| Abbreviation | Religious denomination |
|---|---|
| (AN) | Anglican Church |
| (BP) | Baptist |
| (MD) | Methodist |
| (OO) | Other |
| (PB) | Presbyterian Church |
| (RC) | Roman Catholic Church |
| (UC) | United Church of Canada |
The following is a list of schools that operated as part of the Canadian Indian residential school system.Template:Refn[1][2] The first opened in 1828, and the last closed in 1997.[3][4][5] These schools operated in all Canadian provinces and territories except Prince Edward Island, and New Brunswick.[6]
The Indian Residential School Settlement Agreement (IRSSA) has formally recognized 139 residential schools across Canada, but this number excludes schools that operated without federal support.[6]
The last school to close was Kivalliq Hall in Rankin Inlet, in what's now Nunavut, which closed in 1997; it became a IRSSA-recognized school in 2019 following a court ruling, which is why earlier accounts describe the last school closing in 1996.[6]
Schools in Newfoundland and Labrador were not included in the original settlement by the Harper government and instead reached a compensation deal with the federal government after a lawsuit in 2016.[7][8][9]
List
| Name[1][2] | Location | Province/Territory | Opened | Closed | Denomination | Documented Deaths[10] | Gravesites |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Assumption (Hay Lake) Indian Residential School[11] | Assumption
(Hay Lake) |
AB | 1951 | 1970 | RC | 2 | |
| Shubenacadie Indian Residential School | Shubenacadie | NS | 1929 | 1967 | RC | 23 | |
| Blue Quill (Lac la Biche/Saddle Lake/Sacred Heart) Indian Residential School
(Hospice of St. Joseph; Lac la Biche/St. Paul's Boarding School)[12] |
Lac la Biche (1862-1898)
Saddle Lake (1898-1931) St. Paul (1898-1931) |
AB | 1862 | 1970 (became the first Native-administered school in Canada) | RC | 43 | Accidentally exhumed multiple graves in 2004;[13] intentionally exhumed 1 grave in 2024[14] |
| Holy Angels Indian Residential School
(École des Saints-Anges / Our Lady of Victoria Indian Residential School) |
Fort Chipewyan | AB | 1902 | 1974 | RC | 83 | |
| Crowfoot (St. Joseph's) Indian Residential School
(Blackfoot Residential School)[15] |
Blackfoot Crossing (1900-1909) | AB | 1900 | 1968 | RC | 48 | |
| St. Joseph's (Dunbow) Industrial School
(High River Industrial School) |
High River | AB | 1884 | 1922 | RC | 59 | Flood exposed 34 graves in 1996[16] |
| Edmonton (Poundmaker) Residential School[17][18] | St. Albert | AB | 1924 (formerly Red Deer Industrial School) | 1968 | MD | 33 | |
| Ermineskin Indian Residential School | Hobbema | AB | 1915 | 1973 | RC | 15 | |
| St. Mary’s (Blood) Indian Residential School (Immaculate Conception Boarding School)[19] | Stand-Off
(Blood) |
AB | 1898 | 1988 | RC | 49 | |
| Morley (Stoney) Residential School
(McDougall Orphanage and Training Institution) |
Morley
(Stoney) |
AB | 1926 | 1949 | MD | 16 | |
| Old Sun (Blackfoot) Residential School[20]
(North Camp Residential School / White Eagle's Boarding School / Short Robe Boarding School) |
Gleichen | AB | 1894 | 1971 | AN | 41 | |
| Sacred Heart (Peigan) Residential School[21] | Brocket
(Peigan) |
AB | 1892 | 1961 | RC | 41 | |
| Red Deer Industrial School | Red Deer | AB | 1893 | 1919 (Poundmaker school opened 5 years later) | MD | 60 | |
| Sarcee (St. Barnabas) Residential School[22] | Sarcee Junction, Calgary | AB | 1892 | 1921 | AN | 35 | |
| St. Albert (Youville) Residential School[23] | St. Albert | AB | 1873 | 1948 | RC | 73 | |
