View source for Atmanirbhar Bharat

{{short description|Concept created by the Modi government of India}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Promotional|date=December 2024}}
{{Peacock|date=December 2024}}
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{{Use Indian English|date=March 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}

'''Atmanirbhar Bharat''' (translation: Self-Reliant India)<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=30 January 2022|agency=Press Trust of India|title=Make in India, Atmanirbhar Bharat new definitions of Mahatma Gandhi's Swadeshi movement: Amit Shah|url=https://www.udayavani.com/english-news/make-in-india-atmanirbhar-bharat-new-definitions-of-mahatma-gandhis-swadeshi-movement-amit-shah|access-date=8 February 2022|publisher=[[Udayavani]]}}</ref> is a Hindi phrase and a policy framework in India. Indian Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] first used the term "self-reliance" in English in 2014 in discussions of national security, poverty alleviation, and the [[Digital India|Digital India initiative]]. The phrase gained prominence during the announcement of India's economic stimulus package in response to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] in 2020.<ref name=":1" />

==History==
In 2022, Union [[Home Minister]] [[Amit Shah]] acknowledged that slogans such as "Atmanirbhar Bharat" ({{IPA|hi|ˈaːt̪mənɪrbʱərət̪|pron}}), "[[Make in India]]", and "[[Vocal for Local]]"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2014411|title=NITI Aayog Launches 'Vocal for Local' Initiative Fostering Grassroots Entrepreneurship and Self- reliance|website=www.pib.gov.in}}</ref> were inspired by [[Mahatma Gandhi]]'s efforts during the [[Swadeshi movement]].<ref name=":26">{{Cite web|date=30 January 2022|title=Make In India, Atmanirbhar Bharat New Definitions Of Mahatma Gandhi's Swadeshi Movement: Amit Shah|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/national/make-in-india-atmanirbhar-bharat-new-definitions-of-mahatma-gandhi-s-swadeshi-movement-amit-shah-news-50305|access-date=8 February 2022|website=Outlook India}}</ref> He stated that pre-independence aspirations that had been forgotten are now being revived, adapted, and put into practice.

=== Defence Sector ===
{{Multiple image
| image1            = HAL Tejas IOC variants of Squadron 45 Flying Daggers doing air manoeuvre.jpg
| image2            = 
| footer            = Indigenous [[HAL Tejas]] is a multirole light fighter, with indigenous content being 59.7% by value and 75.5% by numbers (2016). Indigenization of a number of parts is underway.<ref>{{Cite news|date=18 November 2016|title=Indigenous content of Tejas 59.7% by value & 75.5% by numbers|work=The Economic Times|agency=Press Trust of India|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/indigenous-content-of-tejas-59-7-by-value-75-5-by-numbers/articleshow/55498923.cms?from=mdr|access-date=12 November 2021}}</ref>
| caption1          = [[Initial operating capability]] variants of [[No. 45 Squadron IAF|No. 45 Squadron]] doing air maneuvers.
| caption2          = Integration of Helmet Mounted Display and Sight [[Helmet-mounted display#Display and sight helmet (DASH)|DASH-IV]] from [[Elbit Systems]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=31st Annual Report 2015 - 2016|url=https://www.ada.gov.in/images/Annual%20Report%202015-16.pdf#page=15|url-status=live|access-date=12 November 2021|website=ada.gov.in|publisher=[[Aeronautical Development Agency]], Ministry of Defence, India|page=11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170410214304/https://www.ada.gov.in/images/Annual%20Report%202015-16.pdf|archive-date=10 April 2017}}</ref>
}}
The Indian defence sector also requires self-sufficiency in [[military logistics]], including food supplies during emergencies.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Fazalbhoy|first=Y. A.|url=https://indianliberals.in/forum-of-free-enterprise/towards-self-reliance-and-greater-productivity-y-a-fazalbhoy-b-t-dastur-april-12-1966.pdf|title=Towards Self-Reliance|publisher=Forum of Free Enterprise|year=1966|pages=3–4|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328015738/https://indianliberals.in/forum-of-free-enterprise/towards-self-reliance-and-greater-productivity-y-a-fazalbhoy-b-t-dastur-april-12-1966.pdf|archive-date=28 March 2022}}</ref>

The [[Ministry of Defence (India)|Ministry of Defence]] (MoD) amended the Defence Acquisition Procedure (DAP) in 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wayback Machine |url=https://www.mod.gov.in/dod/sites/default/files/DAP2030new.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250123181353/https://www.mod.gov.in/dod/sites/default/files/DAP2030new.pdf |archive-date=2025-01-23 |access-date=2025-09-07 |website=www.mod.gov.in}}</ref>{{Update inline|date=June 2025|reason=Has it been amended or not? It's been 5 years}} Under the new rules, the private sector was allowed to form joint ventures with [[public sector undertakings in India]] by acquiring a 51% stake. The private sector was also permitted to export up to 25% of the production. The [[Indian Armed Forces]] have also stated that they would purchase the final product. The [[Indian Multi Role Helicopter|Indian Multi-Role Helicopter]] was the first major project to follow this process.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Gupta|first=Shishir|date=17 July 2022|title=Defence ministry to allow private companies to develop military helicopters|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/defence-ministry-to-allow-private-companies-to-develop-military-helicopters-101658025719093.html|access-date=4 August 2022|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>

