List of destroyer classes of the Indian Navy

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Last edited January 31, 2026


Smaller ships escorting two large ones
A flotilla led by destroyers of the Indian Navy during Exercise Tropex 2023

In naval terminology, a destroyer is a fast, manoueverable, long-distance warship intended to escort larger vessels in a fleet, convoy or battle group and defend them against smaller, short-range attackers.[1][2] Seventeen destroyers have served, or currently serve, in the Indian Navy. The navy operates 13 guided-missile destroyers from four classes: Visakhapatnam class, Template:Sclass, Template:Sclass, and Template:Sclass.[3] Six other destroyers (three R class and three Template:Sclass2) have been decommissioned and scrapped.[4][5]

India did not have any destroyers of its own until 1949.[4] The R-class Template:INS, built in the United Kingdom, was the first destroyer commissioned in the Indian Navy.[6] Two more of the R-class were later commissioned.[4] Three Hunt-class destroyers were commissioned in 1953 to succeed the R-class destroyers.[5] These ships (all of which were built in the United Kingdom) were decommissioned by 1976, with the Hunt-class Template:INS the last.[7][8][9]

During the 1980s, India signed an agreement with the Soviet Union for five guided-missile destroyers, built as the Rajput class.[10] The first ship -(Template:INS - was commissioned on 30 September 1980. Four of the five Rajput-class are still in active service, Ranjit was decommissioned in 2019.[11][12] The Rajput class was succeeded by the Delhi class, with Template:INS, Template:INS and Template:INS commissioned in 1997, 1999 and 2001 respectively.Template:Sfn The Delhi-class destroyers, built in India,Template:Sfn were succeeded by the Kolkata-class in 2014.[13] The three Kolkata-class ships were commissioned in 2014–2016, with Template:INS being the last.[14] An improvement of the Kolkata-class, Template:INS (part of the Template:Sclass), was commissioned in 2021. The second ship, Template:INS was commissioned in 2022,[15] while the third ship INS Imphal (D68) in 2023 and the fourth ship INS Surat (D69) is in Sea trial.

Commissioned ships

Ten destroyers from three classes are in active service.[16] Template:INS, the lead ship of the Template:Sclass with about 7,500 tonnes of displacement, is the largest.[14] A total of three Kolkata-class ships are currently in service with the Indian Navy. The Kolkata-class destroyers were preceded by the Template:Sclass which entered service with the 1997 of its lead ship, Template:INS. The Delhi class were the first destroyers built in India. The Template:Sclass destroyers, which preceded the Delhi class, consists of five ships built in the Soviet Union and were commissioned from 1980 to 1990.[10]

Visakhapatnam-class

The Visakhapatnam class (Project 15B) is a class of stealth guided missile destroyers under construction. An improved version of the Kolkata class and ordered in 2011, the first Visakhapatnam-class ship is expected to be completed in 2018. The first vessel of this class is expected to get commissioned with INS Vikrant and INS Arighat.[17][18] The class will have enhanced stealth characteristics and state-of-the-art weaponry and sensors, including the long-range Barak 8 surface-to-air missile. The first ship's keel was laid in October 2013. The Visakhapatnam class are armed with a 76 mm main gun and an AK-630 close-in anti-missile gun system.[19][20]

Ship Picture Armament VLS Displacement Service Origin
Laid down Commissioned
Template:INS File:Visakhapatnam (D66) - P15B destroyer of Indian Navy during sea trials.jpg 48 7,500 tonnes[23] 12 October 2013[24][25] 21 November 2021[26][27] Template:Flag
Template:INS File:Mormugao - Y12705, second ship of Project 15B stealth guided missile destroyer.jpg 48 4 June 2015 18 December 2022
Template:INS File:INS Imphal (D68) of Indian Navy at sea.jpg 48 19 May 2017 26 December 2023[28]
Template:INS File:INS Surat maiden trial.jpg 48 19 July 2018 15 January 2025[29]

Kolkata class

The Kolkata class (Project 15A) is a class of guided missile destroyers with stealth technology.[13] By the year 2000, the Indian Navy had redesigned the follow-on Kolkata class to improve technology (including modern stealth characteristics) and in May of that year, approval for the construction was given. Concept and function for Project 15A was framed by the navy's Directorate of Naval Design, while the detailed design was developed by Mazagon Dock Limited (MDL).[30] It consists of three ships (Kolkata, Kochi and Chennai), built by Mazagon Dock Limited, which are the navy's largest destroyers. Due to construction delays and a problem discovered during sea trials, the first ship's commission was postponed from 2010 to 2014.[31]

