Ilyushin Il-76

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The Ilyushin Il-76 (Template:Langx; NATO reporting name: Candid) is a multi-purpose, fixed-wing, four-engine turbofan strategic airlifter designed by the Soviet Union's Ilyushin design bureau as a commercial freighter in 1967, to replace the Antonov An-12. It was developed to deliver heavy machinery to remote and poorly served areas. Military versions of the Il-76 have been widely used in Europe, Asia and Africa, including use as an aerial refueling tanker and command center.

The Il-76 has seen extensive service as a commercial freighter for ramp-delivered cargo, especially for outsized or heavy items that cannot be carried by other means. It has also been used as an emergency response transport for civilian evacuations as well as for humanitarian aid and disaster relief around the world. Thanks to its ability to operate from unpaved runways, it has been useful in undeveloped areas. Specialized models have also been produced for aerial firefighting and reduced-gravity training.

Design and development

File:Volga-Dnepr IL-76 RA-76950 (8222957212) (2).jpg
The Il-76 is a high-wing freighter with four turbofans and a T-tail

Origins

The aircraft was conceived by Ilyushin in 1967 to meet a requirement for a freighter able to carry a payload of Template:Convert over a range of Template:Convert in less than six hours, able to operate from short (500 metres or less for a commercial airliner) and unprepared airstrips, and capable of coping with the worst weather conditions likely to be experienced in Siberia and the Soviet Union's Arctic regions. It was intended to replace the Antonov An-12. Another project design for a double-decked 250-passenger airliner was canceled. The Il-76 first flew in Template:Start date.[1]

Production of Il-76s was allocated to the Tashkent Aviation Production Association in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, then a republic of the Soviet Union. Some 860 of the basic transport variants were manufactured.[2] In the 1990s, modernized variants also equipped with Soloviev D-30 turbofan engines[3] were developed (MF, TF), with a cargo compartment Template:Cvt long by Template:Cvt wide by Template:Cvt tall; these larger variants were not produced in significant quantity due to the financial difficulties being experienced by the Russian Air Force, which was the primary operator of the type.Template:Citation needed

Further development

From 2004 onwards, a number of aircraft in commercial service were modernized to the Il-76TD-90VD version; this involved the adoption of the newly developed PS-90 engine to comply with European noise limitations.[4] In 2005, the People's Republic of China placed an order for 34 new Il-76MDs and four Il-78 tankers.Template:Citation needed In June 2013, Russian military export agency Rosoboronexport announced an order by China for 12 Il-76MD aircraft.[5]

File:Ильюшин Ил-76-78-А-50 0083483510, Москва - ВнуковоRP38653.jpg
Landing gear of an Ilyushin Il-76
File:Il-76 transport aircraft landing at the Brest airport.jpg
Landing of the Il-76 transport aircraft at the Brest airport

The Il-76 has also been modified into an airborne refueling tanker, designated the Il-78, around 50 aircraft having been produced.[2] A variant of the Il-76 also serves as a firefighting waterbomber. Its airframe was used as a base for the Beriev A-50 'Mainstay' AEW&C (airborne early warning and control) aircraft; around 25 aircraft were made.[2] Another application for the type was found in Antarctic support flights and for conducting simulated weightlessness training for cosmonauts (akin to the "Vomit Comet" used by NASA).[6] Beriev and NPO Almaz also developed an airborne laser flying laboratory designated A-60, of which two were built, much of this project's details remaining classified.[7]

Il-76MD-90A

It was announced in 2010 that the production of a modernized Il-76, the Il-76MD-90A (also known as project Il-476 during the design stage), would begin; a proposed new production line would be located in Aviastar's facility in Ulyanovsk, Russia, and be operated in cooperation with the Tashkent works.[2] At that point, the construction of two Il-76MD-90A prototypes had begun at the Ulyanovsk facility.[8] The first Il-76MD-90A was rolled out at Aviastar's Ulyanovsk plant on 16 June 2014.[9] On 29 April 2015, it was reported that the Russian Aerospace Forces received the first Il-76MD-90A built at the Ulyanovsk plant "Aviastar-SP" from the 2012 contract for 39 aircraft.[10] The Russian Ministry of Defence (MoD) received its first serial production Ilyushin Il-76MD-90A airlifter on 2 April 2019.[11] As of late 2025, 27 aircraft are ordered to be delivered in the period up to 2028 and 27+ had been built, six in 2023, six in 2024, and seven in 2025.[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] In 2025, the production rate of the Il-76 reached 7 aircraft per year.[24] There are plans to expand production at the plant in Ulyanovsk and in 2027 it is expected to assemble 12 aircraft, and later - up to 18 per year.[25]

Operational history

The first aircraft was delivered to the Soviet Air Force in June 1974[4] and subsequently became the main Soviet strategic transport aircraft. From 1976, it was operated by Aeroflot.

