin, 1,4-dihydroxysesamin (gummadiol), 2-piperonyl-3-hydroxymethyl-4-(α-hydroxy-3,4-methylenedioxybenzyl)-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran and the 4-O-glucoside of 4-epigummadiol, can be isolated from the heartwood of Gmelina arborea.[8] The parent compounds are arboreol or gmelanone.[9]
Umbelliferone 7-apiosylglucoside can be isolated from the root.[10]
Five constituents, isolated from the heartwood of G. arborea, (+)-7′-O-ethyl arboreol, (+)-paulownin, (+)-gmelinol, (+)-epieudesmin and (−)-β-sitosterol, show antifungal activity against Trametes versicolor.[11]
References
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedAgroforestry common names - ↑ Gmelina arborea Gmelina, Snapdragon, White Teak PFAF Plant Database. pfaf.org. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namediucn status 19 November 2021 - ↑ Provenance research in Gmelina arborea Linn., Roxb. A summary of results from three decades of research and a discussion of how to use them. The International Forestry Review({Template:Date).
- ↑ Handbook of Energy Crops{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}. Center for New Crops & Plants Products, Purdue University(1983)
- ↑ The Thrones of Myanmar Kings : Enchanting Myanmar (Burma) - A Guide to Tourism Destinations and Beyond. Retrieved 2017-07-23.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedThe New Indian Express - ↑ Cite error: Invalid
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<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedRootUmbelliferone - ↑ Antifungal activity of constituents from the heartwood of Gmelina arborea: Part 1. Sensitive antifungal assay against Basidiomycetes. F. Kawamura, S. Ohara and A. Nishida, Holzforschung, June 2005, Volume 58, Issue 2, Pages 189–192, Template:Doi
- GAMHAR (Gmelina arborea): Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun
- Crop index at the Purdue University