Indian Naval Air Arm

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The Indian Naval Air Arm is the aviation branch and a fighting arm of the Indian Navy which is tasked to provide an aircraft carrier-based strike capability, fleet air defence, maritime reconnaissance, and anti-submarine warfare.

The Flag Officer Naval Aviation (FONA) appears to direct the field operations of the air arm.[1]

History

File:INS Vikrant (R11) launches an Alize aircraft during Indo-Pakistani War of 1971.jpg
A Bréguet 1050 Alizé anti-submarine aircraft taking off from INS Vikrant

The first naval air station, INS Garuda, was inaugurated in Cochin on 11 May 1953.[2] This went hand-in-hand with the commissioning of the No.550 Squadron,[3] utilising Short Sealand aircraft[4] and Fairey Firefly aircraft[5]

The commissioning of No.300 White Tigers Squadron,[6] consisting of Sea Hawks, happened in 1961.[7]

In 1961, Template:INS (formerly HMS Hercules) was acquired by the Indian Navy.[8] VikrantTemplate:'s initial airwing consisted of British Hawker Sea Hawk fighter-bombers and a French Alize anti-submarine aircraft. On 18 May 1961, the first jet landed on board, piloted by Lieutenant (later Admiral) Radhakrishna Hariram Tahiliani. That year, the No.310 Cobras Squadron (consisting of Alize aircraft[7][9]) was commissioned. After playing an important role in several major Indian military actions, specifically the Liberation of Goa and the India-Pakistani war of 1971, she was decommissioned in January 1997[10] and scrapped.[11]

In 1976, the Indian Air Force handed over Super Constellation[12] aircraft to the No.312 Albatross Squadron[13] in Dabolim, Goa. Being fairly old aircraft at that point, these were withdrawn from active service by 1983. To replace them in the maritime patrol role, Soviet aircraft were acquired. The No. 315 Winged Stallions Squadron was commissioned in 1977 with the Ilyushin Il-38 aircraft.[14]

In December 1961, INS Vikrant participated in Operation Vijay, the liberation of Goa from Portugal. Its role was primarily to deter foreign naval intervention during the 40-hour-long military action.[15]

INS Vikrant played a major role in the successful naval blockade of East Pakistan.[16] Stationed off the Andaman & Nicobar Islands escorted by the Template:Sclass Template:INS, as well as Template:INS, Vikrant redeployed towards Chittagong at the outbreak of hostilities.[17] The morning of 4 December 1971, the eight Sea Hawk aircraft on Vikrant launched an air raid on Cox's Bazar from Template:Convert away. That evening, the air group struck Chittagong harbour. Other strikes targeted Khulna and Mongla. A PTI message is supposed to have read, "Chittagong harbour ablaze as ships and aircraft of the (Pakistan) Eastern Naval Fleet bombed and rocketed. Not a single vessel can be put to sea from Chittagong". Air strikes staged from Vikrant continued till 10 December 1971.

Given naval intelligence that indicated the intent of the Pakistan Navy to break through the Indian Naval blockade using camouflaged merchant ships, VikrantTemplate:'s Sea Hawks struck shipping in the Chittagong and Cox's Bazar harbours, sinking or incapacitating most merchant ships there.

The Hughes 269 helicopter was previously in service for training.[18]

File:Harrier IN Malabar 07.jpg
A Sea Harrier takes off from Template:INS

The BAE Sea Harrier inducted in the 1980s operated from Template:INS.[19] Until 6 March 2016,[20][21][22] the BAE Sea Harrier FRS Mk.51 / T Mk.60 flew with the INAS 300 and INAS 552 squadrons of the Indian Navy. The Sea Harriers are armed with the Matra Magic-II AAM and the Sea Eagle Anti-ship missiles. The aircraft were upgraded with the Elta EL/M-2032 radar and the Rafael Derby BVRAAM missiles.[23]

File:Indian Navy Tupolev Tu-142MK-E Krivchikov.jpg
Tu-142MK-E

Year 1988 saw the induction of Tupolev 142M into service. The aircraft started operations from Dabolim in Goa and later shifted its operations to INS Rajali in 1992. Tu-142M was primarily used in the long-range maritime reconnaissance and anti-submarine warfare role. The aircraft served the navy till 2018 and participated in the Indian Peace Keeping Mission in Sri Lanka. Also participated in Operation Cactus in Maldives, in which the fleeing mercenaries were detected and tracked until apprehended by ships.[24]