File:2019 landing of Il-76MD on an unpaved airfield.webm
Video of Il-76MD landing on an unpaved runway

Between 1979 and 1991, Soviet Air Force Il-76s made 14,700 flights into Afghanistan, transporting 786,200 servicemen and 315,800 tons of freight. The Il-76 carried 89% of Soviet troops and 74% of the freight that was airlifted. As Afghan rebels were unable to shoot down high-flying Il-76s, their tactics were to try and damage it on takeoff or landing. Il-76s were often hit by shoulder-launched Stinger and Strela heat-seeking missiles and large-calibre machine gun fire, but because the strong airframes were able to take substantial damage and remain operational, the aircraft had a remarkably low attrition rate during this period of conflict. Building on that earlier experience, during 2006 the bulk of the Canadian Forces equipment airlifted into Afghanistan was flown in using rented civilian Il-76s.[26] In 2006, the Russian Air Force had about 200 Il-76s. Civilian users in Russia have 108.[2]

File:Indian Air Force IL-76 cockpit.JPG
USAF and IAF airmen work inside the cockpit of an Indian Il-76

In 2004, a Chinese People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) Il-76 carried out a flight mission in Afghanistan, and later in 2011, PLAAF Il-76s were sent to Libya to evacuate Chinese citizens. The two missions were the reported first steps of PLAAF developing long-range transportation capability.[27]

Syrian Air Force Il-76s, operating as civil Syrianair aircraft, have been reportedly used to ship weapons, money, and other cargo from Russia and Iran to Syria, according to a defected Syrian military pilot. Since the start of the war, in April 2011 (and up to July 2012), around 20 military flights have been conducted to and from Tehran, via Iraqi airspace. Further information exposes that since around 2012, Syrian Il-76s have regularly flown to Moscow's Vnukovo Airport to fetch shipments of Syrian banknotes that have been useful to Bashar al-Assad's government to survive international sanctions.[28][29][30]

On 30 January 2017, an Il-76 firebomber of the Russian EMERCOM agency was deployed to Chile to assist firefighters. The assignment took 39 days.[31]

All Il-76 transport aircraft in service with the RF Aerospace Forces were to receive anti-missile systems, and aircraft reconfiguration started in spring 2019.[32]

Variants

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Prototypes and developmental variants

File:4K-AZ100, Neubrandenburg Airport, 2012-12-28 (41).jpg
Il-76TD-90, Aviadvigatel PS-90 engines have larger diameter.
Il-76TD-90/Il-76MD-90
Engine upgrades to Perm PS-90s.
Il-76 firebomber
Firefighting aircraft to drop exploding capsules filled with fire retardant.
Il-76PSD
SAR version of Il-76MF
Il-96
Early development of convertible passenger/cargo aircraft, (project only, designation re-used later)
Il-150
Proposed Beriev A-50 with Perm PS-90 engines.
Beriev A-60
Airborne laser weapon testbed (Il-76 version 1A)

Special purpose/research variants

File:Gromov Flight Test Institute Ilyushin Il-76LL with one Aviadvigatel PD-14 engine.jpg
Il-76LL with PD-14 engine prototype under testing, 2015
File:008-Il-76TD-Candid-2007.jpg
Il-76TD glass nose which serves as the flight navigator's station.
File:Beriev Be-976 (Il-76SKIP), Flight Research Institute AN0076932.jpg
Il-76LL SKIP testbed, 1999 flying with Aeroflot markings
File:Gctc il-76mdk chkalovsky 4444.jpg
GCTC Il-76MDK in 2025
File:Il76md10.jpg
IAF IL-76 unloading an APC in Ladakh
Il-76LL
With reinforced wing (at least 3 aircraft) to be used as test-bed airplane for engine prototypes flight testing in Gromov Flight Research Institute.
Izdeliye-176
Prototype Il-76PP.
Izdeliye-576
Izdeliye-676
Telemetry and communications relay aircraft, for use during trial programmes (prototype).
Izdeliye-776
Telemetry and communications relay aircraft, for use during trial programmes (prototype).
Izdeliye-976 ("SKIP", Il-976, or Il-76SK)[33] – (СКИП – Самолетный Контрольно-Измерительный Пункт, Airborne Check-Measure-and-Control Center)
Il-76/A-50 based range control and missile tracking platform. Initially built to support Raduga Kh-55 cruise missile tests.
Izdeliye-1076
Special mission aircraft for unknown duties.
Izdeliye-1176
ELINT electronic intelligence aircraft, or Il-76-11
Il-76-Tu160 tailplane transporter
One-off temporary conversion to support Tu-160 emergency modification programme.
Il-76K/Il-76MDK/Il-76MDK-II
Reduced-gravity aircraft for cosmonaut training used by Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center.
Il-76LL
Engine testbed (ooniversahl'naya letayuschchaya laboratoriya).
Il-76PP
ECM aircraft, major problems with ECM equipment on the Izdeliye-176 only.
Il-84
Maritime search and rescue aircraft (alternative designation – Il-76PS – poiskovo-spasahtel'nyy), not produced.

