Indian passport

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Template:Infobox identity document

An Indian passport is a passport issued by the Ministry of External Affairs of the Republic of India to Indian citizens for the purpose of international travel. It enables the bearer to travel internationally and serves as proof of the Republic of India citizenship as per the Passports Act (1967). The Passport Seva (Passport Service) unit of the Consular, Passport & Visa (CPV) Division of the Ministry of External Affairs functions as the issuing authority and is responsible for issuing Indian passports on application to all eligible Indian citizens. Indian passports are issued at 97 passport offices located across India and at 197 Indian diplomatic missions abroad.[1]

Previously, passports were not popular among the masses due to a time-consuming and complicated process and limited access to the passport facilitation centres located only in major cities. With the expansion of centres and technological improvements, accompanied by increased outsourcing of professionals and an expanding middle-class, the percentage is expected to go up.[2]

As of 31 December 2023, 6.5 per cent of Indian citizens possessed a valid passport, with Kerala having the highest number of passport holders of all Indian states.[3]

History

Template:Main

British Indian Empire

British Indian passports were issued to British subjects of the British Indian Empire, as well as to British subjects from other parts of the British Empire, and subjects of the British protected states in India (i.e. British protected persons of the 'princely states').[4] These passports were introduced in British India after the First World War.[5] The Indian Passport Act of 1920 required the use of passports, established controls on the foreign travel of Indians, and foreigners travelling to and within India.[6] The passport was based on the format agreed upon by the 1920 League of Nations International Conference on Passports.[7] However, the British Indian passport had very limited usage, being valid for travel only within the British Empire, Italy, Switzerland, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Germany, France, Spain, Norway, Sweden and Holland.[8]

Dominion of India

The use of the passport was discontinued after the establishment of the Dominion of India and Dominion of Pakistan in 1947, and its bearers were entitled to opt for Indian, Pakistani or British nationality.

Passport laws were made strict in both the countries in 1952. Initially, Indian passports were granted only to "respectable" people. A literacy test was required, and passports were denied to Communist Party of India members.[9] Only in 1967 did the Supreme Court rule that every citizen had the right to a passport.[10]

Contemporary

Following the end of British rule, the Government of India began issuing national passports to its citizens, replacing British Indian travel documents. Early post-independence passports were simple paper booklets, often handwritten or typewritten, bearing the State Emblem of India and inscriptions in Hindi and English.

A statutory framework for passport issuance was established with the enactment of the Passports Act, 1967, which consolidated the central government's authority over the issuance, refusal, impounding, and revocation of passports. The Act remains the primary legislation governing passports in India. During the 1970s and 1980s, Indian passports were gradually standardized in format and printing. Security features such as lamination of the biographical data page were introduced to reduce tampering and forgery.[11]

In the 1990s, India adopted Machine Readable Passports (MRPs) in accordance with standards established by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). These passports incorporated a machine-readable zone (MRZ) on the identity page, enabling automated scanning at immigration checkpoints and improving border control efficiency. The introduction of MRPs aligned India with global civil aviation norms and facilitated international travel for Indian citizens.[11]

Select passport offices in India, as well as overseas missions, were authorised to issue regular India-Bangladesh Passport to Indian nationals resident in West Bengal and the North-Eastern States; India-Sri Lanka Passport to Indian nationals resident in Tamil Nadu and Puducherry; and the India-Pakistan Passport to Indian nationals whose ancestral homes lay on the other side of the Radcliffe Line. These three passports respectively permitted travel to Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Pakistan only and were not valid for travel to other foreign countries. Both India and Bangladesh stopped issuing the India-Bangladesh Passport in 2013 due to changes in ICAO regulations.[12][13]

During the 2010s and early 2020s, additional security features were incorporated into Indian passports, including holographic images, ultraviolet-visible elements, microprinting, and improved security paper.