On 11 May 2013, first squadron of MiG-29K was commissioned.[25] These aircraft were commissioned as a replacement of the ageing Sea Harrier.[26] after 46 years of service the Il-38 patrol aircraft was retired from the force on 31 October 2023. More P-8I aircraft are planned to replace them.[27]

The Naval Aviation Museum located in Bogmalo, Template:Convert from Vasco da Gama, Goa, India showcases the history of the Naval Air Arm.

Aircraft inventory

Template:See also

Fixed-wing aircraft

Mikoyan MiG-29K

File:An Indian Navy MIG-29K Fulcrum flies over the aircraft carrier USS Nimitz (CVN 68) during Exercise Malabar 2017.jpg
MiG 29K during Malabar 2017 exercise

As reported by MiG Bureau, the Indian Navy's association with the MiG-29K began in Apr 2002 when a team led by Commander Gupta reached Moscow to evaluate the MiG-29K prototype for possible induction into the Indian Navy.[28][29] The Team evaluated the aircraft on ground as well as in the air (the flight evaluation was conducted by a Navy Test Pilot Commander Ahuja). Some other aircraft were also evaluated but the MiG-29K was chosen. On 20 January 2004, the Indian Navy signed a contract for 12 single-seat MiG-29K and 4 two-seat MiG-29KUB. The first MIG-29K for the Indian Navy took flight on 22 January 2007. The MIG-29 KUB (two-seat trainer) is similar to the MIG-29K but with reduced operational range. The aircraft will be fielded on the aircraft carrier Template:INS.[30]

The first squadron, INAS 303, the "Black Panthers",[31] was commissioned on 11 May 2013.[25] On 11 July 2016, second squadron, INAS 300, was commissioned.[26] The delivery of the aircraft to the Indian Navy started in 2009.

The fighter plane is different from the MiG-29 flown by Indian Air Force. The aircraft has been modified for aircraft carrier operation by hardening the undercarriage. It also has much better 'over-the-nose' vision to make it easy to land aboard a carrier at a high angle of attack. Modifications made for Indian Navy requirement featured Zhuk-ME radar, RD-33MK engine, combat payload up to Template:Convert, 13 hardpoints (inclusive of the multi-lock bomb carriers), additional fuel tanks situated in dorsal spine fairing and wing LERXs, increased total fuel capacity by 50% comparing to first variant of MiG-29 and an updated 4-channel digital fly-by-wire flight control system. With special coatings, the MiG-29K radar reflecting surface is 4–5 times smaller than of basic MiG-29. Cockpit displays consist of wide HUDs, 3 colour LCD MFDs (7 on the MiG-29KUB), a French Sigma-95 satellite GPS module and Topsight E helmet-mounted targeting system compatible with the full range of weapons carried by the MiG-29M and MiG-29SMT.[32]

Boeing P-8I Neptune

File:Boeing P-8I of the Indian Navy.jpg
A Boeing P-8I of the Indian Navy

New Delhi and Boeing signed a $2.1 billion contract in January 2009 to deliver eight P-8Is for anti-submarine operations, to replace the ageing fleet of Russian-manufactured Tupolev Tu142M planes. The P-8I varies from the P-8A, wherein it has a Magnetic anomaly detector (MAD) and an aft-mounted radar that provides it with 360-degree aerial radar surveillance capability.[33] It features communication and other devices on-board that have been indigenously developed by Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL).[34] The first squadron, INAS 312, was formed with eight aircraft in November 2015.[33] A follow-on order worth over $1 billion for the purchase of four additional P-8Is was signed in July 2016.[35] The Indian Navy decommissioned the Tupolev Tu-142M aircraft in March 2017.[36] With Boeing delivering the 12th and the final P-8I in February 2022,[37] the second squadron, INAS 316, with four aircraft was formed in March 2022.[38]

In 2026 6 additional P-8I's were ordered[39]

Dornier 228

Indian Navy operates 27[40] Dornier 228 and in process to induct 8 more state-of-the-art Dornier for anti-submarine warfare and maritime patrol from Hindustan Aeronautics Limited. These aircraft are equipped with advanced sensors, glass cockpit, advanced surveillance radar, ELINT, optical sensors and networking features. Currently 4 of Dornier 228 NG aircraft in service in INAS 314.[41]

Helicopters

File:EzV0D8uUcAYRFJy (cropped).jpg
HAL Dhruv MKIII operated by Indian Navy's INAS 323 Harriers squadron.