Military variants

File:Ilyushin Il-76MD-90A with aurora and meteor.jpg
Il-76MD-90A of the Russian Aerospace Forces
File:Tail turret of Il-76MD ‘RF-76743’ (37078748876).jpg
Il-76MD GSh-23 tail guns
File:In Ilyushin Il-76MD.jpg
Il-76MD cargo cabin
File:Ilyshin Il-76VKP(Il-82) (4321311317).jpg
An Il-76VKP/-82 flying under the Aeroflot brand name
Il-76D
('D' for "Desantnyi", Десантный – "paratrooper transport") has a gun turret in the tail for defensive purposes.
Il-76M
Military transport version, (modifitseerovannyy – modified).
Il-76MD
Improved military transport version, (modifitseerovannyy Dahl'ny – modified, long-range).
Il-76MD Skal'pel-MT
Mobile Hospital
Il-76M/Il-76MD
Built without military equipment but designated as Ms and MDs (Gordon – 'Falsies')
Il-76MD-90
An Il-76MD with quieter and more economical Aviadvigatel PS-90 high-bypass turbofan engines.
Il-76MF
Stretched military version with a Template:Cvt longer fuselage, PS-90A-76 engines, maximum takeoff weight of Template:Cvt and a lift capability of Template:Cvt. First flew in 1995. Two built and delivered to the Royal Jordanian Air Force,[4] later sold to the Egyptian Air Force.
Il-76MD-M
Modernized Il-76MD for the Russian Aerospace Forces.[34][35][36]
Il-76MD-90A
An upgraded version with a new glass cockpit, upgraded avionics, new one-piece carbon-fibre wing, and Aviadvigatel PS-90A-76 engines. It was also known as Il-476 while in development.[9][37] Designated as Il-76-MD-90AE for the export market.[38]
Il-76T/Il-76TD
Built as military aircraft but given civilian designations. (Gordon – 'Falsie')
Ilyushin Il-78/Il-78M/Il-78MD-90A
Aerial refueling tanker.
Il-78 MKI
A customized version of the Il-78 developed for the Indian Air Force.
Il-82
Airborne Command Post/communications relay aircraft, (alternative designation – Il-76VKP – 'version65S').
Beriev A-50/Beriev A-50M/Beriev A-50I/Beriev A-50E
Airborne Early Warning & Control aircraft. Beriev given control over the program.
Beriev A-100
An AEW&C version of the Il-76MD-90A. Currently in development, with at least two prototypes built.

Civil variants

File:Il-76 Iraq.jpg
A commercial variant of the Ilyushin Il-76, loading cargo at Ali Air Base, Iraq
File:Watertanker IL-76D of IRGC.jpg
An Il-76TD belonging to the IRGC, used as a firefighting aircraft
File:Ilyushin Il-76TD-90VD, Volga-Dnepr Airlines AN1838477.jpg
A Volga-Dnepr Airlines Il-76TD-90VD flying commercial operations
Il-76MGA
Initial commercial freighter (two prototypes and 12 production) equipped with Soloviev D-30 turbofan engines.[39]
Il-76MD to Il-76TD conversions
Complete removal of military equipment, identified by crude cover over OBIGGS inlet in Starboard Sponson.
Il-76P/Il-76TP/Il-76TDP/Il-76MDP
firefighting aircraft. The Il-76 waterbomber is a VAP-2 1.5-hour install/removal tanking kit conversion. The Il-76 can carry up to Template:Convert of water; 3.5 times the capacity of the C-130 Hercules. Since this kit can be installed on any Il-76, the designation Il-76TP, Il-76TDP are also used when those versions of the Il-76 are converted into waterbombers. The Il-76P was first unveiled in 1990.
Il-76T
('T' for Transport, Транспортный) unarmed civil cargo transport version. NATO code-name "Candid-A". It first flew on November 4, 1978.
Il-76TD
The civil equivalent of the Il-76MD, first flew in 1982, equipped with Soloviev D-30 turbofan engines.[39]
Il-76TD-90
An Il-76TD with Aviadvigatel PS-90 engines and a partial glass cockpit.
Il-76TD-90VD
An Il-76TD with Aviadvigatel PS-90 engines and a partial glass cockpit. It was developed specially for Volga-Dnepr cargo company, which operates five aircraft as of 2021.[40]
Il-76TD-S
Civilian mobile hospital, similar to Il-76MD Skal'pel-MT.
Il-76TF
Civil transport stretched version with Aviadvigatel PS-90 engines. It is the civil version of the Il-76MF (none produced).