In April 2024, The Union Government finally started the test rollout of biometric passports to ordinary citizens. It started with the testing of the project at Regional Passport Offices (RPO) in Nagpur, Bhubaneswar, Jammu, Goa, Shimla, Raipur, Amritsar, Jaipur, Chennai, Hyderabad, Surat, and Ranchi. In Tamil Nadu, the Regional Passport Office in Chennai started issuing e-passports on March 3, 2025. As of March 22, 2025, over 20,700 e-passports had been issued, receiving overall positive response. Since September 4th 2025, all Ordinary Passports issued have been ePassports from all Regional Passport Offices of India as well at Indian Embassies and Consulate worldwide due to the global launch of PSP 2.0. In 2025, India finished the phased rollout of biometric passports

Types

File:Indian Passport (e-Passport, 2024).svg
Cover of a ordinary passport.

Template:Color box Ordinary Passport (Navy Blue) is issued to ordinary citizens for private travel, such as for vacation, study and business trips (36 or 60 pages). It is a "Type PP" passport, where P stands for Personal. Since 2025, all Ordinary Passports issued have been ePassports, with an embedded electronic microprocessor chip into the passport from all Regional Passport Offices of India as well at Indian Embassies and Consulate worldwide.

File:Indian Official Passport.svg
Cover of an Official Passport

Template:Color box Official Passport (White cover) is issued to individuals representing the Government of India on official business, including members of the Indian Armed Forces stationed abroad. It is a "Type S" passport, S stands for Service. Since 2021, all Official Passports issued have been ePassports, with a data chip embedded into the document.

File:Indian Diplomatic Passport.svg
Cover of a Diplomatic Passport

Template:Color box Diplomatic Passport (Maroon cover) is issued to Indian diplomats, Members of Parliament, members of the Union Council of Ministers, certain high-ranking government officials and diplomatic couriers, as well as their dependants. Upon request, it may also be issued to high-ranking state-level officials travelling on official business. It is a "Type D" passport, with D standing for Diplomatic. Since 2008, all Diplomatic Passports have been ePassports, with a data chip embedded into the document. Visa requirements normally applied to Indian citizens are waived for Diplomatic Passport holders.

Tatkaal and SVP

Tatkaal Passports (for urgent needs),[14] and Short Validity Passport (SVP)[15] are also available and these are likely considered Ordinary Passports once issued.

Physical appearance

Early passports dating back to the British Empire were handwritten; in addition, more than a hundred thousand handwritten passports were issued between 1997 and 2000 with 20-year validity dates. These passports have been ruled invalid by the Indian government and holders must replace them with machine-readable versions with validity for 10 years due to ICAO regulations.[16]

Versions prior to 2021 had deep bluish cover with golden coloured printing. The Emblem of India emblazoned in the centre of the front cover. The words भारत गणराज्य in Devanagari and REPUBLIC OF INDIA were inscribed below the Emblem whereas पासपोर्ट in Devanagari and PASSPORT in English were inscribed above the emblem.

The latest version of 2021 has the official name of the country and "Passport" engravings' positions changed mutually. The passport has the passport number perforated. The pages have been re-designed.

The standard passport contains 36 pages, but frequent travellers can opt for a passport containing 60 pages.[17]

File:Indianpassportbiopage2025.jpg
Biographic Page of Indian Passport

Identity Information Page

  • The Bio data page contains the following information:
    • Type: P- Stands for "Personal", if it's a Diplomatic or Service passport then it listed as "D" or "S"
    • Code: (listed as IND for "India")
    • Nationality: भारतीय / INDIAN
    • Passport number
    • Surname
    • Given name(s)
    • Date of birth
    • Sex
    • Place of birth
    • Place of issue
    • Date of issue
    • Date of expiry
    • Photo of passport holder
    • Ghost picture of the passport holder (only passports issued since 2013)
    • Signature of the passport holder
    • The information page ends with the Machine Readable Passport Zone (MRZ).
File:Indianpassportbackpage2025.jpg
Demographic Page of Indian Passport

Demographic Page

  • Name of Father/Legal Guardian
  • Name of Mother
  • Name of Spouse
  • Address
  • Old passport no. with date and place of issue
  • File number

Passport note

All passports contain a note in Hindi and English, nominally from the President of India, addressing the authorities of all countries and territories:

Template:Cquote

Template:Cquote

The note bearing page is typically stamped and signed by the issuing authority (Passport Office) in the name of the President of India.

