The Joint Working Group (JWG) was the first official bilateral administrative mechanism formed after the 1962 Sino-Indian War by India and China to discuss the boundary question with the aim of finding a solution. It was officially announced in a joint press communique in Beijing on 23 December 1988. A total of fifteen meetings of the JWG were held between 1989 and 2005. The last meeting was held on 30–31 March 2005.
While the JWG was not able to resolve the boundary question, it was an important bilateral mechanism through which India and China gradually resolved certain aspects of the border problem. A "hotline" was set up between military commanders, border posts were opened, mechanisms for conveying troop positions were just some of the incremental changes accomplished.[1]
Background
The relevant part of the joint press communique reads:[2] Template:Quote The JWG would be led by the Indian foreign secretary and the Chinese deputy foreign minister.Template:Sfn The JWG had a three-point mandate, summarised as, make recommendations and maintain border peace pending a final solution utilising the expertise of military experts, communications experts, legal experts etc.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
Rounds
- 30 June – 4 July 1989Template:Sfn
- 30–31 August 1990Template:Sfn
- 12–14 May 1991Template:Sfn
- 20–21 February 1992Template:Sfn
- 27–29 October 1992Template:Sfn
- 24–27 June 1993Template:Sfn
- 6–7 July 1994Template:Sfn
- 18–20 August 1995Template:Sfn
- 16–18 October 1996Template:Sfn
- 4–5 August 1997Template:Sfn
- 26–27 April 1999Template:Sfn
- 28–29 April 2000Template:Sfn
- 31 July – 1 August 2001Template:Sfn
- 21–22 November 2002Template:Sfn
- 30–31 March 2005Template:Sfn
See also
- India–China border agreements
- 1988: Joint press communique, 23 December
- Confidence building measures
- 1993: Border Peace and Tranquility Agreement
- 1996: Agreement on Military Confidence Building Measures
- 2005: Protocol for the Implementation of Military Confidence Building Measures
- Political measures
- 2003: Declaration on Principles for Relations and Comprehensive Cooperation
- 2005: Agreement on the Political Parameters and Guiding Principles for the Settlement of the India–China Boundary Question
- 2012: Agreement on the Establishment of a Working Mechanism for Consultation and Coordination on India–China Border Affairs
- 2013: Border Defence Cooperation Agreement
- 2020: 5 point statementTemplate:Tree list/end
References
- ↑ Sino-Indian Ties: The 11th Round of Joint Working Group Meeting, Singh, Bhartendu Kumar. ipcs.org. Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies(7 June 1999). Retrieved 2021-02-28.
- ↑ Sino-Indian Joint Press Communique (Beijing, 23 December 1988). fmprc.gov.cn. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China(2000-11-15). Retrieved 2021-02-28.
- Bibliography
- India–China Border Dispute: A Case Study of the Eastern Sector{{#if:Sali|, Sali}. A.P.H. Publishing Corporation(1998). ISBN 81-7024-964-3
- India–China Relations: Politics of Resources, Identity and Authority in a Multipolar World Order{{#if:Panda|, Panda}. Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group(2017). ISBN 978-1-138-83359-3