Foreign variants

File:Beriev A-50EI Mainstay2009.jpg
A-50E/I Mainstay of the Indian Air Force
Beriev A-50E/I
For the Indian Air Force. Hosts Israeli Phalcon radar for AEW&C and Aviadvigatel PS-90 engines.[41]
Il-76MD tanker
Iraqi Air Force tanker conversions.
Shaanxi KJ-2000
Domestic Chinese airborne early warning and control conversion of Il-76, developed after A-50I was canceled and currently in service with the armed forces of China.
CFTE engine testbed
The China Flight Test Establishment (CFTE) currently operates a flying testbed converted from a Russian-made Il-76MD jet transport aircraft to serve as a flying testbed for future engine development programmes. The first engine to be tested on the aircraft is the WS-10A "Taihang" turbofan, currently being developed as the powerplant for China's indigenous J-10 and J-11 fighter aircraft. Il-76MD #76456, acquired by the AVIC 1 from Russia in the 1990s, is currently based at CFTE's flight test facility at Yanliang, Shaanxi Province.
Baghdad-1
Iraqi development with a radar mounted in the cargo hold enabling it to serve as AEW&C, used in the Iran–Iraq War.
Baghdad-2
Iraqi development (with French assistance) with fibreglass-reinforced plastic radome over the antenna of the Thomson-CSF Tiger G surveillance radar with a maximum detection range of Template:Cvt. One was destroyed on the ground during the 1991 Persian Gulf War; two others were flown to Iran where they remained.[42] At least one went into service with the IRIAF. One aircraft crashed following a midair collision with a HESA Saeqeh fighter, during the annual Iranian military parade in Tehran.[43] It can be distinguished from the Beriev A-50 by having the Il-76 navigator windows in the nose, which the A-50 does not.

Operators

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Present and former Il-76 operators Template:Legend Template:Legend Template:Legend

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Military operators

File:PLAAF Ilyushin Il-76 landing at Perth Airport.jpg
People's Liberation Army Air Force Il-76 landing at Perth Airport, Australia. This aircraft took part in the Search for Malaysia Airlines Flight 370.
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Indian Air Force Il-76 landing at Kushok Bakula Rimpochee Airport located in Leh
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File:RF-76779 IL76(MD) Russian Air Force CKL UUMU (35986335806).jpg
A Russian Air Force Il-76MD at Chkalovsky Air Base
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File:UK-76007@PEK (20200328162009).jpg
Uzbekistan Air and Air Defence Forces Il-76 landing at Beijing Capital International Airport
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Former military operators

File:Il-76T 5A-DNK at Mitiga 20091005 cropped.jpg
A Libyan Il-76 at Mitiga International Airport in 2009
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File:Ilyushin Il-76 in 1983.JPEG
Il-76 of the Soviet Air Forces
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  • Syrian Arab Air Force operated four, including three Il-76Ms. They were shared with Syrian Arab Airlines.[50] The Syrian government of Al-Assad fell to rebels in late 2024, and the Syrian Arab Air Force was dismantled. It was re-established as Syrian Air Force, but the revolution, and the Israeli air strikes that followed it, wrecked havoc in the inventory of the Air Force. In late 2025, the World Air Forces publication by FlightGlobal, which tracks the aircraft inventories of world's air forces and publishes its counts annually, removed all Syrian Air Force's aircraft from their World Air Forces 2026 report. It is thus questionable if the Syrian Air Force has any flying aircraft in their inventory, and in particular, any Il-76, as of December 2025.[51]
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Civil operators

File:EP-PUS 01.jpg
A Pouya Air Il-76 landing at Mehrabad Airport in Dec 2023
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File:Ilyushin Il-76TD EW-78826 FRA 2006-5-10.png
A TransAVIAexport Ilyushin Il-76TD at Frankfurt Airport
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  • Fly Sky Airlines operates two Il-76TD aircraft[54]
File:AIR KORYO IL76,S P912 AND P914 AT PYONGYANG SUNAN AIRPORT DPRK NORTH KOREA OCT 2012 (8656695412).jpg
A pair of Air Koryo Ilyushin Il-76 aircraft at Pyongyang International Airport
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  • Meridican, Inc, operating an Il-78 with registration N20NS.[59]
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Former civil operators