Languages

The text of Indian Passport is printed in Hindi and English, the two official languages of India. (As per article 343 of the Indian Constitution).

Emigration check

File:Warning inside Ankit Love's 2006 Republic of Inda passport.jpg
A page in the Indian passport (issued before 2007) with Emigration check note. In passports issued after 2007, a blank first page means Emigration Check Not Required status.

Holders of Emigration Check Required (ECR) type passports need a clearance called an Emigration Check from the Government of India's Protector of Emigrants when going to selected countries on a work visa. This is to prevent the exploitation of Indian workers (especially the unskilled and less-educated) when going abroad, particularly to Middle Eastern countries. ECR type passport holders travelling on a tourist visa do not need a clearance; this is known as an Emigration Check Suspension.

Emigration Check Not Required (ECNR) status passports are granted to:

  • Indian nationals born abroad;
  • Indian nationals holding at least a matriculation certificate;
  • All holders of diplomatic or official passports.
  • All gazetted government servants;
  • All income-tax payers (including agricultural income-tax payers) in their individual capacity;
  • All graduate and professional degree holders (such as architects, doctors, engineers, chartered accountants, scientists, lawyers, etc.);
  • Spouses and dependent children of category of certain holders of ECNR passports;
  • Seamen in possession of a continuous discharge certificate;
  • Sea Cadets and Deck Cadets who have:
    • Passed their final examination on a three-year BSc Nautical Sciences Course at TS Chanakya, Mumbai; and
    • Undergone three months' pre-sea training at any of the government-approved training institutes such as TS Chanakya, TS Jawahar, TS Rehman, Maritime Training Institute (SCI), or National Institute of Personnel Management, Chennai, after production of identity cards issued by the Shipping Master at Mumbai, Kolkata, or Chennai;
  • Persons holding a Permanent Immigration Visa, such as visas issued by the UK, USA, or Australia;
  • Persons possessing a two years' diploma from any institute recognized by the National Council for Vocational Training (NCVT) or the State Council of Vocational Training (SCVT), or persons holding a three years' diploma or equivalent degree from an institution such as a polytechnic recognized by the union or a state government;
  • Nurses possessing qualifications recognised under the Indian Nursing Council Act, 1947;
  • All persons above the age of 50 years;
  • All persons who have been staying abroad for more than three years (whether in one continuous period or in aggregate), as well as their spouses;
  • All children up to the age of 18 years.

In accordance with a ruling by the Ministry of External Affairs, passports issued from 2007 onwards do not have the ECNR stamp affixed; instead, a blank page 2 of the passport is deemed to have been ECNR endorsed. As a result, only ECR stamps are now affixed to Indian passports. For passports issued before January 2007, no notation in the passport means ECR. For passports issued in or after January 2007, no notation in the passport means ECNR. If Emigration Check is Required, there will be an endorsement in the passport regarding ECR.