| Whitefish Lake (St. Andrew's) Residential School | Whitefish Lake | AB | 1895 | 1950 | AN | 4 | |
| Grouard (St. Bernard’s) Residential School | Grouard | AB | 1894 | 1957 | RC | 15 | Radar detected 196 potential graves in 2022[24] |
| Joussard (St. Bruno's) Residential School | Joussard | AB | 1913 | 1969 | RC | 30 | Radar detected 88 potential graves in 2022[25] |
| St. Cyprian's (Queen Victoria’s Jubilee Home) Residential School
(Victoria Jubilee Home for Indian Children)[26] |
Brocket
(Peigan) |
AB | 1900 (new school built in 1926) | 1962 | AN | 25 | |
| Sturgeon Lake (Calais) Residential School
(St. François/Francis Xavier Boarding school)[27] |
Calais | AB | 1907 | 1961 | RC | 45 | |
| Fort Vermilion (St. Henri) Residential School[28] | Fort Vermilion | AB | 1903 | 1968 | RC | 21 | |
| Wabasca (St. John’s) Residential School[29] | Wabasca | AB | 1902 (new school built in 1949) | 1966 | AN | 11 | |
| Desmarais (St. Martin’s) Residential School | Desmarais-Wabasca | AB | 1901 | 1973 | RC | 16 | |
| St. Paul's (Blood) Residential School
(Church of England) |
Cardston
(Blood) |
AB | 1893 | 1975 | AN | 78 | |
| Lesser Slave Lake (St. Peter's) Residential School | Slave Lake | AB | 1895 | 1932 | AN | 2 | |
| Alberni Indian Residential School | Port Alberni | BC | 1900 (burned in 1917, rebuilt in 1920; burned in 1937, rebuilt in 1939) | 1973 | UC | 40 | Radar detected 17 potential graves in 2023[30] |
| Ahousaht Indian Residential School | Ahousaht | BC | 1901 | 1950 | PB | 8 | |
| Anahim Lake Dormitory (Ulkatcho) Residential School | Anahim Lake
(Ulkatcho) |
BC | 1968 | 1977 | RC | 0 | |
| Christie (Clayoquot/Kakawis) Residential School[31] | Meares Island (1900-1971)
Tofino (1971-1983) |
BC | 1900 | 1983 | RC | 46 | |
| Kamloops (St. Louis) Residential School
(Kamloops Industrial School) |
Kamloops | BC | 1890 | 1978 | RC | 82 | Radar detected 200 potential graves in 2021[32] |
| Kitimaat Indian Residential School
(Elizabeth Long Memorial School for Girls)[33] |
Kitimaat | BC | 1908 | 1941 | MD | 12 | |
| Kootenay (St. Eugene's/St. Mary's Residential School) | Cranbrook | BC | 1867 | 1984 | RC | 29 | Accidentally exhumed 1 grave in 2020; Radar detected 182 potential graves in 2021[34] |
| Kuper Island Indian Residential School | Penelakut Island | BC | 1890 | 1975 | RC | 171[35] | Radar detected 160 potential graves in 2021[36] |
| Lejac (Stuart Lake) Residential School | Fraser Lake | BC | 1917 (new building in 1922) | 1976 | RC | 45 | |
| Lower Post Indian Residential School | Lower Post | BC | 1951 | 1975 | RC | 3 | |
| Coqualeetza (Chilliwack Home) Residential School | Chilliwack | BC | 1889 | 1940 (later became the Coqualeetza Hospital and is now the Coqualeetza Cultural Education Centre) | MD | 42 | |
| Metlakatla Indian Residential School (Metlakatla Indian Girls' School) | Metlakatla | BC | 1891 | 1962 | OO | ||
| Port Simpson Residential School
(Crosby Home for Girls) |
Port Simpson | BC | 1892 | 1948 | MD | 3 | |
| Presbyterian Coqualeetza Indian Residential School | Chilliwack | BC | 1861 | 1940 | PB | ||
| Roman Catholic Coqualeetza Indian Residential School | Chilliwack | BC | 1890 | 1941 | RC | ||
| St. Augustine's Indian Residential School | Sechelt | BC | 1912 | 1975 | RC | 12 | Radar detected 40 potential graves in 2023[37] |
| St. Paul’s Indian Residential School | North Vancouver | BC | 1898 | 1959 | RC | 4 | |
| St. George's (Lytton) Indian Residential School | Lytton | BC | 1901 (new school built in 1928) | 1979 | AN | 78 | |
| St. Mary's Mission Indian Residential School | Mission (Pekw'Xe:yles) | BC | 1861 | 1984 | RC | 18 | |