Although the dimensions of Kolkata-class ships are similar to the previous Delhi class, their weaponry, sensors and helicopter systems have been upgraded.[32] With a standard displacement of Template:Convert and a full-load displacement of Template:Convert (two sources reported a full-load displacement of Template:Convert),[14][33] they are the navy's largest destroyers.[34]

The ships' main air-defence armament is two 4 × 8-cell vertical launching systems (VLS) allowing up to 32 Barak 8 (medium- to long-range) missiles.[35] Four AK-630 CIWS are fitted for near defence.[13]

The Kolkata-class ships' primary offensive armament is supersonic BrahMos anti-ship and land-attack missiles.[36] The BrahMos missiles are fitted into a 16-cell universal vertical launcher module (UVLM) allowing one missile per launch silo; all 16 missiles can be fired in salvo.[37] A distinctive armament of the Kolkata class is its Template:Convert gun forward of the bridge. The 76 mm gun provides limited anti-shipping and anti-air capability in addition to naval gunfire support for land-based operations.[13] For anti-submarine warfare, the class is equipped with a torpedo-launching system (with four torpedo tubes) and two RBU-6000 anti-submarine rocket launchers.[13][38] Bharat Electronics Limited's electronic modular command and control applications (EMCCA) Mk4 provides combat management.[39]

Ship Picture Armament VLS Displacement Service Origin
Laid down Commissioned
Template:INS[34] File:INS Kolkata steams alongside the guided-missile destroyer USS Sterett (DDG 104) during Malabar 2020 (cropped).jpg
  • 4 × 8-cell VLS for Barak 8 LR-SAM missiles
  • 2 × 8-cell UVLM for 16 BrahMos anti-ship and land-attack missiles
  • 76 mm Oto Melara SRGM gun
  • 4 × AK-630 CIWS
  • 2 × twin tube 533mm torpedo launchers
  • 2 × RBU-6000 anti-submarine rockets[13]
 48 7,400 tonnes[40] 26 September 2003Template:Sfn 16 August 2014[34] Template:Flag[13][16]
Template:INS[41][42] File:INS Kochi at Mina Salman, Bahrain.jpg 48 7,500 tonnes[41] 25 October 2005[41] 30 September 2015[41]
Template:INS[43] File:INS Chennai (D65) fires its weapons during Malabar 2020.jpg 48 21 February 2006Template:Sfn 21 November 2016[43][44]

Delhi class

The Delhi-class vessels are the third-largest warships designed and built in India, after the Kolkata-class destroyers and the Template:Sclasss. They were built by Mazagon Dock Limited in Mumbai.[16] Delhi-class design has Soviet and Western influences, incorporating elements of the Template:Sclass, Rajput and Kashin-II-class destroyers and the Template:Sclass frigate.[45]

Delhi-class vessels are fitted with flag facilities, enabling them to act as command unit in task groups.[45] The vessels are equipped to enable operation in a nuclear, biological and chemical warfare environment.[46] For primary air defence, Delhi class is fitted with 9K-90 Uragan air-defence system comprising a pair of 3S-90 single-arm launchers and 9M38M1 Shtil missiles. One launcher is installed forward of the bridge and the other atop the dual helicopter hangar. Each launcher carries a 24 missile magazine for a total of 48 rounds.[47] The Delhi class is being upgraded with the Rafael Barak 1 point air defence missile system. It has a pair of eight-cell vertical launch systems and missile command-to-line-of-sight (CLOS) radar guidance with a range of Template:Convert.Template:Sfn

The ships have a five 533 mm (21 in) torpedo tubes, which can be used to launch SET 65E active/passive homing torpedo and Type 53-65 wake homing torpedo, and is capable of hitting targets ranging from Template:Convert to Template:Convert. They are equipped with two RBU-6000 anti-submarine rocket launchers with 12 tubes. They carry a Template:Convert warhead and have a range of Template:Convert.Template:Sfn