HAL Dhruv: developed by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited, the Navy received its first Dhruvs on 28 March 2002.[42][43] It is expected to receive a total of 120 units to replace the Chetak helicopters in service. The naval variant is fitted with the Super Vision-2000 maritime radar, capable of detecting targets with low radar cross-section at a range of Template:Convert. The anti-submarine version of the helicopter is fitted with dunking sonar, torpedoes, depth charges. The helicopter may also be fitted with the missiles for anti-ship roles. However, in 2008, the Indian Navy pronounced Dhruv unsuitable for its role as an ASW platform. Indian Navy will continue to procure Dhruv as a multi-role utility platform. During the commissioning ceremony Vice Admiral Sinha said that "In the Navy, Dhruv helicopters have transformed into an advanced search and rescue (SAR) helicopter also used for missions like heliborne operations, and armed patrol with night vision devices. Such machines in the inventory have become imperative for the Navy given the scenario of low-intensity maritime operations (LIMO) and coastal security construct."[44] In 2013 Indian Navy showed keen interest in the armed version of the HAL Rudra. Impressed with the Dhruv's sensors which were able to track ships and also read their names at ranges of Template:Convert. The Navy may induct 20 more helicopters into service.[45] A new squadron INAS 323 Harriers was commissioned with HAL Dhruv MKIII variant. Navy placed order for 16 MKIII helicopters and 6 of them are delivered with the remaining 10 to be delivered by Dec 2021. Naval variant of MKIII comes with 19 specific systems suited for maritime role.[46]

Kamov Ka-25, Kamov Ka-28 and the Kamov Ka-31: The Ka-25 was acquired by the Indian Navy in 1980 for anti-submarine warfare, but had severe technological limitations. The Ka-28s were acquired in the mid-80s and were said to be a quantum leap over their predecessors from an ASW standpoint. The Ka-31[47] takes the Kamov capabilities even further by enabling real-time network-centric warfare for the Indian Navy.

Westland Sea King Mk.42B/C: Used principally for anti-submarine warfare (ASW) and search & rescue roles,[48] the helicopter fleet operate from INS Garuda (Kochi) as well as INS Shikra air stations. US sanctions on India in response to India's nuclear tests resulted in a large part of the Sea King fleet being grounded for want of spare parts. Seventeen of the Sea King helicopters will be upgraded. The upgrade will feature day and night capability, the capability to work in adverse weather conditions, integration of two anti-ship missiles with a range of fifty kilometres and a new radar.[49] The six Mk.42C variants, earlier forming a part of Marine Commando Flight,[50] replaced the UH-3H Sea Kings of the INAS 350 squadron in June 2024. The Mk.42C serves the role of a utility and transport helicopter.[51]

Aérospatiale SA 316 Alouette III: Also known as the Chetak, these choppers have seen active service in the Navy as well as the Coast Guard. They are carried on several combatants as well as non-combatant ships. They are also operated from and maintained at the INS Shikra and INS Utkrosh Naval Air Stations in Mumbai and Port Blair respectively.