| St. Michael's (Alert Bay) Indian Residential School | Alert Bay | BC | 1929 | 1975 | AN | 18 | |
| Williams Lake Indian Residential School (Williams Lake Industrial School) | Cariboo | BC | 1890 | 1981 | RC | 28 | Radar detected 93 potential graves in 2022[38] |
| Yale Indian Residential School | Yale | BC | 1900 | 1920 | AN | 5[39] | |
| Yuquot Indian Residential School | Yuquot | BC | 1901 | 1913 | RC | ||
| Assiniboia Indian Residential School (Assiniboia Hostel) | Winnipeg | MB | 1958 (September 2) | 1973 (June 30) | RC | 1 | |
| Birtle Indian Residential School | Birtle | MB | 1888 (December 3) | 1970 | PB | 47 | |
| Brandon Indian Residential School (Brandon Industrial School) | Brandon | MB | 1895 (May 23) | 1972 (June 30) | MD | 94 | Radar detected 104 potential graves in 2019[40] |
| Cross Lake Indian Residential School (Norway House Roman Catholic Indian Residential School) | Cross Lake | MB | 1915(March 9) | 1969 (July 30) | RC | 57 | |
| Elkhorn Indian Residential School (Elkhorn Industrial School / Washakada Indian Residential School) | Elkhorn | MB | 1888 | 1919 (as CP Railway purchased land on which school was built) | AN | 76 | |
| Elkhorn Indian Residential School (Washakada Indian Residential School) | Elkhorn | MB | 1925 | 1949 | AN | 10 | |
| Fort Alexander Indian Residential School | Pine Falls | MB | 1905 | 1970 (June) | RC | 35 | Radar detected 190 anomalies in 2022[41] |
| Guy Hill Indian Residential School | The Pas and Clearwater Lake | MB | 1952 (Students were relocated from Sturgeon Landing, Saskatchewan to a temporary school in The Pas until a newly built school in Clearwater Lake in 1958) | 1979 (June 30) | RC | 2 | Radar detected 71 potential graves in 2022;[42] excavation of 14 found no evidence of human remains[43] |
| Lake St. Martin Indian Residential School | Fisher River | MB | 1874 (new school built in 1948) | 1963 | AN | Cadaver dogs detected multiple potential graves in 2024[44] | |
| MacKay Indian Residential School | The Pas | MB | 1915 | 1933 | AN | 10 | |
| MacKay Indian Residential School | Dauphin | MB | 1955 | 1989 | AN | 1 | |
| Norway House Methodist Indian Residential School | Norway House | MB | 1900 | 1967 (June 30) | MD | 23 | |
| Pine Creek Indian Residential School (Camperville Indian Residential School) | Camperville | MB | 1890 | 1969 (August 31) | RC | 50 | |
| Portage la Prairie Methodist Indian Residential School | Portage la Prairie | MB | 1891 | 1975 (June 30) | MD | ||
| Portage la Prairie Presbyterian Indian Residential | Portage la Prairie | MB | 1895 | 1950 | PB | 5 | |
| Sandy Bay Indian Residential School | Sandy Bay Reserve | MB | 1905 | 1970 (June 30) | RC | 22 | Radar detected 13 potential graves in 2022[45] |
| St. Boniface Industrial School | St. Boniface | MB | 1891 | 1909 | RC | 87[46] | |
| St. Paul's Industrial School (St. Rupert's Land Industrial School) | Selkirk | MB | 1886 | 1906 | AN | ||
| Waterhen Indian Residential School | Waterhen | MB | 1890 | 1900 | RC | ||
| Lockwood School* | Cartwright | NL | 1964 | OO | |||
| Makkovik Boarding School* | Makkovik | NL | 1960 | OO | |||
| Nain Boarding School* | Nain | NL | 1973 | OO | |||
| St. Anthony's Orphanage* | St. Anthony | NL | 1979 | OO | |||
| Yale School* | North West River | NL | 1980 | OO | |||
| Aklavik Anglican Indian Residential School (All Saints Indian Residential School) | Shingle Point | NWT | 1927 (moved to Aklavik in 1934 due to overcrowding | 1959 | AN | 59 | |