Ship Picture Armament VLS Displacement Service Origin
Laid down Commissioned
Template:INS File:INS Delhi (D61) at sea.jpg 32 6,200 tonnes[48] 14 November 1987Template:Sfn 15 November 1997Template:Sfn Template:Flag[16]
Template:INS File:INS Mysore D60 India.jpg 32 2 February 1991Template:Sfn 2 June 1999Template:Sfn
Template:INS File:INS Mumbai (D62) at sea.jpg 32 14 December 1992Template:Sfn 22 January 2001Template:Sfn

Rajput class

The Rajput-class guided-missile destroyers built for the Indian Navy (also known as Kashin-II class) are modified versions of Soviet Kashin-class destroyers. The ships were built in the former Soviet Union with Indian modifications to the Kashin design. These included the replacement of the helicopter pad in the original design with a flight elevator (to transports flights, aircraft, and helicopters, from hangar deck to flight deck, and changes to the electronics and combat systems. Five units were built for export to India during the 1980s.[10]

The Rajput class inherited its anti-aircraft and anti-submarine warfare roles for aircraft carrier task-force defence against submarines, low-flying aircraft and cruise missiles from the Kashin class. They were the first ships in the Indian Navy to deploy the BrahMos supersonic cruise-missile systems, deployed during a mid-life refit of the ships. The missile system has four missiles in inclined, bow-mounted launchers (replacing two SS-N-2D Styx AShM launchers in Template:INS) and an eight-cell VLS system replacing Template:INS and Template:INS's aft S-125M (NATO: SA-N-1) SAM launchers. Ranvijay was deployed with an updated vertical launcher for the BrahMos missile.[10][12][49] The Indian Navy is planning to upgrade the propulsion of Rajput-class ships with an indigenously developed Kaveri marine gas turbine (KMGT) engine. The Defence Research and Development Organisation Gas Turbine Research Establishment is developing this engine, which is currently being tested.[50]

Ship Picture Armament Displacement Commissioned Origin
Template:INS File:INS Rana during a PASSEX 2008.jpg 4,974 tonnes[12] 28 June 1982[12] Template:Flag[10][16]
[12]
Template:INS File:INS Ravir (D54).jpg
  • 8 × BrahMos aft VLS and 4 SS-N-2D Styx AShM missiles
  • S-125M (NATO: SA-N-1) SAM launcher
  • 2 × Barak SAM 8-cell launchers
  • 2 × 30 mm AK-630M CIWS
  • 533 mm PTA quintuple torpedo tube launcher
  • 2 × RBU-6000 anti-submarine mortars[10][12]
 28 August 1986[12]
Template:INS File:INS Ranvijay at annual bi-lateral naval field training exercise.jpg 21 December 1987Template:Sfn

Decommissioned ships

All presently decommissioned Indian Navy destroyers were built in the United Kingdom and Soviet Union. The R-class Template:INS was the first destroyer commissioned by the navy; two more R-class ships were later commissioned.[4] Three Template:Sclass2 destroyers were commissioned in 1953 to succeed the R-class destroyers.[5] The R-class Template:INS was decommissioned on 30 June 1973, the first decommissioned destroyer. It was followed by Template:INS in 1973, Template:INS, Template:INS and Template:INS in 1975 and Template:INS in 1976. All the British-built ships were decommissioned by 1976.[4][5] INS Ranjit became the first ship from the Rajput-class to be decommissioned. The ship was decommissioned on 6 May 2019.[11]

Rajput class

The Rajput-class guided-missile destroyers built for the Indian Navy (also known as Kashin-II class) are modified versions of Soviet Kashin-class destroyers. The ships were built in the former Soviet Union with Indian modifications to the Kashin design. These included the replacement of the helicopter pad in the original design with a flight elevator (to transports flights, aircraft, and helicopters, from hangar deck to flight deck, and changes to the electronics and combat systems. Five units were built for export to India during the 1980s.[10]

Ship Picture Armament Displacement Commissioned Decommissioned Origin Fate
Template:INS File:INS Ranjit (D53).jpg
  • 4 × SS-N-2D Styx AShM missiles
  • 2 × S-125M (NATO: SA-N-1) SAM launchers
  • 76.2 mm main gun
  • 4 × 30 mm AK-630M CIWS
  • 533 mm PTA quintuple torpedo tube launcher
  • 2 × RBU-6000 anti-submarine mortars[10][12]
 4,974 tonnes[12] 24 September 1983Template:Sfn 6 May 2019[11] Template:Flag[10] Decommissioned
Template:INS File:INS Rajput (D51) sporting Revathi radar.jpg 4 May 1980[12] 21 May 2021[51]