Features

Since 25 November 2015, Indian passports that are handwritten or with an original date of expiry extending to 20 years have not been valid under ICAO travel regulations.[18] With more recent Indian passports the personal particulars of the passport holder, that were hitherto printed on the inner cover page, are printed on the second page of the document. Another added security feature in the newer non-handwritten passports is a ghost picture of the holder found on the right side of the second page. Apart from stymieing criminals from printing fake passports, recent changes also help prevent smudging of the document because of inkjet printers.[19][20]

Fees

The price for a standard passport in India:[21]

  • Template:Indian Rupees1500 – Fresh issuance or reissue of passport (36 pages, standard size) with 10-year validity.
  • Template:Indian Rupees2000 – Fresh issuance or reissue of passport (60 pages, 'jumbo' size) with 10-year validity.
  • Template:Indian Rupees3500 – First time applicant or renewal with expedited ('tatkaal') service (36 pages) with 10-year validity.
  • Template:Indian Rupees4000 – First time applicant or renewal with expedited ('tatkaal') service (60 pages) with 10-year validity.
  • Template:Indian Rupees1000 – Fresh passport issuance for minors (below 18 years of Age) with 5-year validity or till the minor attains the age of 18, whichever is earlier.
  • Template:Indian Rupees3000 – Duplicate passport (36 pages) in lieu of lost, damaged or stolen passport.
  • Template:Indian Rupees3500 – Duplicate passport (60 pages) in lieu of lost, damaged or stolen passport.

Indian passports can also be issued outside India, for which fees vary by country.

Senior citizens and children below the age of 8 years get a 10% discount according to the official fee structure.[22]

Issuance

Passport Seva Kendra

Template:Further In September 2007, the Indian Union Council of Ministers approved a new passport issuance system under the Passport Seva Project. As per the project, front-end activities of passport issuance, dispatch of passports, online linking with police, and Central Printing Unit for centralised printing of passports will be put in place. The new system is trying to be 'timely, transparent, more accessible and reliable manner' for passport issuance. The applicant has to apply for fresh/reissue of passport through the Passport Seva system at one of the 77 Passport offices known as "Passport Seva Kendra"s operating throughout the country.

Passport Seva Programme (PSP) Version 2.0

On the occasion of the 13th Passport Seva Divas, held in June 2025, External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar commended the work of passport officials both within India and abroad. He highlighted their role in what he described as a “remarkable transformation” in passport service delivery over the past decade.

During the event, the Minister officially announced the nationwide implementation of e-passports, marking a significant advancement in the Indian passport infrastructure. He also unveiled updates under the Passport Seva Programme (PSP) Version 2.0, which introduces the use of advanced and emerging technologies aimed at improving efficiency, security, and transparency in the issuance and management of passports.

In a post on social media platform X, Jaishankar reiterated the government’s commitment to citizen-centric governance and praised the dedication of passport personnel who contributed to modernizing the passport delivery system.[23]

Visa requirements

Visa requirements for Indian citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of India.

Passport Power Ranking and visa-free travel

Template:Main

File:Visa Requirements for Indian Citizens.svg
Visa requirements for Indian citizens Template:Legend Template:Legend Template:Legend Template:Legend Template:Legend Template:Legend Template:Legend

As of 2025, The Passport Index currently ranks the Indian passport at 66th place out of 199[note 1] passports on global ranking with a mobility score of 74 (based on visa-free, visa on arrival and ETA access to nations or territories).[24]

As of 2025 Indian citizens have visa-free entry to 71 countries, 56 visa on arrival facility to countries and e-visa or ETA to 64 countries with a UK/US/CA/EU tourist and business visa or residency and Permanent residency.[25][26][27][28]

Indian citizens in possession of a valid United States Multiple Entry Visa in their passport may enter the following country(ies) visa-free: Albania, Argentina, Bahamas, Belarus, Belize, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Georgia, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Moldova, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Serbia, Singapore, South Korea, Uruguay, Anguilla, Aruba, Bermuda, Bonaire, Cayman Islands, Curaçao, Kosovo, Sint Eustatius, Sint Maarten, Saba.

Indian citizens in possession of a valid United States Multiple Entry Visa in their passport may enter the following country(ies) and gain a visa-on-arrival: Antigua and Barbuda, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Armenia, Bahrain, Nicaragua, Oman, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates.

Indian citizens in possession of a valid United States Multiple Entry Visa in their passport may enter the following country(ies) and gain a e-visa: Turkiye.