File:Sikorsky MH-60R Seahawk helicopter of Indian Navy.jpg
MH-60R Seahawk "Romeo" of Indian Navy

Sikorsky MH-60R Seahawk: The Indian Government signed a $2.4 billion contract in February 2020 for 24 MH-60R helicopters to replace its fleet of Sea King helicopters.[52] The Seahawks will be Indian Navy's primary helicopter for a host of roles including anti-submarine warfare (ASW), anti-surface warfare (ASuW) and airborne early warning and control (AEW&C). The communication equipment like satellite communication and Identification, friend or foe (IFF) equipment for helicopters in this order have been indigenously developed.[53][54] Deliveries commenced in July 2021 when the first 2 helicopters were handed to the Indian Navy.[52] The helicopter was integrated with INS Vikrant in May 2023 with its maiden landing on the aircraft carrier.[55] The first squadron, INAS 334, was formed with six helicopters in March 2024, at Kochi. All remaining helicopters to be delivered by 2025.[53]

UAVs

The Indian Navy operates at least two squadrons of Heron and Searcher Mk-II UAVs, based in Kochi (INAS 342) and Porbandar (INAS 343).[56][57] There are plans to have at least two more squadrons of UAVs.[58] UAVs are controlled from ships to increases the range of surveillance. There are plans to introduce rotary UAVs into the Indian Navy.[59] These UAVs will have higher endurance and load carrying capability resulting in better reconnaissance capabilities.[60] Indian Navy operates 2 leased MQ-9 Reaper for maritime surveillance in the Indian Ocean region.[61] The service also operates a Drishti-10 Starliner from Porbandar for ISR missions.[62][63]

Training

Retired aircraft

Aircraft Role Squadrons No. Service from Service till Notes
Short Sealand Amphibious seaplane INAS 550 10 1953 N/A
Fairey Firefly Target tugging INAS 550 10 1955 N/A IN116 crashed, IN112 preserved in Naval Aviation Museum[67][68]
Hawker Sea Hawk FGA.6 Carrier-based fighter INAS 300,

INAS 551

36 1960 1983 Operated from INS Vikrant. There are several surviving aircraft.
Bréguet 1050 Alizé Carrier-based ASW aircraft INAS 310 14 1961 1991 Operated from INS Vikrant. One unit preserved in Naval Aviation Museum.
Hughes 269C Helicopter training N/A N/A N/A N/A One unit preserved in Naval Aviation Museum.[69]
HAL HPT-32 Deepak Basic Trainer N/A N/A 8 N/A N/A
Lockheed L-1049 Super Constellation Maritime patrol aircraft INAS 312 N/A 1976 1983 IN315 preserved in Naval Aviation Museum. Replaced by Tupolev Tu-142.
BAe Sea Harrier FRS.51 Carrier-based fighter INAS 300,

INAS 551, INAS 552

30 1988 2016 Operated from INS Viraat and initially from INS Vikrant. During retirement, 12 remained in service.
Tupolev Tu-142MK-E Maritime patrol aircraft, ASW aircraft INAS 312 8 1988 2017 Replaced by Boeing P-8I Neptune.[70] Two units preserved including Beach Road, Visakhapatnam and New Town, Kolkata.[71][72]
Ilyushin Il-38SD INAS 315 5 1977 2023 Could carry 2 Sea Eagle and Kh-35E AShM. IN302 and IN304 crashed in 2002.[73] Replaced by Boeing P-8I Neptune.
IAI Searcher MkII Reconnaissance UAV INAS 342 8 2002 2024 [74][75]
Sikorsky UH-3H Sea King Utility helicopter INAS 350 6 2009 2024 Six were bought along with Template:INS.[76][77] In 2024, three remaining units were replaced by Sea King 42C.[51]

Future

During Aero India 2025, the Chief of Naval Staff Admiral Dinesh K Tripathi and Minister of State for Defence Sanjay Seth released a vision document for naval aviation named Atmanirbhar Indian Naval Aviation Technology Roadmap, 2047. The roadmap focused on being equipping the Naval Air Arm with a 400 aircraft strong fleet capable of network-cetric operations and indigenising the entire fleet by 2047. As per the document, the Navy will induct multiple aircraft types over the next two decades which include:[78][79][80]

Future acquisition

Template:Excerpt

Structure

Flag Officer Naval Aviation (FONA) controls training, maintenance and other functions of naval aviation. Aircraft yards at Kochi, Kerala and Dabolim, Goa are responsible for maintaining the fleet's air arm. An exclusive base, INS Shikra for helicopters was commissioned in Mumbai.[81]

To protect and preserve India's growing trade with Southeast Asia and offer a defence against increasing Chinese naval presence in the Bay of Bengal, a new naval base is being built near Visakhapatnam.[82] It is expected to be capable of harbouring two aircraft carriers, including the planned new Vikrant-class aircraft carrier. There are two more naval air stations, INS Rajali and INS Parundu in Tamil Nadu.