R class

The R class was a class of sixteen War Emergency Programme destroyers ordered for the Royal Navy in 1940 as the 3rd and 4th Emergency Flotilla. The Q and R class repeated the preceding O and P class, reverting to the larger J, K and N-class hull to allow for increased top weight (maximum permissible weight). Since they had fewer main guns than the J, K and Ns, magazine space was replaced by fuel bunkersTemplate:Sfn allowing for Template:Convert at Template:Convert. This compared with the Template:Convert of the preceding classes. Like the O and P classes, they were armed with available weapons: 4.7-inch (120 mm) guns on single mountings allowing only 40° of elevation. As a result, on paper they do not compare favourably with many of their contemporaries. These ships used the Fuze Keeping Clock HA Fire Control Computer.Template:Sfn The R class repeated the Qs, except that the officers' accommodation was moved from the traditional right aft to a more accessible location amidships.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn

Ship Picture Armament Displacement Service Origin Fate
Laid down Commissioned
(Royal Navy) 		Commissioned
(Indian Navy) 		Decommissioned
INS Rajput (D141)
Formerly HMS Rotherham (H09)[6] 		File:HMS Rotherham 1942 IWM FL 10240.jpg 2,449 tonnesTemplate:SfnTemplate:Sfn 10 April 1941Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn August 1942Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn 27 July 1949Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn 1976Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn Template:FlagTemplate:SfnTemplate:Sfn scrapped[4]Template:Sfn
Template:INS
Formerly HMS Redoubt (H41)[52] 		File:HMS Redoubt 1942 IWM FL 9669.jpg 19 June 1941Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn 1 October 1942Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn 1949Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn 1979Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
INS Rana (D115)
Formerly HMS Raider (H15)[53] 		File:HMS Raider. A15089.jpg 1941Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn 16 November 1942Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn 1949Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn 1976Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn

Hunt class

The Hunt class was a class of Royal Navy escort destroyer. The first ships were ordered early in 1939 and the class saw extensive service in World War II, particularly on the British east coast and in Mediterranean convoys. The Hunts were modelled on the 1938 escort sloop Template:HMS. The Hunt class had three twin QF Template:Convert Mark XVI gun with a quadruple QF 2-pounder-mount Mark VII on a hull of the same length, but with Template:Convert less beam and installed power raised to Template:Convert to give Template:Convert. The first twenty were ordered in March and April 1939. They were constructed to Admiralty standards (like contemporary destroyers), unlike frigates which followed mercantile practice.[54][55][56]

Ship Picture Armament Displacement Service Fate
Laid down Commissioned
(Royal Navy) 		Commissioned
(Indian Navy) 		Decommissioned
INS Godavari (D92)
(Formerly HMS Bedale) 		File:The Polish Navy during the Second World War FL789.jpg 1,450 tonnesTemplate:Citation needed 25 May 1940[7] 27 July 1946[7] 27 April 1953[7] 1976[7] damaged beyond repair 1976. scrapped 1979 Template:Sfn[56]
INS Gomati (D93)
Formerly HMS Lamerton (L88) 		File:HMS Lamerton 1941 IWM FL 12015.jpg 10 April 1940[8] 16 August 1941[8] 24 April 1953[8] 1975[8] struck from active in 1975 scrapped [8][56]
Template:INS[Note 1] File:HMS Chiddingfold 1941 IWM FL 8070.jpg 1 March 1940[9] October 1941[9] 18 June 1953[9] 1975[9] struck from active in 1975. scrapped Template:Sfn[9][56]

Future ships

Project 18-class

The Template:Sclass is a class of stealth guided missile destroyers. The class will include 8-10 Project 18 class destroyers, as a follow-on of Visakhapatnam class. It will include 144-cell VLS missile launchers in its arsenal.[57][58][59]