=== 2020 Economic Stimulus ===
During the [[COVID-19 pandemic in India|coronavirus pandemic in India]], amid [[COVID-19 lockdown in India|lockdown]] measures and an existing economic slowdown, the government issued an adapted version of the self-reliance policy.{{Sfn|Joshi|Muchhal|Brennan|Pradhan|2021|p=2}} On 12 May 2020, Prime Minister Modi publicly used the Hindi phrase for the first time, stating:<ref name=":9">{{Cite web|last=Mohanty|first=Prasanna|date=14 November 2020|title=Rebooting Economy 45: What is AatmaNirbhar Bharat and where will it take India?|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/opinion/columns/indian-economy-what-is-aatmanirbhar-bharat-and-where-will-it-take-india/story/421952.html|url-status=live|access-date=14 March 2021|website=Business Today|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114030738/https://www.businesstoday.in/opinion/columns/indian-economy-what-is-aatmanirbhar-bharat-and-where-will-it-take-india/story/421952.html|archive-date=14 November 2020}}</ref> (trans.) "''The state of the world today teaches us that (Atmanirbhar Bharat) 'Self-reliant India' is the only path. It is said in our scriptures-Eshah Panthah. That is self-sufficient India''."<ref name=":21" /><ref name=":23" /> While the speech was in Hindi, the reference by the [[Press Information Bureau]] to both "self-reliance" and "self-sufficiency" led to some confusion.<ref name=":21">{{Cite web|last=Misra|first=Udit|date=17 August 2020|editor=Explained Desk|title=Atmanirbhar Bharat: A brief and not-so-affectionate history|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explainspeaking-atmanirbhar-bharat-a-brief-and-not-so-affectionate-history-6556627/|url-status=live|access-date=12 September 2020|website=The Indian Express|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918024331/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explainspeaking-atmanirbhar-bharat-a-brief-and-not-so-affectionate-history-6556627/|archive-date=18 September 2020}}</ref><ref name=":23">{{Cite web|date=12 May 2020|title=English Rendering of Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi's Address to the Nation on 12.5.2020|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=1623418|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200523233046/https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=1623418|archive-date=23 May 2020|access-date=10 November 2021|website=pib.gov.in (Press Information Bureau)|publisher=Prime Minister's Office, Government of India}}</ref> The [[Government of India]] announced an economic package known as the "''Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan"'' ({{Translation|Self-reliant India Mission}}).{{Sfn|Joshi|Muchhal|Brennan|Pradhan|2021|p=1}} The initiative received a mixed response.{{sfnp|Sen and Murali, India's Self-Reliance Initiative|2021|p=3}}

{{External media|topic=|headerimage=|caption=|video1={{YouTube|P4QjOhu9eIQ|''PM Modi's address to the Nation on COVID-19 (12 May 2020)'', PMO India (Timestamp 4:39 to 5:14)}}|video2=|width=220px}}

According to [[Swaminathan Aiyar]], writing for [[The Economic Times]], "Atmanirbhar" can be translated as both self-reliance and self-sufficiency. In the 1960s and 1970s, India's drive for self-sufficiency was unsuccessful,<ref name=":5">{{Cite news|date=30 June 2020|title=Govt needs to understand the difference between self-sufficiency and self-reliance: Swaminathan Aiyar|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/expert-view/govt-needs-to-understand-the-difference-between-self-sufficiency-and-self-reliance-swaminathan-aiyar/articleshow/76710928.cms|access-date=12 September 2020}}</ref> and doing the same thing again was not advisable.<ref name=":5" /> [[Sadanand Dhume]] was sceptical of the terminology and language related to the phrase, and whether it was meant for the revival of [[Economic liberalisation in India|pre-liberalization era]] policies.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Dhume|first=Sadanand|author-link=Sadanand Dhume|date=1 June 2020|quote=From TOI print edition|title=The false promise of self-reliance: An inward-looking India could quickly slide towards closed-mindedness, cronyism and mediocrity|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/toi-edit-page/the-false-promise-of-self-reliance-an-inward-looking-india-could-quickly-slide-towards-closed-mindedness-cronyism-and-mediocrity/?frmapp=yes|access-date=10 November 2021|website=The Times of India Blog|language=en-US}}</ref> "''Aatmanirbharta"'' or Self-Reliance was the Oxford [[Hindi]] [[Word of the year|Word of the Year]] in 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Canton|first=Naomi|date=3 February 2021|title='Aatmanirbharta' chosen Oxford Hindi Word of Year 2020|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/aatmanirbharta-chosen-oxford-hindi-word-of-year-2020/articleshow/80656419.cms|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210202185430/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/aatmanirbharta-chosen-oxford-hindi-word-of-year-2020/articleshow/80656419.cms|archive-date=2 February 2021|access-date=3 February 2021|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{Cite web |date=12 May 2020 |title=Oxford Hindi Word of the Year 2020 |url=https://languages.oup.com/word-of-the-year/hindi-word-of-the-year-2020-en/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210313122622/https://languages.oup.com/word-of-the-year/hindi-word-of-the-year-2020-en/ |archive-date=13 March 2021 |access-date=13 March 2021 |website=languages.oup.com |language=en-GB |quote=The Oxford Hindi Word of the Year 2020 is... Aatmanirbhar Bharat or Self-Reliance.}}</ref>