Southern Command has at least one airfield, INS Garuda, in Kochi, Kerala.[83] The Hindu reported on 2 February 2009 that a new airbase will be set up in Muscat, Oman to tackle piracy in the Gulf of Aden.[84] Three years later in 2012 it is not clear whether any action has been taken on this proposal. The southernmost naval air station, INS Baaz was formally opened on 31 July 2012 by the Chief of the Indian Navy at Cambell Bay in Andaman and Nicobar Islands. With the commissioning of this station, the country acquired increased capability to keep vigil on the vital maritime channel of the Straits of Malacca.[85]

Notable members

Four naval aviators have risen to become the Chief of the Naval Staff (CNS) - Admirals R. H. Tahiliani, Arun Prakash, Sureesh Mehta and Karambir Singh.

See also

Indian navy related lists
Other Indian navy related
Indian military related

References

  1. ↑ Indian Navy. indiannavy.nic.in(5 Jul 2018). Retrieved 26 Sep 2021.
  2. ↑ 'Military Year-book – India 1965{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}(1971)
  3. ↑ Bharat-Rakshak.com – Indian Navy Timeline – "11 May 1953: First Naval Air Station, INS Garuda, inaugurated at Cochin. No.550 Squadron (consisting of Sealand and Firefly aircraft) commissioned" Template:Webarchive
  4. ↑ Naval Aviation Museum, Dabolim, Goa, India – http://www.warbirdsofindia.com Template:Webarchive
  5. ↑ Naval Aviation Museum, Dabolim, Goa, India – http://www.warbirdsofindia.com Template:Webarchive
  6. ↑ Bharat-Rakshak.com – Indian Navy Timeline – "1960: No.300 White Tigers Squadron (consisting of Sea Hawk aircraft) commissioned." Template:Webarchive
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Naval Aviation Museum, Dabolim, Goa, India – http://www.warbirdsofindia.com Template:Webarchive
  8. ↑ 'Military Year-book – India 1965{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}(1971)
  9. ↑ Aircraft Carriers: The World's Greatest Naval Vessels and Their Aircraft By Richard Jones, Chris Bishop, Chris Chant, Christopher Chant{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}. MBI Publishing Company LLC(15 October 2004). ISBN 9780760320051
  10. ↑ Students' Britannica India By Dale Hoiberg, Indu Ramchandani{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}. Popular Prakashan(2000). ISBN 9780852297605
  11. ↑ Dismantling of INS Vikrant begins Template:Webarchive
  12. ↑ Naval Aviation Museum, Dabolim, Goa, India – http://www.warbirdsofindia.com Template:Webarchive
  13. ↑ Bharat-Rakshak.com – Indian Navy Timeline – "1976: No.312 Albatross Squadron (consisting of Super Constellation aircraft) commissioned." Template:Webarchive
  14. ↑ Bharat-Rakshak.com – Indian Navy Timeline – "01 October 1977: No.315 Winged Stallions Squadron (consisting of IL-38 aircraft) commissioned." Template:Webarchive
  15. ↑ Sankalp India Foundation – "What happened during Operation Vijay (1961)?". Sankalpindia.net(4 January 2009). Retrieved 27 June 2013.
  16. ↑ Aircraft Carriers: The World's Greatest Naval Vessels and Their Aircraft Template:Webarchive By Richard Jones, Chris Bishop, Chris Chant, Christopher Chant
  17. ↑ YouTube documentary(13 April 2007). Retrieved 27 June 2013.
  18. ↑ Indian Naval Hughes 269C. jetphotos.net. Retrieved 21 February 2013.
  19. ↑ YouTube. YouTube. Retrieved 6 February 2015.
  20. ↑ Indian Navy prepares to retire its Sea Harriers. Janes. Retrieved 28 March 2016.
