Template:Hindu scriptures The Kurma Purana (IAST: Kūrma Purāṇa) is one of the eighteen Mahapurana, and a medieval era text of Hinduism. The text is named after the tortoise avatar of Vishnu.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
The manuscripts of Kurma Purana have survived into the modern era in many versions.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn[1] The number of chapters vary with regional manuscripts, and the critical edition (edited by Anand Swarup Gupta, and published by the All-India Kashiraj Trust, Varanasi) of the Kurma Purana has 95 chapters.Template:Sfn Tradition believes that the Kurma Purana text had 17,000 verses, the extant manuscripts have about 6,000 verses.Template:Sfn
The text, states Ludo Rocher, is the most interesting of all the Puranas in its discussion of religious ideas, because while it is a Vaishnavism text, Vishnu does not dominate the text.Template:Sfn Instead, the text covers and expresses reverence for Vishnu, Shiva and Shakti with equal enthusiasm.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn The Kurma Purana, like other Puranas, includes legends, mythology, geography, Tirtha (pilgrimage), theology and a philosophical Gita. The notable aspect of its Gita, also called the Ishvaragita, is that it is Shiva who presents ideas similar to those found in the Bhagavad Gita.Template:Sfn[2]
Date
The original core of the text may have been composed about the start of the 8th-century CE, and revised thereafter over the centuries.Template:Sfn
The Kurma Purana, like all Puranas, has a complicated chronology. Dimmitt and van Buitenen state that each of the Puranas is encyclopedic in style, and it is difficult to ascertain when, where, why and by whom these were written:Template:Sfn
Structure
The Kurma Purana exists in many versions, but all of them consist of two parts—the Purva-vibhaga (older part) and Upari-vibhaga (upper part).Template:Sfn The number of chapters vary with the manuscripts.Template:Sfn The critical edition of the different manuscripts contains fifty one chapters in Purva-vibhaga and forty four in Upari-vibhaga.Template:Sfn
Contents
Kurma is, states Rocher, the most interesting religion-themed Purana, because even though it is named after one of the Vishnu avatar, it contains a combination of Vishnu and Shiva related legends, mythology, Tirtha (pilgrimage) and theology.Template:Sfn The stories are similar to those found in the other Puranas, but neither Vishnu nor Shiva dominate the text.Template:Sfn The text presents a tour guide to medieval Varanasi (also known as the holy city of Banaras or Kashi), but mostly about the Shaiva sites, while elsewhere Pancharatra stories present Vishnu prominently but with Sri as the Supreme Shakti who is energy and power of all gods including Vishnu, Shiva, Brahma.Template:Sfn
The Kurma Purana, like other Puranas, includes a philosophical Gita.Template:Sfn It is titled Ishvaragita, and its eleven chapters are an adaptation of Bhagavad Gita in a Shiva-as-spokesman format.Template:Sfn These eleven chapters are in the Template:IAST.[2]
The Ishvara-gita borrows and refers to the Upanishads such as the Katha Upanishad and Shvetashvatara Upanishad.Template:Sfn It presents yoga and vrata like the Bhagavad Gita, but as a discourse from Shiva. The discourse begins after Vishnu and Shiva embrace each other, according to the text, and then Vishnu invites Shiva to explain the nature of the world, life and self. Shiva explains Atman (soul, self), Brahman-Purusha, Prakriti, Maya, Yoga and Moksha.Template:Sfn The philosophical theme, states Rocher is built on Advaita Vedanta ideas, that is emphasizing the identity of the Atman (individual soul) and the Ultimate Reality concept of Brahman.Template:Sfn The text is notable for asserting that anyone from any varna can achieve liberation through Bhakti yoga.Template:Sfn
The Template:IAST (I.106. 1-22) gives a brief overview of the sections of the Kurma Purana, along with summaries of other Puranas.[3]
References
- ↑ The Study of Hinduism{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}. University of South Carolina Press(2003). ISBN 978-1-57003-449-7
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Lord Śiva's Song: The Īśvara Gītā{{#if:Nicholson|, Nicholson}. State University of New York Press(2014). ISBN 9781438451022
- ↑ The Puranas{{#if:Hazra|, Hazra}. Ramakrishna Mission Institute of Culture(1962). ISBN 81-85843-03-1
Bibliography
- Krishna: A Sourcebook{{#if:Bryant|, Bryant}. Oxford University Press(2007). ISBN 978-0-19-803400-1
- Classical Hindu Mythology: A Reader in the Sanskrit Puranas{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}. Temple University Press (1st Edition: 1977)(2012). ISBN 978-1-4399-0464-0
- Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide{{#if:Dalal|, Dalal}. Penguin(2014). ISBN 978-8184752779
- Epic and Puranic Bibliography (Up to 1985) Annoted and with Indexes: Part I: A - R, Part II: S - Z, Indexes{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag(1992). ISBN 978-3-447-03028-1
- The Puranas{{#if:Rocher|, Rocher}. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag(1986). ISBN 978-3447025225
- The Vishnu Purana: A System of Hindu Mythology and Tradition (Volume 1: Introduction, Book I){{#if:Wilson|, Wilson}. Read Country Books (reprinted in 2006)(1864). ISBN 1-84664-664-2
Further reading
- Mani, Vettam. Puranic Encyclopedia. 1st English ed. New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1975.