See also

Notes

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Definition of destroyer. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 24 July 2016.
  2. ↑ Definition of Destroyer. Merriam Webster. Retrieved 24 July 2016.
  3. ↑ Surface Ships. Indian Navy. Ministry of Defence, Government of India. Retrieved 10 July 2016.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 R-Class. GlobalSecurity.org. Retrieved 10 July 2016.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Hunt class Escort Destroyers - General Information, Mason, Geoffrey B. Naval-History.net(12 August 2011). Retrieved 16 October 2016.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 HMS Rotherham (H 09) - R-class Flotilla Leader, Mason, Geoffrey B. Naval-history.net. Retrieved 10 July 2016.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 ORP Slazak, Polish escort destroyer, ex-HMS Bedale, Mason, Geoffrey B. Naval-History.net(2004). Retrieved 10 July 2016.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 HMS Lamerton, escort destroyer, Mason, Geoffrey B. Naval-History.net(2004). Retrieved 10 July 2016.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 HMS Chiddingfold (L 31) - Type II, Hunt-class Escort Destroyer, Mason, Geoffrey B. Naval-History.net(2004). Retrieved 10 July 2016.
  10. ↑ 10.00 10.01 10.02 10.03 10.04 10.05 10.06 10.07 10.08 10.09 10.10 Rajput Class Guided-Missile Destroyer. Military Today. Retrieved 10 July 2016.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 INS Ranjit Sails into Sunset Culminating 36 years of Glorious Era. PIB. Retrieved 6 May 2019.
  12. ↑ 12.00 12.01 12.02 12.03 12.04 12.05 12.06 12.07 12.08 12.09 12.10 12.11 D 51 Rajput Class. GlobalSecurity.org. Retrieved 10 July 2016.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 13.6 Kolkata Class Guided Missile Destroyers. Naval Technology. Retrieved 10 July 2016.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 Navy gets its largest destroyer. The Hindu(13 July 2014). Retrieved 11 July 2016.
  15. ↑ Project 15B Improved Kolkata Class Destroyer. GlobalSecurity.org. Retrieved 16 October 2016.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 Vikramaditya, Viraat, Delhi Class, Rajput Class, Kolkata Class. Indian Navy. Retrieved 10 July 2016.
  17. ↑ Navy's Next Destroyer Line Christened Visakhapatnam-class, 1st Launch Next Week. LiveFist defence(15 April 2015). Retrieved 16 April 2015.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 China Beware: Here Comes India's Most Powerful Destroyer, Gady, Franz-Stefan. The Diplomat. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
  19. ↑ All About the INS Visakhapatnam, Navy's Most Powerful Destroyer, Som, Vishnu(17 April 2015). Retrieved 16 April 2015.
  20. ↑ Keel Laid For Yard 12704 (1st ship of P15 Bravo). Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders(12 October 2013). Retrieved 9 June 2014.
  21. ↑ Israel ship missile test for India. The Telegraph(28 November 2015). Retrieved 16 October 2016.
  22. ↑ Gen Next missile defence shield built by Israel and India clears first hurdle. The Times of India(28 November 2015). Retrieved 16 October 2016.
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 INS Visakhapatnam: 11 things you need to know about India's latest destroyer warship. Daily News and Analysis(20 April 2015). Retrieved 17 October 2016.
  24. ↑ Keel Laid for P15 Bravo Ships. The Times of India(25 October 2013).
  25. ↑ Mazagon Dock Keel Laying Ceremony.
  26. ↑ Advanced guided missile destroyers delayed by 3 years. The Hindu Business Line(27 December 2017).
  27. ↑ INS Visakhapatnam to be commissioned on Nov 18, followed by INS Vela sub. Hindustan Times(2021-11-01). Retrieved 2021-11-02.
  28. ↑ New stealth destroyer INS Imphal joins fleet. Hindustan Times(27 December 2023). Retrieved 27 December 2023.
  29. ↑ Surat to be the next major combatant to join Indian Navy's arsenal, DeshGujarat. DeshGujarat(2024-06-17). Retrieved 2024-08-21.
  30. ↑ World-class warships at Indian prices. Business Standard. Retrieved 9 September 2016.
  31. ↑ Navy's ongoing hunt for heavy torpedoes leads to delay in modernisation process. India Today(10 June 2013). Retrieved 20 July 2013.
  32. ↑ Dangerous consequences of warships built in India. Rediff News(20 August 2012). Retrieved 9 June 2014.
  33. ↑ Largest destroyer project of Navy hit by delay. Defence Express(6 June 2013). Retrieved 15 July 2014.
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 34.2 INS Kolkata. Indian Navy. Retrieved 10 July 2016.
  35. ↑ On INS Kolkata, PM is Only Partially Correct. NDTV. Retrieved 29 July 2016.
  36. ↑ First test of BrahMos land-attack variant from the sea. India Today(5 March 2008). Retrieved 17 July 2013.
  37. ↑ BrahMos missile test-fired from warship INS Kolkata. The Times of India(9 June 2014). Retrieved 9 June 2014.
  38. ↑ Project 15-A Improved Delhi / VIshakhapattanam / DDGHM Kolkata. GlobalSecurity.org. Retrieved 16 June 2013.
  39. ↑ Country's most potent indigenous warship joins service this month. SP's Naval Forces. Retrieved 29 July 2016.
  40. ↑ INS Kolkata. Indian Navy. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 41.2 41.3 INS Kochi. Indian Navy. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  42. ↑ India's deadliest naval warship INS Kochi commissioned in Mumbai. Indian Express(30 September 2015). Retrieved 10 July 2016.
  43. ↑ 43.0 43.1 Largest-ever 'Made-in-India' warship INS Chennai commissioned. The Times of India(21 November 2016). Retrieved 21 November 2016.
  44. ↑ Guided Missile Destroyer INS Chennai Joins the Indian Navy. Indian Navy. Retrieved 21 November 2016.
  45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 45.2 Template:Cite magazine
  46. ↑ Indian-built destroyer to be commissioned. Jane's Defence Weekly({Template:Date).
  47. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
  48. ↑ IN Ships-Destroyers-Delhi Class. Indian Navy. Retrieved 2011-12-28.
  49. ↑ BrahMos sets the 'gold standard' for Russian-Indian defence projects. Russia & India Report(22 August 2011). Retrieved 1 August 2016.
  50. ↑ Modified Kaveri Engine to Propel Indian Navy Ships. Press Information Bureau. Retrieved 1 August 2016.
  51. ↑ Template:Cite tweet
  52. ↑ HMS Redoubt (H 41) - R-class Destroyer, Mason, Geoffrey B. Naval-History.net(7 August 2011). Retrieved 10 July 2016.
  53. ↑ HMS Raider (H 15) - R-class Destroyer, Mason, Geoffrey B. Naval-History.net(7 August 2011). Retrieved 10 July 2016.
  54. ↑ British Hunt-class escort destroyers, WW2. Naval History. Retrieved 29 July 2016.
  55. ↑ Allied Warships of WWII: Escort destroyers – Hunt (Type I) class. Uboat.net. Retrieved 29 July 2016.
  56. ↑ 56.0 56.1 56.2 56.3 Allied Warships of WWII: Escort destroyers – Hunt (Type II) class uboat.net. Uboat.net. Retrieved 29 July 2016.
  57. ↑ Next-gen destroyers on drawing board, Twin Engine Deck Based Fighters expected by 2032, says Navy, Deshpande, Smruti. ThePrint(2023-12-02). Retrieved 2024-09-08.
  58. ↑ India to become 175-warship Navy with bigger destroyers in the next decade, says Chief, Ray, Kalyan. Deccan Herald. Retrieved 2024-09-08.
  59. ↑ Indian Navy Expanding to Meet China Threat, Better Team With Allies. USNI News(2022-07-20). Retrieved 2024-09-08.

