List of Nobel laureates

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File:Nobel Prize.png
Nobel laureates receive a gold medal together with a diploma and (as of 2017) 9 million SEK (roughly US $1.0 million, €0.87 million).
File:Nobel Prize winners 2012.jpg
Nobel laureates of 2012 – Alvin E. Roth, Brian Kobilka, Robert J. Lefkowitz, David J. Wineland, and Serge Haroche, during the ceremony.

The Nobel Prizes (Template:Lang-sv, Template:Lang-no) are awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, the Swedish Academy, the Karolinska Institutet, and the Norwegian Nobel Committee to individuals and organizations who make outstanding contributions in the fields of chemistry, physics, literature, peace, and physiology or medicine.[1] They were established by the 1895 will of Alfred Nobel, which dictates that the awards should be administered by the Nobel Foundation. The Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences was established in 1968 by the Sveriges Riksbank, the central bank of Sweden, for contributions to the field of economics. Each recipient, a Nobelist or laureate, receives a gold medal, a diploma, and a sum of money, which is decided annually by the Nobel Foundation.[2]

Prize

Each prize is awarded by a separate committee; the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awards the Prizes in Physics, Chemistry, and Economics; the Karolinska Institute awards the Prize in Physiology or Medicine; and the Norwegian Nobel Committee awards the Prize in Peace.[3] Each recipient receives a medal, a diploma and a monetary award that has varied throughout the years.[2] In 1901, the recipients of the first Nobel Prizes were given 150,782 SEK, which is equal to 8,402,670 SEK in December 2017. In 2017, the laureates were awarded a prize amount of 9,000,000 SEK.[4] The awards are presented in Stockholm in an annual ceremony on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel's death.[5]

In years in which the Nobel Prize is not awarded due to external events or a lack of nominations, the prize money is returned to the funds delegated to the relevant prize.[6] The Nobel Prize was not awarded between 1940 and 1942 due to the outbreak of World War II.[7]

Laureates

Between 1901 and 2017, the Nobel Prizes and the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences were awarded 585 times to 923 people and organizations. With some receiving the Nobel Prize more than once, this makes a total of 892 individuals (including 844 men, 48 women) and 24 organizations.[8] Six Nobel laureates were not permitted by their governments to accept the Nobel Prize. Adolf Hitler forbade four Germans, Richard Kuhn (Chemistry, 1938), Adolf Butenandt (Chemistry, 1939), Gerhard Domagk (Physiology or Medicine, 1939), Carl von Ossietzky (Peace, 1936) from accepting their Nobel Prizes. The Chinese government forbade Liu Xiaobo from accepting his Nobel Prize (Peace, 2010)[9] and the government of the Soviet Union pressured Boris Pasternak (Literature, 1958) to decline his award. Liu Xiaobo, Carl von Ossietzky and Aung San Suu Kyi were all awarded their Nobel Prize while in prison or detention.[10] Two Nobel laureates, Jean-Paul Sartre (Literature, 1964) and Lê Ðức Thọ (Peace, 1973), declined the award; Sartre declined the award as he declined all official honors, and Thọ declined the award due to the situation Vietnam was in at the time.

Six laureates have received more than one prize; of the six, the International Committee of the Red Cross has received the Nobel Peace Prize three times, more than any other.[11] UNHCR has been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize twice. Also the Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to John Bardeen twice, and the Nobel Prize in Chemistry to Frederick Sanger. Two laureates have been awarded twice but not in the same field: Marie Curie (Physics and Chemistry) and Linus Pauling (Chemistry and Peace). Among the 892 Nobel laureates, 48 have been women; the first woman to receive a Nobel Prize was Marie Curie, who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903.[12] She was also the first person (male or female) to be awarded two Nobel Prizes, the second award being the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, given in 1911.[11]