| Aklavik Catholic Indian Residential School (later Inuvik Indian Residential School) | Aklavik | NWT | 1925 (relocated to Inuvik in 1959; Stringer Hall was Anglican Residence and Grollier Hall the RC residence) | 1996 (June 1975 (Stringer Hall); June 30 1996 (Grollier Hall)) | RC | 20 | |
| Fort McPherson Indian Residential School; (Including residence, Fleming Hall); | Fort McPherson | NWT | 1898 | 1970 | OO (non-denominational) | 1 | |
| Fort Providence Indian Residential School (Providence Mission Indian Residential School) | Fort Providence | NWT | 1867 | 1953 | RC | 88 | Radar detected 150[47] to 298[48] potential graves in 2021 |
| Fort Resolution Indian Residential School | Fort Resolution | NWT | 1867 | 1957 | RC | 67 | Intentionally exhumed 7 graves in 2025[49] |
| Fort Simpson Indian Residential School (Fort Simpson Boarding School, including residences Bompas Hall, Lapointe Hall, St. Margaret's Hall) | Fort Simpson | NWT | 1920 | 1970 | RC | 3 | |
| Fort Smith Indian Residential School (Breynat Hall) | Fort Smith | NWT | 1957 | 1970 | RC | 1 | |
| Hay River Indian Residential School (St. Peter's Mission Indian Residential School) | Hay River | NWT | 1898 | 1949 | AN | 42 | |
| Akaitcho Hall (dormitory for Sir John Franklin High School) | Yellowknife | NWT | 1958 | 1994 | Federal/GNWT | 4 | |
| Shubenacadie Indian Residential School | Shubenacadie | NS | 1922 | 1968 | RC | 23 | |
| Chesterfield Inlet Indian Residential School (including residence: Turquetil) | Chesterfield Inlet | NU | 1929 | 1970 | RC | 3 | |
| Frobisher Bay Indian Residential School | Frobisher Bay | NU | 1965 | 1992 The building now houses the Nunatta Residence of the Nunavut Arctic College.(students were transferred to a new hostel, which operated until 1996.) | RC | 2 | |
| Kivalliq Hall | Rankin Inlet | NU | 1985 | 1997 | OO | 0 | |
| Albany Mission Indian Residential School (Fort Albany Residential School) | Fort Albany | ON | 1912 | 1963 | RC | 32 | |
| Alexandra Industrial School for Girls | Toronto | ON | 1897 | 1910[50] | OO | ||
| Alnwick Industrial School (in partnership with Mount Elgin Indian Residential School) | Alderville | ON | 1838 | 1966 | MD | ||
| Bishop Horden Memorial School (Moose Factory Indian Residential School; Moose Fort Indian Residential School) | Moose Factory | ON | 1907 | 1963 | AN | 57 | |
| Cecilia Jeffrey Indian Residential School (Shoal Lake) | Kenora | ON | 1900 | 1966 | PB | 50 | |
| Chapleau Indian Residential School (Saint John's Indian Residential School) | Chapleau | ON | 1907 | 1950 | AN | 56 | |
| Fort Frances Indian Residential School (St. Margaret's Indian Residential School) | Fort Frances | ON | 1902 | 1974 | RC | 3 | |
| McIntosh Indian Residential School (Kenora Indian Residential School) | Kenora | ON | 1925 | 1969 | RC | 45 | Radar detected 114 potential graves in 2025[51] |
| Mohawk Institute Residential School (Mohawk Manual Labour School; Mush Hole Indian Residential School) | Brantford | ON | 1828 | 1970 | AN | 47 | Accidentally exhumed 1 grave in 2020;[52] radar search in progress[53] |
| Mount Elgin Indian Residential School (in partnership with Alnwick) | Muncey Town | ON | 1848 | 1948 | MD | 16 | |
| Shingwauk Indian Residential School | Garden River | ON | 1873 | 1873 (burned down six days after opening) | AN | 0 | |
| Shingwauk Indian Residential School | Sault Ste. Marie | ON | 1873 (merged with Wawanosh to form a larger school in 1900) | 1971 (currently houses Algoma University) | AN | 87 | |
| Wawanosh School for Girls | Sault Ste Marie | ON | 1877 | 1900 (merged with Shingwauk) | AN | 0 | |
| Sioux Lookout Indian Residential School (Pelican Lake Day School) | Sioux Lookout | ON | 1911 | 1973 | AN | 11[54] | |