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  • Global Aviation Services[61]
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  • Penas Air Cargo
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  • Sun Way has operated the Il-76TD.[63]
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File:IL-76 in Antarctica.jpg
GST Aero Il-76 at Patriot Hills Base Camp, Antarctica
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  • Imtrec aviation of Cambodia used to operate Laos registered Il-76TD.
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  • Transafrica Airlines
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  • Aerocom operated an Il-76MD as well as an Il-76T until as late as January 2005.
  • Airline Transport operated a number of Il-76 aircraft, losing three in accidents in 2004 and 2005.
  • Jet Line International used to operate the Il-76.[67]
  • Tiramavia
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  • Aeroflot operated large numbers of aircraft, especially during Soviet years, often on behalf of the Soviet military. However, none remain in service with the airline.
  • Air STAN operated an Il-76TD.
  • ALAK operated Il-76 aircraft before its closure in 1999.
  • ATLANT-SOYUZ operated several Il-76TD
  • Aviaenergo operated the aircraft, but none remain in service.
  • Continental Airways has operated the Il-76 in the past, but does not do so currently.
  • Dacono Air has operated the Il-76.
  • Domodedovo Airlines has operated the Il-76, but none is currently in service.
  • East Line used to operate the Il-76.
  • Ilavia Airline used to operate six, including two Il-76MDs and four Il-76TDs.
  • KrasAir operated the Il-76, but none is currently in service.
  • Krylo Airlines operated two Il-76TDs into 2005.
  • Moscow Airways operated an Il-76TD in the early 1990s.
  • Novosibirsk Air Enterprise operated the Il-76, but none is currently in service.
  • Pulkovo Aviation Enterprise operated the Il-76, but none is currently in service.
  • Red Wings Airlines used to operate two Il-76TDs.
  • Royal Flight
  • Spair Airlines
  • Tesis Aviation Enterprise used to operate nine Il-76TDs.
  • Tyumen Airlines
  • Uralinteravia
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  • Air Tomisko operated 3 Il-76TDs. Two were leased from GST Aero which had been before in service of Kosmas Air, and one more was added in May 2006.[68]
  • Kosmas Air operated two Il-76TDs leased from GST Aero.[68]
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  • Aerolift Sierra Leone used to operate Il-76 aircraft for special charter and cargo lift operations.[69]
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  • Aeroflot was the main civil user of the aircraft during the period of the Soviet Union, although many of its aircraft were operated on behalf of the military.
  • Jet Air Cargo was one of the first civil operators of the Il-76 in Russia other than Aeroflot.
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  • Syrian Arab Airlines operated four, including three Il-76Ms. They were shared with Syrian Arab Air Force.[50] The Syrian government of Al-Assad fell to rebels in late 2024, and the Syrian Arab Air Force was dismantled. It was re-established as Syrian Air Force, but the revolution, and the Israeli air strikes that followed it, wrecked havoc in the inventory of the Air Force. In late 2025, the World Air Forces publication by FlightGlobal, which tracks the aircraft inventories of world's air forces and publishes its counts annually, removed all Syrian Air Force's aircraft from their World Air Forces 2026 report. It is thus questionable if the Syrian Air Force has any flying aircraft in their inventory, and in particular, any Il-76, as of December 2025. Since the Il-76 were shared with Syrian Arab Airlines, the same can be said about Syrian Arab Airlines as well.[51]
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  • Avialeasing operated the Il-76 on a charter and lease basis.
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Accidents and incidents

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File:Lviv Airlines Ilyushin Il-76MD Shevelev-1.jpg
An Il-76MD that was damaged during the Sknyliv air show disaster on 27 July 2002, during which the Sukhoi Su-27 involved struck a glancing blow against the aircraft's nose before crashing into spectators

As of July 2024, the Aviation Safety Network has tracked 137 incidents involving Il-76 series aircraft resulting in the 1,158 fatalities. 99 have been written off in crashes and other accidents.[73] Some of the most notable incidents can be found here.

1990s

  • On 1 February 1990, a Soviet Air Forces Il-76 registration СССР-86021 crashed 14 minutes after takeoff from Panevėžys Air Base, killing all 8 members of the crew.[78]
  • On 24 May 1991, a Metro Cargo Il-76TD (LZ-INK, named Lugano), crashed near Kermanshah Airport while attempting a forced landing following fuel exhaustion, killing four of ten crew.[79]
  • On 8 July 1993, a Russian Air Force Il-76M (RA-86039) crashed near Pskov Airport due to loss of control following an unexplained in-flight fire, killing the 11 crew.[80]
  • 1995 Airstan Ilyushin Il-76 hijacking. On 3 August 1995 Taliban-controlled fighter aircraft intercepted an Airstan Ilyushin Il-76TD transport aircraft, and held its seven crew members for over a year before escaping.[81][82]
  • On 19 August 1996, Spair Airlines Flight 3601, an Il-76T, crashed while trying to land at Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport following total electrical failure due to pilot error, killing all 11 occupants on board.[83] The crew had forgotten to turn on the AC/DC converter following engine startup.
  • Charkhi Dadri mid-air collision. On 12 November 1996, Kazakhstan Airlines Flight 1907, an Il-76, collided in mid-air with Saudia Flight 763 (a Boeing 747) over Charkhi Dadri, India, killing all 349 aboard both aircraft in the deadliest mid-air collision. The Kazakh crew failed to maintain altitude owing to confusion with ATC.
  • 1996 Abakan Ilyushin Il-76 crash. On 27 November 1996, a Russian Air Force Ilyushin Il-76MD, registration RA-78804, flew into the side of a mountain, minutes after it departed Abakan Airport, and crashed Template:Convert from the airport. All 21 occupants on board died in the accident.[84][85]
  • On 13 July 1998, ATI Aircompany Flight 2570, an Il-76MD (UR-76424), crashed in the sea shortly after takeoff from Ras Al Khaimah International Airport, killing the eight crew. The aircraft was overloaded and the pilot failed to respond to GPWS warnings.[86]
  • On 17 July 1998, Air Sofia Flight 701, an Il-78 (UR-UCI) struck a hill on approach to Asmara International Airport, killing all ten on board. The aircraft was leased from Ukrainian Cargo Airways.[87]

2000s

2010s

2020s

Aircraft on display

  • CCCP-76511 (c/n 083414444) preserved in the Ukraine State Aviation Museum, Kyiv. The aircraft was originally painted as UR-UCI of Ukrainian Cargo Airways to commemorate the real aircraft that crashed in 1998, but was returned to its original Aeroflot livery as CCCP-76511 in 2016.[130]
  • An Ilyushin Il-76 in Umm Al Quwain, the United Arab Emirates sat abandoned by the side of a highway from 2000 to 2022, acting as an adveritising billboard for a local beach resort. It later became a tourist destination.[131] It was then scrapped in May 2022.[132]

