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Lal Sena (लाल सेना; lit. Red Army) was an organised armed militia of CPIML Liberation in northeastern India, across the terrains of central Bihar, north-west of today's Jharkhand, and a few districts of eastern Uttar Pradesh. It was formed mainly by lower caste (middle and lower class) peasantry and landless labourers. It was active from 1974 - 1990 [1][2]
Background
In 1960s, when the Naxalite movement[3] started under the leadership of Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist),[4] the poor peasantry and agricultural labourers who belonged mainly to the lower castes started taking side with the communists in central Bihar across the districts of Bhojpur, Gaya, Nalanda, Patna and Aurangabad. Several violent armed clashes occurred between the landlords and poor/landless peasantry. During the 1970s, CPI (ML) faced hard offence from central and state governments throughout India and splintered into several ML factions. In 1974, one of the ML factions was able to hold on to the grounds and reorganised itself into the CPI(ML) Liberation political party.[5]
Meanwhile, the landlords/landowners most of whom economically were from upper class peasantry (mainly upper caste ) organised themselves based on caste lines into several landlord gentries. In retaliation Lal Sena guerrilla armed squads, were organised by then underground CPI (ML) Liberation.[6][7][8]
After 2005
Since the late 2000s, Lal Sena's squad activity has been curtailed. The CPI (ML) Liberation party's movements took a militant but democratic approach through legalised workers, peasants, students, youth and women organisations, as noted by Dr. Sanjay K. Jha:[9]
See also
References
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedauto4 - ↑ The Naxalite Maoist Insurgency. Studies in International Strategic Issues({Template:Year).
- ↑ Naxalite Maoist Insurgency In India History Essay. UKEssays. Retrieved 2016-12-12.
- ↑ Naxalbari: The Beginning – Indian Express. archive.indianexpress.com. Retrieved 2016-12-12.
- ↑ History of Naxalism. Hindustan Times(2003-05-09). Retrieved 2016-12-12.
- ↑ Private caste armies in Bihar, South Asia Terrorism Portal. www.satp.org. Retrieved 2016-12-10.
- ↑ Chronology of Massacres in Central Bihar (1977–2001), South Asia Terrorism Portal. www.satp.org. Retrieved 2016-12-10.
- ↑ Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation Major AchievementsCommunist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation. cpiml.org. Retrieved 2016-12-15.
- ↑ Naxalite Movement in Bihar and Jharkhandtc. asthabharati.org. Retrieved 2016-12-13.