| Spanish Indian Residential Schools; St. Joseph Residential School 1916–1962 (girls school) still standing; St Charles Garnier College 1913–1958 (boys school)now demolished | Spanish | ON | 1883 | 1965 | RC | 114 | |
| St. Anne’s Indian Residential School | Fort Albany | ON | 1936 | 1964 | RC | 32 | |
| St. Joseph's Orphanage and Boarding School (for Indigenous and White Children) | Fort William | ON | 1870 | 1968 | RC | 10 | |
| St. Mary's Indian Residential School | Kenora | ON | 1894 | 1962 | RC | 46 | Radar detected 171 and cadaver dogs detected 22 potential graves in 2023[55] |
| Wikwemikong Indian Residential School (Wikwemikong Day School) | Manitowaning | ON | 1840 (day school); 1879 (residential school) | 1963 | RC | ||
| Armstrong Indian Residential School (Armstrong Residential School; Armstrong Home and School) | Armstrong | ON | 1880 | 1891 | RC | ||
| Amos Indian Residential School (St. Marc's Indian Residential School) | St. Marc-de-Figuery (Amos) | QC | 1948 | 1965 | RC | 0 | |
| Federal Hostel at George River | Kangirsualujjuaq | QC | 1960 | 1960 | OO (Non-Denominational) | 0 | |
| Federal Hostel at Great Whale River | Kuujjuarapik (Poste-de-la-Baleine) | QC | 1960 | 1970 | OO (Non-Denominational) | 0 | |
| Federal Hostel at Payne Bay | Kangirsuk (Bellin) | QC | 1960 | 1960 | OO (Non-Denominational) | 0 | |
| Federal Hostel at Port Harrison | Inukjuak | QC | 1960 | 1971 | OO (Non-Denominational) | 0 | |
| Fort George Hostels | Chisasibi (Cree village municipality) | QC | 1975 | 1978 | OO (Non-Denominational) | 0 | |
| St. Philip's Indian Residential School | Chisasibi (Cree village municipality) | QC | 1932 (burned in 1943, rebuilt in 1944) | 1975 | AN | 28 | |
| Fort George (St. Joseph's Mission, Residence Couture, Sainte-Thérèse-de-l'Énfant-Jésus) | Chisasibi (Cree village municipality) | QC | 1936 | 1952 | RC | 21 | |
| La Tuque Indian Residential School | La Tuque | QC | 1963 | 1978 | AN | 2 | |
| Pointe Bleue Indian Residential School | Mashteuiatsh | QC | 1956 | 1965 | RC | 1 | |
| Sept-Iles Indian Residential School (Seven Islands, Notre Dame, Maliotenam) | Sept-Îles | QC | 1952 | 1967 | RC | 1 | |
| Battleford Industrial School | Battleford | SK | 1883 | 1914 | AN | 64 | Intentionally exhumed 72 graves in 1974[56] |
| Beauval Indian Residential School | Beauval | SK | 1895 | 1983 (became Meadow Lake Tribal Council's Beauval Indian Education Centre which closed in 1995) | RC | 60 | |
| Cowesses Indian Residential School (Marieval Indian Residential School) | Marieval | SK | 1899 | 1981 (First Nation Operated 1981-1997) | RC | 18 | Radar detected 751 potential graves in 2021[57] |
| Crowstand Indian Residential School | Kamsack | SK | 1888 | 1916 | PB | 34 | |
| St. Michael's Indian Residential School (Duck Lake Indian Residential School)[58] | Duck Lake | SK | 1894 | 1982, turned over to the Saskatoon District Tribal Council. Closed in 1996. | RC | 108 | |
| Emmanuel College | Prince Albert | SK | 1879 | 1923 | AN | 18 | |
| File Hills Indian Residential School (File Hills Colony School) | Okanese Reserve | SK | 1889 | 1949 | PB | 15 | |
| Gordon Indian Residential School | Punnichy | SK | 1889 (new school built in 1911, burned down in 1929) | 1996 | AN | 43 | Radar detected 14 potential graves in 2022[59] |
| Guy Hill Indian Residential School | Sturgeon Landing | SK | 1926 | 1952 (burned down September 4, 1952; students were relocated to temporary school in The Pas until a newly built school opened in Clearwater Lake in 1958) | RC | 2 | |