Specifications (Il-76MD-90AE)

File:Ilyushin Il-76.svg

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See also

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References

Notes

  1. ↑ Ilyushin(4 December 1996).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Butowski, Piotr. Rosyjski kontrakt na Ił-76 i Ił-78 dla Chin. Lotnictwo nr. 1/2007, pp. 54–55 Template:In lang
  3. ↑ Commercial aircraft of the world–Ilyushin Il-76. Flight International({Template:Date).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Butowski, Piotr. Iliuszyn Ił-76 powraca. Lotnictwo nr. 9/2004, p. 28–32 Template:In lang
  5. ↑ IL-76MD aircraft will be provided to China. Retrieved 2013-06-17.Template:Unreliable source?
  6. ↑ File:Марка России 2006г №1073-Самолет ИЛ-76ТД и научно-экспедиционное судно "Академик Федоров"; панорама станции.jpg. Publishing and Trading Centre "Marka"(2006-01-26). Retrieved 2009-04-11.
  7. ↑ âÅÒÉÅ× á-60. airwar.ru. Retrieved 26 January 2019.
  8. ↑ Поставки транспортников Ил-476 заказчикам начнутся в 2012 году – ВПК.name. Vpk.name(2 July 2010). Retrieved 2010-11-06.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 IL-476: Russia's New Medium-Heavy Transport Jet. Defense Industry Daily. Retrieved 26 January 2019.
  10. ↑ {{{title}}}. RIA Novosti(29 April 2015).
  11. ↑ Russian MoD receives first serial production Il-76MD-90A airlifter | Jane's 360. Retrieved 2019-04-04.
  12. ↑ Минобороны переоценило транспортные самолеты(28 May 2020).
  13. ↑ Russian radars track 30 foreign spy planes and six drones over week.
  14. ↑ ЦАМТО / / Предприятия ОАК выполнили гособоронзаказ в 2020 году. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
  15. ↑ ЦАМТО / / Минобороны России получило новый военно-транспортный самолет Ил-76МД-90А. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
  16. ↑ ЦАМТО / / Первый Ил-76МД-90А, собранный в АО "Авиастар-СП" на новой поточной линии, передан заказчику. Retrieved 10 September 2021.
  17. ↑ Очередной серийный самолет Ил-76МД-90А передан в эксплуатацию. www.uacrussia.ru.
  18. ↑ ЦАМТО / / ОАК передала Минобороны транспортники Ил-76МД-90А и Ил-76МД-М.
  19. ↑ Defense contractor delivers new top-notch military transport plane to Russian troops.
  20. ↑ ЦАМТО / / ПАО «ОАК» выполнило гособоронзаказ 2022 года. armstrade.org.
  21. ↑ ЦАМТО / / ОАК: Минобороны за год получило шесть Ил-76, в планах утроить производство. armstrade.org(26 December 2023). Retrieved 27 December 2023.
  22. ↑ ВКС России получили шестой в 2024 году военно-транспортный самолёт Ил-76МД-90А. bmpd(2024-12-31). Retrieved 2025-01-04.
  23. ↑ Russia takes delivery of new Il-76MD-90A plane, Malyasov, Dylan. Defence Blog(2025-09-02). Retrieved 2025-09-02.
  24. ↑ Russia ramps up Ilyushin Il-76 production with 7 aircraft delivered in 2025. AGN(2026-01-12). Retrieved 2026-02-08.
  25. ↑ РИА Новости. Telegram. Retrieved 2025-05-31.
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  28. ↑ I flew secret missions carrying cash and weapons into Syria for Assad, pilot reveals. The Daily Telegraph(24 March 2013). Retrieved 3 April 2018.
  29. ↑ Flight Records Say Russia Sent Syria Tons of Cash, Dafna Linzer, Jeff Larson. ProPublica(26 November 2012). Retrieved 26 January 2019.
  30. ↑ NEWS – AZERBAIJAN – TURAN NEWS AGENCY. www.contact.az.
  31. ↑ Russian IL-76 completes its assignment in Chile, Gabbert, Bill. Fire Aviation(2017-02-27). Retrieved 2017-06-12.
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  33. ↑ The Ilyushin Il-76, A-50 AWACS / Aircraft 976(1 April 2020). Retrieved 4 April 2020.
  34. ↑ ОАО "Ил" приступило к работам по модернизации... | ОАО "Ил". ilyushin.org. Retrieved 2017-03-08.
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  36. ↑ Russian Air Force receives first upgraded Ilyushin Il-76MD-M. airrecognition.com. Retrieved 26 January 2019.
  37. ↑ First serial-production Ilyushin Il-76MD-90A strategic airlifter made its maiden flight(January 5, 2015). Retrieved January 13, 2015.
  38. ↑ Military transport aircraft IL-76MD-90AE | Catalog Rosoboronexport. Rosoboronexport. Retrieved 2024-11-09.
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  40. ↑ IL-76TD – the heavy cargo-carrying ramp aircraft. Volga-Dnepr. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
  41. ↑ domain-b.com : Air Force starts flight tests of first Phalcon Il-76 airborne early warning system. domain-b.com(9 June 2008). Retrieved 26 January 2019.