Indian Citizens in possession of a valid Canada Multiple Entry Visa in their passport may enter the following country(ies) visa-free: Bahamas, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Georgia, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Moldova, Montenegro, Nicaragua, North Macedonia, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Uruguay, Anguilla, Aruba, Bermuda, Bonaire, Cayman Islands, Curaçao, Kosovo, Sint Eustatius, Sint Maarten, Saba.

Indian citizens in possession of a valid Canada Multiple Entry Visa in their passport may enter the following country(ies) and gain a visa-on-arrival: Antigua and Barbuda, Armenia, Belize, Oman, United Arab Emirates.

Indian citizens in possession of a valid UK Multiple Entry Visa in their passport may enter the following country(ies) visa-free: Albania, Bahamas, Georgia, Ireland, Mexico, Moldova, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Serbia, Singapore, Uruguay, Anguilla, Aruba, Bermuda, Bonaire, Cayman Islands, Curaçao, Gibraltar, Kosovo, Sint Eustatius, Sint Maarten, Saba.

Indian citizens in possession of a valid UK Multiple Entry Visa in their passport may enter the following country(ies) and gain a visa-on-arrival: Antigua and Barbuda, Armenia, Oman, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates.

Indian citizens in possession of a valid United Kingdom Multiple Entry Visa in their passport may enter the following country(ies) and gain a e-visa: Turkiye.

Indian citizens in possession of a valid Multiple Entry Visa from EU Member States in their passport may enter the following country(ies) visa-free: Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Moldova, Panama, Serbia and Kosovo

Indian citizens in possession of a valid Multiple Entry Visa from EU Member States in their passport may enter the following country(ies) and gain a visa-on-arrival: Armenia, United Arab Emirates.

Indian citizens in possession of a valid EU Multiple Entry Visa in their passport may enter the following country(ies) and gain a e-visa: Turkiye.

Indian citizens are allowed to live, work, and study in Nepal under the provisions laid out by the Indo-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship as well in Bhutan.

Foreign travel statistics

According to the statistics these are the numbers of Indian visitors to various countries in 2017 (unless otherwise noted)

