Konyak is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken by the Konyak people in the state of Nagaland, north-eastern India.
The language has Template:Sigfig speakers in the state (as of the 2011 census); most of these (Template:Sigfig) are in Mon district, with smaller populations in the districts of Dimapur (Template:Sigfig), Kohima (Template:Sigfig), Mokokchung (Template:Sigfig), and Longleng (Template:Sigfig).[1] There are also an estimated 2,000 speakers in neighbouring Myanmar, specifically in Hkamti District and in Lahe township.[2]
Dialects
Konyak (2021)
A list of Konyak dialects from Hoipo Konyak (2021:5) is given below.[3]
Ethnologue
Ethnologue lists the following dialects of Konyak.
Tableng is the standard dialect spoken in Wanching and Wakching.
Phonology
There are three lexically contrastive contour tones in Konyak – rising (marked in writing by an acute accent – á), falling (marked by a grave accent – à) and level (unmarked).[4]
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | Template:IPA | Template:IPA | Template:IPA |
| Mid | Template:IPA | Template:IPA | Template:IPA |
| Open | Template:IPA |
The vowels Template:IPA, Template:IPA and Template:IPA are lengthened before approximants. Template:IPA does not occur finally.
Consonants
The stops Template:IPA and Template:IPA contrast with the aspirated Template:IPA and Template:IPA. Template:IPA and Template:IPA become voiced intervocalically across morpheme boundaries. The dental Template:IPA is realised as an alveolar if preceded by a vowel with a rising tone. The approximants Template:IPA and Template:IPA are pronounced laxer and shorter after vowels; Template:IPA becomes tenser initially before high vowels. If morpheme-initial or intervocalic, Template:IPA is pronounced with audible friction.[5] Template:IPA, Template:IPA, Template:IPA, Template:IPA, Template:IPA, Template:IPA and Template:IPA do not occur morpheme-finally, while Template:IPA does not appear morpheme-initially. Except for morpheme-initial Template:IPA and Template:IPA, consonant clusters occur only medially.[6]
References
- ↑ C-16: Population by mother tongue, Nagaland – 2011. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
- ↑ Template:E25
- ↑ Konyak, Hoipo. 2021. A preliminary grammar of Chen, a Konyak language of India and Myanmar. M.A. dissertation. Chiang Mai: Payap University.
- ↑ Template:Harvnb
- ↑ Template:Harvnb
- ↑ Template:Harvnb
Bibliography
- [{{{url}}} Konyak Grammar]. Central Institute of Indian Languages.
Further reading
- [{{{url}}} Primer for Adults in Konyak Language].
- [{{{url}}} Hindi-Konyak Dictionary]. Nagaland Bhasha Parishad.
- [{{{url}}} Konyak Vyakaran ki Ruprekha]. Nagaland Bhasha Parishad.
- Kinship terms in Konyak Naga.
- [{{{url}}} Konyak–Hindi–English Dictionary]. Central Institute of Indian Languages.
- [{{{url}}} Relativization in Konyak].
Template:Sino-Tibetan languages Template:Sal languages Template:Languages of Northeast India Template:Languages of Burma