  42. ↑ AEW&C and Hawkeyes – The Complete History of Airborne Early Warning{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}(2002). ISBN 978-0-7603-1140-0
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  46. ↑ First North Korean Airborne Early Warning Jet Flies, Kim Shows Off Interior. The War Zone(27 March 2025). Retrieved 28 March 2025.
  47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 The Military Balance 2016, p. 200.
  48. ↑ Wings of Iraq, Volume 2: The Iraqi Air Force, 1970-1980{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}. Helion & Company Publishing(2022). ISBN 978-1-914377-17-4
  49. ↑ Probe-And-Drogue - The Story Of Libya's Ill-Fated In-Flight Refuelling Programme. Oryx. Retrieved 22 January 2025.
  50. ↑ 50.0 50.1 World Air Forces 2023. Flight Global. Retrieved 30 July 2023.
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  52. ↑ Hot Skies Over Yemen, Volume 2: Aerial Warfare Over the South Arabian Peninsula, 1994-2017{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}. Helion & Company Publishing(2018). ISBN 978-1-911628-18-7
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  54. ↑ What's with all these Russian-made aircraft flying above Pretoria?, Fabricius, Darren Olivier and Peter. Daily Maverick(2025-10-09). Retrieved 2025-10-13.
  55. ↑ Airshow Review – Wonsan Air Festival, North Korea. GAR - We've got aviation covered(2016-09-30). Retrieved 2023-11-04.
  56. ↑ Volga-Dnepr evaluates stretched AN-124-102 for special aerospace and industrial payloads. Retrieved 2009-10-22.
  57. ↑ News. Retrieved 2012-01-08.
  58. ↑ Fleet in Flight Radar. Retrieved 2017-09-24.
  59. ↑ FAA Registry N-Number Inquiry Results. FAA Aircraft Inquiry(June 27, 2024). Retrieved June 27, 2024.
  60. ↑ 60.0 60.1 Crash: Aero Services IL76 at Brazzaville on Nov 30th 2012, clipped trees then impacted buildings short of runway, Hradecky, Simon(December 2, 2012). Retrieved December 1, 2012.
  61. ↑ Retrieved 2 December 2015. FlightStats. Global Aviation Services 509 Flight Status Template:Webarchive
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  63. ↑ Archived at GhostarchiveTemplate:Cbignore and the Wayback MachineTemplate:Cbignore: The Plane That Should NOT Have Been Flying(2020-11-25). Retrieved 17 January 2021.Template:Cbignore
  64. ↑ Jordan International Air Cargo.
  65. ↑ Jordan gave Egypt two military transport Il-76MF. weaponews.com. Retrieved 2019-08-05.
  66. ↑ "Lease" Template:Webarchive. AirAlmaty.kz
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  68. ↑ 68.0 68.1 Trgovao oružjem sa bivšim agentima KGB Template:Webarchive at Blic Online, 17-12-2009, retrieved 19-11-2013 Template:In lang
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  71. ↑ JUBA Cargo. Retrieved 2006-12-30.
  72. ↑ Badr Airlines – Your Load in Good Hands!(June 24, 2009).
  73. ↑ Aviation Safety Network > > ASN Aviation Safety Database results. asn.flightsafety.org. Retrieved 2024-08-01.
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  75. ↑ Crash of an Ilyushin II-76M near Kabul: 47 killed | Bureau of Aircraft Accidents Archives. www.baaa-acro.com. Retrieved 2024-08-01.
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  77. ↑ Accident Ilyushin Il-76MD CCCP-76569, Wednesday 18 October 1989. asn.flightsafety.org. Retrieved 2024-08-01.
  78. ↑ Accident description for CCCP-86021. Aviation Safety Network.
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  82. ↑ Russian Air Crew, Held in Afghanistan, Escapes to UAE. Associated Press(August 17, 1996). Retrieved 27 June 2024.
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  85. ↑ IL-76 hits mountain(4 December 1996).
  86. ↑ July 13, 1998: Cargo plane crashes off Ras Al Khaimah. gulfnews.com(12 July 2018).
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  88. ↑ ASN Aircraft accident Ilyushin Il-76TD RA-76839 Novaya Inya. aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 2023-09-25.
  89. ↑ ASN Aircraft accident Ilyushin Il-76MD 15-2280 Kerman. aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 2023-09-25.
  90. ↑ At 10,000 feet the door flipped open and scores of passengers were sucked out. The Guardian(10 May 2003).
  91. ↑ "Safety Review" Template:Webarchive, Flight International, 20–26 January 2004 p. 39.
  92. ↑ Cargo Plane Shot Down in Somalia. The Washington Post(2012-11-03). Retrieved 2024-08-01.
  93. ↑ Crash: Ababeel IL76 at Khartoum on June 30th 2008, hit ground immediately after takeoff.