| Île-à-la-Crosse Indian Residential School | Île-à-la-Crosse | SK | 1878 | 1976 (the boarding school section) | RC | ||
| Lac La Ronge (All Saints) Mission Indian Residential School | La Ronge | SK | 1914 (new school built in 1920) | 1947 (amalgamated with St. Albans to become Prince Albert Indian Residential School after fire) | AN | 11 | Radar detected multiple potential graves in 2021[60] |
| Muscowequan Indian Residential School | Lestock | SK | 1932 | 1981 | RC | 35 | Accidentally exhumed 19 graves in 1992;[61] Radar detected 15 potential graves in 2018[62] |
| St. Albans Indian Residential School | Prince Albert | SK | 1894 | 1951 (amalgamated with All Saints to become Prince Albert Indian Residential School) | AN | 18 | |
| Prince Albert Indian Residential School | Prince Albert | SK | 1951 (merger of All Saints and St. Albans) | 1964 | AN | 0 | |
| Qu'Appelle Indian Residential School (Qu'Appelle Industrial School); Lebret Indian Residential School; (Added St. Paul's High School in 1951) | Lebret | SK | 1884 (burned down in 1904, 1932) | 1969 (Re-opened under the operations of the reserve in 1973 as White Calf Collegiate, but that closed in August 1998) | RC | 109 | Accidentally exhumed 1 grave and radar detected 2000 anomalies in 2022[63] |
| Regina Indian Residential School | Regina | SK | 1890 | 1910, demolished in 1948 | PB | 24 | Radar detected 38 potential graves in 2012[64] |
| Round Lake Indian Residential School | Whitewood | SK | 1886 | 1950 | MD | 5 | |
| St. Anthony's Indian Residential School (Onion Lake Catholic Indian Residential School) (Joseph Dion was pupil No. 7)[65] | Onion Lake | SK | 1891 | 1968 | RC | 0 | |
| St. Barnabas Indian Residential School (Onion Lake Indian Residential School) | Onion Lake | SK | 1893 (burned down in 1943) | 1951 | AN | 0 | |
| St. Phillips Indian Residential School (Keeseekoose Day School) | Kamsack | SK | 1899 | 1965 | RC | 6 | Radar detected 54 potential graves in 2022[66] |
| Thunderchild Indian Residential School (Delmas Indian Residential School) | Delmas | SK | 1901 | 1948 (burned down by students) | RC | 23 | Intentionally exhumed 1 body in 2021[67] |
| Aklavik Anglican Indian Residential School (All Saints Indian Residential School) | Shingle Point | NWT | 1927 | 1934 (moved to Aklavik due to overcrowding) | AN | 59 | |
| Baptist Indian Residential School (Yukon Indian Residential School) | Whitehorse | YT | 1900 | 1968 | BP | 1 | |
| Carcross Indian Residential School (Forty Mile Boarding School) | Fortymile | YT | 1891 | 1910 (moved to Carcross) | AN | 3 | |
| Carcross Indian Residential School (Chooutla Indian Residential School; Caribou Crossing Indian Residential School) | Carcross | YT | 1910 | 1969 | AN | 24 | Radar detected 15 potential graves in 2023[68] |
| St. Paul's Indian Residential School (St. Paul's Hall) | Dawson | YT | 1920 | 1943 | AN | 6 | |
| Yukon Hall (residences for local day school students) | Whitehorse | YT | 1956 | 1965 | AN | 0 | |
| Tranquille School for Mentally Handicapped Indians (Stsmemelt Village) | Kamloops | BC | 1972 | 1978 | OO (Non-Denominational) |
See also
- Canadian genocide of Indigenous peoples
- Residential school denialism
- New Zealand Native schools
- Where the Spirit Lives - 1989 film about residential schools
Notes on terminology
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 List of residential schools.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Search by School." National Student Memorial Register. National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation.