  21. ↑ INAS 300 retires Harriers. Press Information Bureau. Retrieved 11 May 2016.
  22. ↑ Indian Navy retires Sea Harriers. Defense News(21 March 2016). Retrieved 28 March 2016.
  23. ↑ Bharat-Rakshak.com Template:Webarchive: The White Tigers of Rewa
  24. ↑ Indian Navy bids adieu to TU 142M patrol and anti-sub aircraft. The Economic Times. Retrieved 2022-11-25.
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 Commissioning of MiG-29K squadron. The Economic Times(11 May 2013). Retrieved 27 June 2013.
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 INAS 300 retires Harriers. Press Information Bureau. Retrieved 11 May 2016.
  27. ↑ Indian Navy, IAF decommission old Ilyushin-38, MiG-21 aircraft, Ray, Kalyan. Deccan Herald. Retrieved 2023-11-01.
  28. ↑ MIG-29 FULCRUM (MIKOYAN-GUREVICH). Fas.org. Retrieved 27 June 2013.
  29. ↑ MiG-29K/KUB FULCRUM-D at Bharat-Rakshak Template:Webarchive
  30. ↑ First MiG 29 K for Indian Navy takes off(23 January 2007). Retrieved 27 June 2013.
  31. ↑ Livefist: EXCLUSIVE: Navy's MiG-29K Squadron To Be Called "Black Panthers". Livefist.blogspot.com(28 August 2009). Retrieved 27 June 2013.
  32. ↑ Navy's MiG-29K superior to IAF's SU-30MKI. Retrieved 6 February 2015.
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 India Inducts First Squadron of Anti-Submarine Warfare Plane, Diplomat, Franz-Stefan Gady, The. thediplomat.com. Retrieved 25 June 2016.
  34. ↑ BEL supplies P-8I aircraft equipment to Boeing. The Economic Times(23 December 2010). Retrieved 15 April 2023.
  35. ↑ India-US deal to procure four Poseidon-8I aircraft. Deccan Herald(27 July 2016). Retrieved 15 April 2023.
  36. ↑ Indian Navy bids farewell to TU-142M aircraft after 29 years of service. Hindustan Times(30 March 2017). Retrieved 15 April 2023.
  37. ↑ Navy gets full complement of P-8I maritime aircraft, Peri, D. The Hindu(24 February 2022). Retrieved 15 April 2023.
  38. ↑ After 45 years, Indian Navy gets new squadron to keep an eye in the sky. The Times of India(28 March 2022). Retrieved 15 April 2023.
  39. ↑ https://scramble.nl/military-news/additional-p-8i-neptune-lrmr-aircraft-for-india
  40. ↑ World Air Forces directory 2022. Flight Global. Retrieved 2022-01-08.
  41. ↑ Commissioning of INAS 314 - "RAPTORS". Indian Navy(29 November 2019). Retrieved 6 January 2022.
  42. ↑ Bharat-Rakshak.com Template:Webarchive: HAL Dhruv at Aero India '05
  43. ↑ Indian Navy Commissions First Advanced Light Helicopter (Dhruv) Squadron(12 November 2013). Retrieved 6 December 2015.
  44. ↑ The Indian Navy's first Advanced Light Helicopter (ALH) was commissioned at Kochi. dna(12 November 2013). Retrieved 6 February 2015.
  45. ↑ Navy keen on weaponised Dhruv. The Hindu(11 February 2013). Retrieved 6 February 2015.
  46. ↑ Harriers take flight as Navy inducts indigenous version | Goa News - Times of India. The Times of India(Apr 20, 2021). Retrieved 2021-04-20.
  47. ↑ Bharat-Rakshak.com Template:Webarchive: Eyes in the Skies
  48. ↑ Sea King(29 October 2008). Retrieved 26 February 2026.
  49. ↑ India to Upgrade 17 Sea King Copters for $300M. Retrieved 6 February 2015.Template:Dead linkTemplate:Cbignore
  50. ↑ Indian Naval Air Squadrons. Indian Navy.
  51. ↑ 51.0 51.1 Template:Cite press release
  52. ↑ 52.0 52.1 Indian Navy receives first two of 24 MH-60R helicopters from US. India Today(17 July 2021). Retrieved 1 September 2024.
