Template:Infobox deity In Meitei folklore, mythology and religion, Nongthang Leima, the primordial goddess of thunder and lightning, dance and music, charming and seduction,[1][2][3][4] is said to have multiple divine incarnations in the forms of many feminine beings.[1] The "Laion Laichat", an ancient Meitei scripture, mentions the 31 divine forms of the goddess, among which Panthoibi and Chang-Ning Leima, are significant.[1][5]
Incarnations
| Names | Alternate spellings | Latin transliteration | English translation (or description) |
|---|---|---|---|
| ꯄꯥꯟꯊꯣꯢꯄꯤ | ꯄꯥꯟꯊꯣꯏꯕꯤ, ꯄꯥꯟꯊꯣꯢꯕꯤ, ꯄꯥꯟꯊꯣꯏꯄꯤ | Panthoibi | Goddess of war, love and fertility[6][7][8] |
| ꯇꯥꯟꯊꯣꯡ ꯂꯩꯃ | ꯇꯥꯟꯊꯣꯪ ꯂꯩꯃ | Tanthong Leima | |
| ꯂꯦꯝꯊꯣꯡ ꯂꯩꯃ | ꯂꯦꯝꯊꯣꯪ ꯂꯩꯃ | Lemthong Leima | |
| ꯂꯝꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯩꯃ | ꯂꯝꯇꯦꯪ ꯂꯩꯃ | Lamteng Leima | |
| ꯍꯩꯅꯧꯄꯣꯛ ꯂꯩꯃ | Heinoupok Leima | Goddess of mango tree | |
| ꯆꯪꯅꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯃ | ꯆꯡꯅꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯃ, ꯆꯪꯅꯤꯪ ꯂꯩꯃ, ꯆꯡꯅꯤꯪ ꯂꯩꯃ | Chang-ning Leima | |
| ꯅꯨꯡꯀꯣꯢꯄꯤ | ꯅꯨꯡꯀꯣꯏꯄꯤ, ꯅꯨꯡꯒꯣꯢꯕꯤ, ꯅꯨꯡꯒꯣꯏꯕꯤ | Noong-koipi (Nungoibi) | War goddess |
| ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯢ ꯂꯩꯃ | ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯏ ꯂꯩꯃ | Koloi Leima | Goddess of naming |
| ꯊꯨꯝ ꯂꯩꯃ | ꯊꯨꯝꯔꯩꯃ | Thumleima | Goddess of salt and salt brines[9][10][11] |
| ꯉꯥꯂꯩꯃ | ꯉꯥꯔꯩꯃ | Ngaleima | Goddess of fish[12][13][14] |
| ꯊꯥꯂꯩꯃ | ꯊꯥꯔꯩꯃ | Thaleima | Goddess of moon |
| ꯐꯧꯑꯣꯢꯄꯤ | ꯐꯧꯑꯣꯏꯄꯤ, ꯐꯧꯑꯣꯏꯕꯤ, ꯐꯧꯑꯣꯢꯕꯤ, ꯐꯧꯂꯩꯃ, ꯐꯧꯔꯩꯃ | Phouoipi | Goddess of agriculture, crops and food[15][16][17][18] |
| ꯌꯣꯠ ꯂꯩꯃ | ꯌꯣꯠꯔꯩꯃ | Yot-Leima | Goddess of iron |
| ꯋꯥꯇꯂꯩ ꯁꯤꯜꯍꯩꯄꯤ | ꯋꯥꯇꯔꯩ ꯁꯤꯟꯍꯩꯕꯤ | Waatalei Silheipi | Goddess of artisans and occupation |
| ꯀꯣꯟ ꯂꯩꯃ | ꯀꯣꯜꯂꯩꯃ | Kon-Leima | Goddess of utensils |
| ꯈꯥꯢꯄ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯆꯅꯨ | ꯈꯥꯏꯄ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯆꯅꯨ | Khaipa Ningthou Chanu | |
| ꯃꯣꯢꯅꯨ ꯆꯅꯨ | ꯃꯣꯏꯅꯨ ꯆꯅꯨ | Moinu Chanu (Imoinu) | Caretaker goddess of mankind, wealth and prosperity[19][20] |
| ꯄꯤꯊꯦꯠ ꯂꯩꯃ | Pithet Leima | ||
| ꯂꯥꯢꯋꯥ ꯂꯩꯃ ꯂꯥꯢꯁꯟ ꯊꯥꯟꯄꯤ | ꯂꯥꯏꯋꯥ ꯂꯩꯃ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯟ ꯊꯥꯟꯕꯤ | Laiwa Leima Laisan Thaanpi | |
| ꯈꯥꯄꯤ ꯂꯨꯀꯣꯢ ꯆꯅꯨ | ꯈꯥꯕꯤ ꯂꯨꯀꯣꯏ ꯆꯅꯨ | Khapi Lukoi Chanu | |
| ꯂꯤꯛꯂꯥꯄꯤꯆꯥ | ꯂꯤꯛꯂꯥꯕꯤꯆꯥ | Liklapicha | |
| ꯌꯥꯢꯄꯤ ꯂꯩꯃ | ꯌꯥꯏꯕꯤ ꯂꯩꯃ, ꯌꯥꯢꯕꯤ ꯂꯩꯃ, ꯌꯥꯏꯄꯤ ꯂꯩꯃ | Yaipi Leima | Goddess of souls |
| ꯊꯣꯡꯉꯥꯛ ꯂꯩꯃ | ꯊꯣꯪꯉꯥꯛ ꯂꯩꯃ | Thongak Leima | Gatekeeper goddess of the door of the death |
| ꯁꯤꯇꯥꯅꯨꯄꯤ | Sitanupi | ||
| ꯆꯂꯥꯡ ꯂꯩꯃ | ꯆꯔꯥꯡ ꯂꯩꯃ | Chalang Leima (Charang Leima) | |
| ꯄꯤꯊꯥꯢꯄꯤ | ꯄꯤꯊꯥꯏꯕꯤ, ꯄꯤꯊꯥꯢꯕꯤ, ꯄꯤꯊꯥꯏꯄꯤ | Pithaipi | Giver Goddess |