- ↑ Residential Schools. Assembly of First Nations(2010-05-03).
- ↑ Prince Albert Grand Council Indian Residential School Virtual Museum(2015).
- ↑ Mission and Justice Relationships (Anglican Indian and Eskimo Residential Schools). Anglican Church of Canada.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Your questions answered about Canada's residential school system. CBC News(June 4, 2021).
- ↑ Newfoundland and Labrador residential schools healing and commemoration(24 November 2017).
- ↑ Tearful Justin Trudeau apologizes to N.L. residential school survivors | CBC News.
- ↑ N.L. residential school survivors' lawyers reach $50M settlement with Ottawa | CBC News.
- ↑ Residential Schools Archive. National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation.
- ↑ Memorial(18 December 2020).
- ↑ Memorial(18 December 2020).
- ↑ Human remains found near Alberta residential school site likely children, First Nation says: Saddle Lake Cree Nation examining possible Blue Quills residential school burial sites. CBC(May 17, 2022).
- ↑ Child's remains found at site of former residential school northeast of Edmonton. Global News(January 24, 2024). Retrieved 2025-09-30.
- ↑ Memorial(18 December 2020).
- ↑ 'They have to be at peace:' Whereabouts of remains of 39 children's bodies still unknown at Dunbow Industrial School. CTV News(June 23, 2021).
- ↑ Memorial(18 December 2020).
- ↑ Larsson, Paula. 2013 October 26. "Edmonton Industrial School." Eugenics Archive. Retrieved May 31, 2021.
- ↑ Memorial(18 December 2020).
- ↑ Old Sun (Blackfoot) Residential School
- ↑ Sacred Heart (Peigan) Residential School
- ↑ Sarcee (St. Barnabas) Residential School
- ↑ St. Albert (Youville) Residential School
- ↑ Final Summary of the Phase 1 Ground-Penetrating Radar Search at Grouard Mission, AB(February 14, 2022). Retrieved March 10, 2022.
- ↑ St. Bruno's residential school ground-penetrating radar report released. APTN National News(June 26, 2023). Retrieved July 31, 2023.
- ↑ St. Cyprian's Residential School
- ↑ Sturgeon Lake (Calais) Residential School
- ↑ Fort Vermilion (St. Henri) Residential School
- ↑ Wabasca (St. John’s) Residential School
- ↑ Template:Cite AV media
- ↑ Memorial(18 December 2020).
- ↑ Anthropologist explains how she concluded 200 children were buried at the Kamloops Residential School. The Globe and Mail(July 15, 2021). Retrieved July 24, 2021.
- ↑ Memorial(18 December 2020).
- ↑ 'We knew it was there': Former B.C. chief says unmarked graves near Cranbrook need more context, MacVicar, Adam. Global News(July 1, 2021). Retrieved July 26, 2021.
- ↑ Archival research has found 171 confirmed deaths at Kuper Island residential school, 50 more than previously thought. Times Colonist(August 4, 2025). Retrieved 2025-10-06.
- ↑ The year of the graves: How the world's media got it wrong on residential school graves. National Post(May 26, 2022). Retrieved May 28, 2022.
- ↑ 40 unmarked children's graves found at former residential school in Sechelt, B.C.. Global News(April 20, 2023).
- ↑ 93 potential burial sites found near former B.C. residential school. CBC News(January 25, 2022).