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  98. ↑ Accident description. Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 23 September 2009.
  99. ↑ Iranian Military Planes Crashes in Annual Parade. Defensenews. Retrieved 23 September 2009.
  100. ↑ Cargo Plane Crashes In Eastern Russia, 11 Dead. RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. Retrieved 26 January 2019.
  101. ↑ Russian military cargo plane crashes on takeoff, killing all 11 crew members on board. Daily Press(1 November 2009).
  102. ↑ Crash: Sun Way IL76 at Karachi on Nov 28th 2010, engine fire, Hradecky, Simon. Retrieved 28 November 2010.
  103. ↑ Crash: Silk Way IL76 near Bagram on Jul 6th 2011, impacted mountain, Hradecky, Simon. Retrieved 6 July 2011.
  104. ↑ Cargo plane crash in Afghanistan. BBC News(6 July 2011).
  105. ↑ 2012 Ilyushin 76T Accident. aviation-safety.net(30 November 2012). Retrieved 30 November 2012.
  106. ↑ Plane crashes houses in Congo killing 30. heraldsun.com.au(30 November 2012). Retrieved 30 November 2012.
  107. ↑ Ukrainian military plane with at least 49 aboard shot down. CNN(14 June 2014). Retrieved 14 June 2014.
  108. ↑ Ukraine crisis: Military plane shot down in Luhansk. BBC Online(14 June 2014). Retrieved 14 June 2014.
  109. ↑ "49 killed when Ukraine military plane downed: defence spokesman" Template:Webarchive. xin.msn.com
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  111. ↑ Military Plane Crashes in Algeria, Killing at Least 257. The New York Times(11 April 2018). Retrieved 11 April 2018.
  112. ↑ Live updates: Zelenskyy declines US offer to evacuate Kyiv(25 February 2022).
  113. ↑ An unexpected air-to-air battle is raging over Ukraine. Here's what we know about the losses on both sides.(5 September 2022).
  114. ↑ Two IL-76MD strategic airlifter were destroyed from Russian strikes at Melitopol Air Base, Ukraine(7 April 2022). Retrieved 19 April 2022.
  115. ↑ Russian military cargo plane crashes, killing 5 crewmembers. ABC News. Retrieved 2022-06-24.
  116. ↑ Russian military cargo plane crashes, killing four - reports. Reuters(2022-06-24). Retrieved 2022-06-24.
  117. ↑ Ukraine war: 'Drone attack' on airport damages Russian transport planes. BBC News(29 August 2023). Retrieved 30 August 2023.
  118. ↑ Au Mali, la junte évoque de manière détournée le crash d'un avion militaire. Le Monde(September 28, 2023).
  119. ↑ Mali: la junte évoque de manière détournée le crash d'un avion militaire(September 27, 2023).
  120. ↑ Russian Il-76MD plane burst into flames during take-off in Dushanbe(2023-10-20).
  121. ↑ Russian jet crashes carrying Ukrainian PoWs - Moscow(2024-01-24). Retrieved 2024-01-24.
  122. ↑ EXPLAINED: Russia's Downed IL-76 Plane, Everything We Know So Far(2024-01-25). Retrieved 2024-01-25.
  123. ↑ Why Did The Russian Il-76 Crash? What We Know, and Don't Know, About A Major Aviation Disaster(2024-01-25). Retrieved 2024-01-25.
  124. ↑ Russian IL-76 shot down(23 January 2024).
  125. ↑ Russian jet crashes carrying Ukrainian PoWs - Moscow. BBC News(24 January 2024).
  126. ↑ RIA Novosti via @GirkingGirkin account, RIA Novosti(12 March 2024).
  127. ↑ У Росії біля військового аеродрому впав літак Іл-76, на борту було 15 людей.
  128. ↑ Accident Ilyushin Il-76T EX-76011, Monday 21 October 2024. asn.flightsafety.org. Retrieved 2024-10-22.
  129. ↑ Zestrzelenie Iljuszyna Ił-76 przez RSF w Darfurze. Onet.pl. Retrieved 21 October 2024.
  130. ↑ Aircraft Photo of UR-UCI | Ilyushin Il-76 | Ukrainian Cargo Airways. airhistory.net. Retrieved 14 March 2023.
  131. ↑ UAE dismantles plane of gunrunner Russia wants for Americans. AP News(2022-05-27). Retrieved 2025-06-14.
  132. ↑ https://www.khaleejtimes.com/lifestyle/after-two-decades-uaqs-mystery-plane-is-finally-headed-for-the-scrap-heap-of-aviation-history

Bibliography

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  • Al-Hussein: Iraqi indigenous conventional arms projects, 1980–2003{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}. Helion & Company Publishing(2022). ISBN 978-1-914377-18-1
  • African MiGs, Volume 2: Madagascar to Zimbabwe{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}. Harpia Publishing(2011). ISBN 978-0-9825539-8-5
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Template:Refend

Further reading

  • Komissarov D.-Y. Gordon, Ilyushin 76, Midland Publishing (Ian Allan), Hinckley,

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