List of laureates

Year Physics Chemistry Physiology
or Medicine 		Literature Peace Economics
(The Sveriges Riksbank Prize)[13]Template:Efn
1901 Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname;
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1902 Template:Sortname;
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1903 Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname —
1904 Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Institut de Droit International —
1905 Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname —
1906 Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname Template:Sortname —
1907 Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		—
1908 Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		—
1909 Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		—
1910 Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname International Peace Bureau —
1911 Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		—
1912 Template:Sortname Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname —
1913 Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname —
1914 Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname None None —
1915 Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname None Template:Sortname None —
1916 None None None Template:Sortname None —
1917 Template:Sortname None None Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		International Committee of the Red Cross —
1918 Template:Sortname Template:Sortname None None None —
1919 Template:Sortname None Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname —
1920 Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname —
1921 Template:Sortname Template:Sortname None Template:Sortname Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		—
1922 Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname Template:Sortname —
1923 Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname None —
1924 Template:Sortname None Template:Sortname Template:Sortname None —
1925 Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname None Template:Sortname Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		—
1926 Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname;
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1927 Template:Sortname;
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1928 Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname None —
1929 Template:Sortname Template:Sortname;
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1930 Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname —
1931 None Template:Sortname;
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Template:Sortname 		—
1932 Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname None —
1933 Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		None Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname —
1934 None Template:Sortname Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname Template:Sortname —
1935 Template:Sortname Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname None Template:Sortname —
1936 Template:Sortname;
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Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname Template:Sortname —
1937 Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname —
1938 Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Efn Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Nansen International Office For Refugees —
1939 Template:Sortname Template:Sortname;Template:Efn
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname Template:Efn Template:Sortname None —
1940 Cancelled due to World War II —
1941 —
1942 —
1943 Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		None None —
1944 Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname International Committee of the Red Cross —
1945 Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname Template:Sortname —
1946 Template:Sortname Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		—
1947 Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname Friends Service Council;
American Friends Service Committee 		—
1948 Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname None Template:Efn —
1949 Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname;
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1950 Template:Sortname Template:Sortname;
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Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname Template:Sortname —
1951 Template:Sortname;
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1952 Template:Sortname;
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1953 Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname;
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1954 Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees —
1955 Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname None —
1956 Template:Sortname;
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Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname None —
1957 Template:Sortname;
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1958 Template:Sortname;
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Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname Template:Efn Template:Sortname —
1959 Template:Sortname;
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Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname Template:Sortname —
1960 Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname;
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1961 Template:Sortname;
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1962 Template:Sortname Template:Sortname;
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Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname Template:Sortname —
1963 Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname International Committee of the Red Cross;
League of Red Cross societies 		—
1964 Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname Template:Efn Template:Sortname —
1965 Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) —
1966 Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		None —
1967 Template:Sortname Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname None —
1968 Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname Template:Sortname —
1969 Template:Sortname Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname International Labour Organization Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname
1970 Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname
1971 Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname
1972 Template:Sortname;
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Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname None Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname
1973 Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname Template:Efn 		Template:Sortname
1974 Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname;
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Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname
1975 Template:Sortname;
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Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname
1976 Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname
1977 Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname Amnesty International Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname
1978 Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname
1979 Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname;
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Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname
1980 Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname;
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Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname
1981 Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Template:Sortname
1982 Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname
1983 Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname
1984 Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname
1985 Template:Sortname Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War Template:Sortname
1986 Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname
1987 Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname
1988 Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname United Nations Peace-Keeping Forces Template:Sortname
1989 Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname
1990 Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname
1991 Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname
1992 Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname
1993 Template:Sortname;
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Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname Template:Sortname;
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1994 Template:Sortname;
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1995 Template:Sortname;
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Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname Template:Sortname;
Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs 		Template:Sortname
1996 Template:Sortname;
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1997 Template:Sortname;
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Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname Template:Sortname International Campaign to Ban Landmines;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname
1998 Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname;
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Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname Template:Sortname;
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1999 Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Médecins Sans Frontières Template:Sortname
2000 Template:Sortname;
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Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname;
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2001 Template:Sortname;
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Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname United Nations;
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2002 Template:Sortname;
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2003 Template:Sortname;
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2004 Template:Sortname;
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2005 Template:Sortname;
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Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname International Atomic Energy Agency;
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2006 Template:Sortname;
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Grameen Bank 		Template:Sortname
2007 Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change;
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2008 Template:Sortname;
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2009 Template:Sortname;
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2010 Template:Sortname;
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Template:Sortname;
Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Sortname Template:Efn Template:Sortname;
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2011 Template:Sortname;
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2012 Template:Sortname;
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2013 Template:Sortname;
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2014 Template:Sortname;
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Template:Sortname 		Template:Sortname Template:Sortname;
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2015 Template:Sortname;
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2016 Template:Sortname;
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2017 Template:Sortname;
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2018 Template:Sortname;
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Template:Sortname 		Template:SortnameTemplate:Efn Template:Sortname;
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2019 Template:Sortname;
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Template:Sortname 		Peter Handke Abiy Ahmed Template:Sortname;
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2020 Template:Sortname;
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Template:Sortname
2021 Giorgio Parisi;
Klaus Hasselmann;
Syukuro Manabe 		Benjamin List;
David MacMillan 		David Julius;
Ardem Patapoutian 		Abdulrazak Gurnah Maria Ressa;
Dmitry Muratov 		David Card;
Joshua D. Angrist;
Guido W. Imbens
Year Physics Chemistry Physiology
or Medicine 		Literature Peace Economics

See also

Notes

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References

General

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Specific
  1. ↑ Alfred Nobel – The Man Behind the Nobel Prize. Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-11-27.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 The Nobel Prize. Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-11-27.
  3. ↑ The Nobel Prize Awarders. Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-11-27.
  4. ↑ The Nobel Prize Amounts. Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2018-06-23.
  5. ↑ The Nobel Prize Award Ceremonies. Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-11-27.
  6. ↑ List of All Nobel Laureates 1942. Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-11-30.
  7. ↑ The Nobel Peace Prize 1901-2000. Nobel Foundation(2001-03-15). Retrieved 2008-11-30.
  8. ↑ All Nobel Prizes. www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 14 March 2018.
  9. ↑ Norwegian Nobel Committee mourns Liu Xiaobo, statement by Chair Berit Reiss-Andersen. The Nobel Peace Prize. Retrieved 2020-10-08.
  10. ↑ Liu Xiaobo Isn't the First Nobel Laureate Barred From Accepting His Prize(2010-12-21). Retrieved 2020-10-08.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Nobel Prize Facts. Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2015-10-11.
  12. ↑ Women Nobel Laureates. Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2011-10-11.
  13. ↑ Nomination and selection of Laureates in Economic Sciences. Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 13 May 2020.

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