- ↑ Stó:lō Nation identifies 158 child deaths, potential unmarked graves at former residential schools, hospital. CBC News. Retrieved 2025-09-30.
- ↑ Template:Cite press release
- ↑ Search in Sagkeeng First Nation in Manitoba identifies 190 anomalies in the ground, Unger, Danton. CTV News(June 6, 2022).
- ↑ RCMP investigate after search of western Manitoba residential school site discovers possible unmarked graves. CBC(October 14, 2022). Retrieved July 31, 2023.
- ↑ Chief says excavation of Manitoba church basement found no evidence of human remains - Winnipeg | Globalnews.ca. CJOB. Retrieved September 1, 2023.
- ↑ Opaskwayak Cree Nation says it's found evidence of unmarked burials at former residential school site. CBC(2024-08-30). Retrieved 2025-09-29.
- ↑ Ground searches underway or planned at most of Manitoba's former residential school sites, Cram, Stephanie. CBC News(May 29, 2022).
- ↑ Saint-Boniface – École industrielle | Société historique de Saint-Boniface. Retrieved 2025-09-30.
- ↑ N.W.T. MP, a residential school survivor, reflects on the graves of children in his home town. CBC News(June 5, 2021). Retrieved September 16, 2021.
- ↑ Fort Providence plans search for unmarked graves. Cabin Radio(July 23, 2021). Retrieved September 16, 2021.
- ↑ Deninu K'ue First Nation finds remains of five children near Fort Resolution. Yukon News(August 7, 2025). Retrieved 2025-09-30.
- ↑ East End school for wayward girls flourished(19 October 2011).
- ↑ Search detects 114 'unmarked burial features' on former McIntosh Indian Residential School property. CBC News(2025-01-16). Retrieved 2025-01-16.
- ↑ Task force investigating residential school in Brantford, Ont. reveal first case. Global News(October 15, 2021).
- ↑ Search for unmarked graves continues at Mohawk Institute residential school site. CBC(2025-08-13). Retrieved 2025-06-29.
- ↑ Indian Affairs - School files. www.nrsss.ca.
- ↑ Cadaver dogs searching for unmarked graves at former Kenora residential school site uncover 22 'alerts'. CBC(2023-10-30). Retrieved 2025-09-29.
- ↑ Burial Ground Re-Consecrated. sicc.sk.ca. Saskatchewan Indian Cultural Centre(September 30, 1975). Retrieved March 10, 2022.
- ↑ Template:Cite press release
- ↑ St. Michael's (Duck Lake)(28 January 2021).
- ↑ 'Just the beginning:' 14 graves found at former residential school in Saskatchewan. cp24.com. CP24(April 20, 2022).
- ↑ Ground radar at historic La Ronge cemetery nearly complete(December 23, 2021). Retrieved March 21, 2022.
- ↑ Cemetery and Grave Site Research - IRS Narratives Review. Indian Residential Schools Resolution Canada(April 10, 2008). Retrieved March 20, 2022.
- ↑ 'There was a heaviness': Alberta anthropologists locate unmarked graves of residential schoolchildren(March 9, 2019). Retrieved March 19, 2022.
- ↑ Search finds remains of a child at former Qu'Appelle Indian Residential School in Saskatchewan. APTN National News(January 12, 2023). Retrieved February 4, 2023.
- ↑ The Regina Indian Industrial School (1891 - 1910){{#if:|, {{{last}}}}. Benchmark Press(2017)
- ↑ Joseph Francis Dion. www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca.
- ↑ Sask. First Nation discovers 54 unmarked graves at the site of former residential schools, Ellis, Brendan. CTV News(February 15, 2022).
- ↑ 'Needles in haystacks' search for remains at Delmas residential school. Global News(November 26, 2021). Retrieved 2025-10-06.
- ↑ Search of former Yukon residential school locates 15 potential unmarked graves:Fifteen anomalies were found at the former Chooutla Indian residential school in Carcross, Yukon(September 27, 2023).
References
External links
- Official Residential School Settlement website
- List of residential schools
- Indian Residential Schools - Assembly of First Nations
- Where are the children; Healing the Legacy of Residential Schools
- National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation at the University of Manitoba
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