Foreign travel statistics
Destination Number of visitors
Template:FlagTemplate:Refn[29] 63
Template:Flag[30] 9,170
Template:FlagTemplate:Refn[31] 222
Template:FlagTemplate:Refn[32] 366
Template:FlagTemplate:Refn[33] 302,200
Template:FlagTemplate:RefnTemplate:Refn[34] 147,300
Template:FlagTemplate:Refn[35] 6,012
Template:FlagTemplate:RefnTemplate:Refn[36] 900
Template:FlagTemplate:Refn[37] 44,898
Template:FlagTemplate:Refn[38] 172,751
Template:FlagTemplate:Refn[39] 1,338
Template:FlagTemplate:Refn[40] 1,700
Template:Flag[41] 17,413
Template:FlagTemplate:Refn[42] 16,916
Template:FlagTemplate:Refn[43] 46,131
Template:FlagTemplate:Refn[44] 261,801
Template:FlagTemplate:RefnTemplate:Refn[45] 292
Template:FlagTemplate:Refn[46] 4,468
Template:FlagTemplate:Refn[47][48] 799,100
Template:Flag[49] 5,402
Template:FlagTemplate:Refn[50] 2,373
Template:FlagTemplate:Refn[51] 7,415
Template:FlagTemplate:Refn[52] 55,745
Template:Flag[53] 97
Template:FlagTemplate:Refn[54] 4,649
Template:FlagTemplate:Refn[55] 6,867
Template:Flag[56] 524,055
Template:FlagTemplate:Refn[57] 379
Template:FlagTemplate:Refn[58] 59,732
Template:FlagTemplate:Refn[59] 231,244
Template:FlagTemplate:RefnTemplate:Refn[60] 8
Template:FlagTemplate:Refn[61] 392,853
Template:FlagTemplate:RefnTemplate:Refn[62] 33,134
Template:FlagTemplate:Refn[63] 422,045
Template:FlagTemplate:Refn[64] 58,000
Template:FlagTemplate:Refn[65] 225,000
Template:FlagTemplate:Refn[66] 1,834
Template:Flag[67] 103,084
Template:FlagTemplate:Refn[68] 57,720
Template:FlagTemplate:Refn[69] 21,890
Template:FlagTemplate:Refn[70] 19,600
Template:FlagTemplate:Refn[71] 4,343
Template:FlagTemplate:RefnTemplate:Refn[72] 5,476
Template:FlagTemplate:Refn[73] 15,610
Template:FlagTemplate:Refn[74] 148,121
Template:Flag[75] 2,234
Template:FlagTemplate:Refn[76] 671,846
Template:FlagTemplate:Refn[77] 83,019
Template:FlagTemplate:Refn[78] 1,500
Template:FlagTemplate:Refn[77] 86,294
Template:FlagTemplate:Refn[79] 59,020
Template:FlagTemplate:Refn[80] 1,888
Template:FlagTemplate:RefnTemplate:Refn[81] 1,131
Template:Flag[82] 34,628
Template:FlagTemplate:Refn[83] 75,124
Template:FlagTemplate:Refn[84] 155,000
Template:FlagTemplate:Refn[85] 61,440
Template:FlagTemplate:Refn[86] 321,161
Template:Flag[87] 6,748
Template:FlagTemplate:Refn[88] 4,293
Template:FlagTemplate:Refn[89] 7,201
Template:FlagTemplate:Refn[90] 107,278
Template:FlagTemplate:Refn[91] 333,708
Template:FlagTemplate:Refn[92] 16,753
Template:FlagTemplate:Refn[93] 130,400
Template:FlagTemplate:Refn[94] 13,518
Template:FlagTemplate:Refn[95] 1,272,069
Template:FlagTemplate:RefnTemplate:Refn[96] 6,805
Template:Flag[97] 85,639
Template:FlagTemplate:Refn[98] 123,416
Template:FlagTemplate:Refn[99] 141,122
Template:FlagTemplate:Refn[100] 356,729
Template:FlagTemplate:Refn[101] 1,045
Template:FlagTemplate:Refn[102] 40,846
Template:FlagTemplate:Refn[103] 69,876
Template:FlagTemplate:Refn[104][105] 1,595,754
Template:FlagTemplate:RefnTemplate:Refn[106] 799
Template:FlagTemplate:Refn[107] 86,996
Template:FlagTemplate:Refn[108] 23,173
Template:FlagTemplate:Refn[109] 2,073,000
Template:FlagTemplate:Refn[110] 525,000
Template:FlagTemplate:RefnTemplate:Refn[111] 2,055,480
Template:FlagTemplate:Refn[112] 18,100
Template:Flag[113] 25,517
Template:Flag[114] 5,421
  1. ↑ MEA CPV Division. Retrieved 18 February 2008.
  2. ↑ Only 5.5 per cent of India's population have passports: report - BusinessToday. Business Today(2017-07-24). Retrieved 2025-12-17.
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  10. ↑ Satwant Singh Sawhney vs D. Ramarathnam, Assistant ... on 10 April, 1967(1967-04-10).
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  12. ↑ 41-year-old India-Bangladesh passport regime ends. The Times of India(2 December 2013). Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  13. ↑ Indo-Bangla special passport to go. BdNews24.com(13 November 2013).
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  17. ↑ | vfsglobal - vfsglobal.
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  45. ↑ Welcome to the Cayman Islands Department of Tourism (CIDOT) Destination Statistics Website.. Retrieved 26 March 2018.
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  62. ↑ TOURISM IN HUNGARY 2016. Retrieved 4 March 2017.
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See also

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References

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