| ꯈꯥꯡꯇꯂꯥꯢꯄꯤ | ꯈꯣꯡꯇꯂꯥꯏꯄꯤ, ꯈꯣꯡꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯢꯕꯤ, ꯈꯣꯡꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯕꯤ | Khongtalaipi | |
| ꯁꯂꯤꯛ ꯂꯩꯃ | ꯁꯔꯤꯛ ꯂꯩꯃ | Salik Leima (Sarik Leima) | |
| ꯈꯝꯄ ꯌꯥꯡꯇꯩ | ꯈꯝꯕ ꯌꯥꯡꯗꯩ | Khampa Yangtei | |
| ꯅꯨꯡꯈꯣꯡ ꯅꯨꯡꯂꯥꯎꯄꯤ | ꯅꯨꯡꯈꯣꯡ ꯅꯨꯡꯂꯥꯎꯕꯤ | Nungkhong Nunglaopi | Goddess of stones |
| ꯄꯨꯛꯁꯂꯤ ꯂꯩꯃ | ꯄꯨꯛꯁ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯃ | Pukhsali Leima |
See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Incarnations of Goddess Nongthang Leima By James Oinam. www.e-pao.net. Retrieved 2022-03-29.
- ↑ Folk Culture of Manipur{{#if:Singh|, Singh}. Manas Publications(1993). ISBN 978-81-7049-063-0
- ↑ Folk-lore{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}. Indian Publications(1991)
- ↑ The Anthropologist: International Journal of Contemporary and Applied Studies of Man{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}. Kamla-Raj Enterprises(2003)
- ↑ Land of Gods and Goddesses Book Review By James Oinam. www.e-pao.net. Retrieved 2022-03-29.
- ↑ The Pleasing of the Gods: Meitei Lai Haraoba{{#if:Parratt|, Parratt}. Vikas Publishing House(1997). ISBN 978-81-259-0416-8
- ↑ Proceedings of North East India History Association{{#if:Session|, Session}. The Association(2001)
- ↑ A Short History of Manipur{{#if:Singh|, Singh}. R.K. Jhalajit Singh(1992)
- ↑ Folklore{{#if:Jacobs|, Jacobs}. Folklore Society(1913)
- ↑ The Lois of Manipur: Andro, Khurkhul, Phayeng and Sekmai{{#if:Devi|, Devi}. Mittal Publications(2002). ISBN 978-81-7099-849-5
- ↑ Glimpses of Manipuri Culture{{#if:Devi|, Devi}. Lulu.com. ISBN 978-0-359-72919-7
- ↑ Man in India{{#if:Bahadur)|, Bahadur)}. A. K. Bose(1970)
- ↑ The Eastern Anthropologist{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}. Ethnographic and Folk Culture Society, U.P.(1974)
- ↑ The Lois of Manipur: Andro, Khurkhul, Phayeng and Sekmai{{#if:Devi|, Devi}. Mittal Publications(2002). ISBN 978-81-7099-849-5
- ↑ Proceedings of North East India History Association{{#if:Session|, Session}. The Association(1999)
- ↑ The Art of Rice: Spirit and Sustenance in Asia{{#if:Hamilton|, Hamilton}. UCLA Fowler Museum of Cultural History(2003). ISBN 978-0-930741-98-3
- ↑ Medieval Indian Literature: An Anthology{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}. Sahitya Akademi(1997)
- ↑ The Cultural Heritage of Manipur{{#if:Meitei|, Meitei}. Routledge(2020-11-25). ISBN 978-1-000-29637-2
- ↑ A Hymn for Goddess Emoinu. e-pao.net. Retrieved 2022-03-29.
- ↑ Meiteis celebrate Emoinu. www.telegraphindia.com. Retrieved 2022-03-29.
External links
- Proceedings of North East India History Association{{#if:Session|, Session}. The Association(1995)
- Folk-lore{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}. Indian Publications(1991)