  53. ↑ 53.0 53.1 Navy to raise first MH-60R Seahawk squadron in Kochi on March 6, Singh, Rahul. Hindustan Times(3 March 2024). Retrieved 1 September 2024.
  54. ↑ Six MH 60R multi-mission helicopters to be commissioned into Indian Navy in March, Paul, John. The Hindu(29 February 2024). Retrieved 1 September 2024.
  55. ↑ MH60R helicopter makes maiden landing on INS Vikrant. The Times of India(31 May 2023). Retrieved 1 September 2024.
  56. ↑ Eye in the sky to guard Gujarat coast. The Times of India(18 January 2011). Retrieved 18 January 2011.
  57. ↑ Navy to commission UAV squadron at Porbandar. Zee News(5 January 2011). Retrieved 6 February 2015.
  58. ↑ domain-b.com : Birds of a different feather. Retrieved 6 February 2015.
  59. ↑ Maritime surveillance capability needs to be strengthened: Mehta. The Hindu(2006-12-15). Retrieved 6 February 2015.
  60. ↑ Indian Navy developing new generation UAV. Retrieved 5 June 2008.
  61. ↑ Modi government to fast-track acquisition of lethal Predator drones for Indian Navy and Indian Army. The Financial Express(January 2019). Retrieved 22 January 2019.
  62. ↑ Indian Navy to Induct 10 Drishti 10 MALE Drones for Round-the-Clock Sea Surveillance. Newsd Defence(2026-01-10). Retrieved 2026-01-12.
  63. ↑ Template:Cite tweet
  64. ↑ 64.0 64.1 64.2 Life on Squadron. joinindiannavy.gov.in. Retrieved 2024-10-18.
  65. ↑ Defence Ministry approves acquisition of 15 maritime patrol aircraft: Report. Hindustan Times(2024-02-16). Retrieved 2024-02-16.
  66. ↑ Aatmanirbhar Bharat: DAC clears capital acquisition proposals worth Rs 84,560 crore to boost the capabilities of the Armed Forces & Indian Coast Guard. Press Information Bureau. Retrieved 2024-02-16.
  67. ↑ Fairey Firefly TT.1 & TT.4. www.bharat-rakshak.com. Retrieved 2024-06-01.
  68. ↑ Fairey Firefly [INS112]. Warbirds of India(10 October 2006).
  69. ↑ Indian Naval Hughes 269C. jetphotos.net. Retrieved 21 February 2013.
  70. ↑ Template:Cite press release
  71. ↑ TU 142M Aircraft Museum at Visakhapatnam. Indian Navy. Retrieved 20 January 2019.
  72. ↑ Indian Navy aircraft arrives in city, to be soon put up at naval museum. The Statesman(17 February 2020). Retrieved 6 September 2021.
  73. ↑ India navy planes collide in mid-air(1 October 2002).
  74. ↑ After 22 yrs, Navy de-inducts eight Searcher Mk II UAVs. The Times of India(2024-12-11). Retrieved 2024-12-17.
  75. ↑ Navy bids farewell to eight Searcher Mk II UAVs. The Hindu(2024-12-10). Retrieved 2024-12-17.
  76. ↑ Indian Naval Air Squadrons. Indian Navy.
  77. ↑ Indian navy retires UH-3H Sea Kings, Rajkumar, Mike. Flight Global(2024-07-02). Retrieved 2026-02-26.
  78. ↑ Aero India 2025: Indian Navy envisages a fleet of 400 aircraft to monitor maritime security. The Hindu(2025-02-12). Retrieved 2025-02-26.
  79. ↑ Indian Navy releases vision document on naval aviation. Deccan Herald. Retrieved 2025-02-26.
  80. ↑ Indian Navy opens doors to innovators for critical naval aviation technologies, Patil, Ramu. The New Indian Express(2025-02-07). Retrieved 2025-02-26.
  81. ↑ Navy chief calls for enhanced preparedness. The Hindu(2009-01-23). Retrieved 6 February 2015.
  82. ↑ [1] Template:Webarchive: Western Command
  83. ↑ [2] Template:Webarchive: Southern Command
  84. ↑ Naval air base to tackle piracy. Business Line. Retrieved 6 February 2015.
  85. ↑ Naval air station opened in Campbell Bay(1 August 2012). Retrieved 1 August 2012.

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