Citations

References

Template:Refbegin

  • British Destroyers & Frigates: The Second World War & After{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}. Seaforth Publishing(2012). ISBN 978-1-84832-015-4
  • Naval Weapons of World War One{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}. Seaforth Publishing(2011). ISBN 978-1-84832-100-7
  • Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}. Merriam-Webster(2002)
  • Destroyer Weapons of World War 2, Volume 3 of Warship Special{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}. Conway Maritime Press(1979). ISBN 978-0-85177-137-3
  • A Policeman Ponders: Memories and Melodies of a Varied Life{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}. APH Publishing(1999). ISBN 978-81-7648-026-0
  • The Gallant Dogras: An Illustrated History of the Dogra Regiment{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}. Lancer Publishers(2005). ISBN 978-81-7062-268-0
  • Blueprint to Bluewater: The Indian Navy, 1951–65{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}. Lancer International(1992). ISBN 978-81-7062-148-5
  • Jane's Fighting Ships 2016–2017{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}. Jane's Information Group(2016). ISBN 978-0710631855

Template:Refend

Further reading

  • British & Empire Warships of the Second World War{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}. Greenhill Books(1998). ISBN 978-1-55750-048-9
  • The First Destroyers{{#if:Lyon|, Lyon}. Chatham Publishing(1996). ISBN 978-1-55750-271-1

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