This adapted plan for self-reliance or "Atmanirbharta" emerged with a readiness to associate with and challenge the global [[economy]], unlike the past decades, when there had been a wish to disassociate, such as during the pre-independence [[Swadeshi movement]] and with post-independence foreign aid.{{Sfn|Joshi|Muchhal|Brennan|Pradhan|2021|p=7}} Swadeshi, however, has been adapted with slogans such as "vocal for local," while at the same time, global interconnectedness is being promoted.{{Sfn|Joshi|Muchhal|Brennan|Pradhan|2021|p=7}} The government aims to reconcile this; according to the [[Economist Intelligence Unit]], "The policies created by Modi aim to reduce domestic market access to imports, but at the same time to open the economy and export to the rest of the world."<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sharma|first=Samrat|date=23 September 2020|title=Modi's 'Atmanirbhar Bharat' has downside risks too; will India take pre-liberalisation stand again?|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/economy/modis-atmanirbhar-bharat-has-downside-risks-too-will-india-take-pre-liberalisation-stand-again/2089891/|url-status=live|access-date=11 November 2021|website=The Financial Express|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925202426/https://www.financialexpress.com/economy/modis-atmanirbhar-bharat-has-downside-risks-too-will-india-take-pre-liberalisation-stand-again/2089891/|archive-date=25 September 2020}}</ref>

Along with the coronavirus pandemic, Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan could be seen in the context of India-China border relations and India's economic dependence on China in some sectors.{{sfnp|Sen and Murali, India's Self-Reliance Initiative|2021|p=14}} There were calls for India to [[boycott Chinese products]] and promote an ''Atmanirbhar Bharat.'' In contrast, India faces practical challenges in the near term, as it imports ₹6.4 trillion ($75 billion USD) worth of goods from China annually, and certain sectors of its economy are reliant on China.<ref>{{Cite web|last=HV|first=Harish|date=5 June 2020|title='Atmanirbharta' from China—easier said than done|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/atmanirbharta-from-china-easier-said-than-done/article31758424.ece|access-date=5 June 2020|website=The Hindu @businessline|language=en}}</ref> Following the [[2020 China–India skirmishes|Galwan Valley skirmish]] on 15 June 2020, which resulted in many deaths, [[Swadeshi Jagaran Manch]], an affiliate of the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]], said if the government was serious about making India self-reliant, Chinese companies should not be given contracts for projects such as the [[Delhi–Meerut Regional Rapid Transit System]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Arnimesh|first=Shanker|date=15 June 2020|title=RSS affiliate wants Modi govt to cancel Chinese firm's bid for Delhi-Meerut RRTS project|url=https://theprint.in/india/rss-affiliate-wants-modi-govt-to-cancel-chinese-firms-bid-for-delhi-meerut-rrts-project/442119/|access-date=18 June 2020|website=ThePrint|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Shrivastava|first=Rahul|date=16 June 2020|title=Chinese firm bids lowest for Delhi-Meerut project, RSS affiliate asks Modi govt to scrap company's bid|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/chinese-firm-delhi-meerut-project-rss-modi-govt-stec-sjm-1689438-2020-06-16|access-date=18 June 2020|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref> A Chinese company was awarded a contract for {{Convert|5.6|km|miles|abbr=on}} of the project.<ref>{{Cite web|date=4 January 2021|title=Chinese firm to build stretch of Delhi-Meerut RRTS corridor|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/chinese-firm-to-build-stretch-of-delhi-meerut-rrts-corridor-7131677/|access-date=4 January 2021|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>

While Atmanirbhar Bharat has been extensively promoted during the [[premiership of Narendra Modi]], especially in rhetoric and speeches, this is not always apparent in government policies. {{Sfn|Joshi|Muchhal|Brennan|Pradhan|2021|p=1, 8}} There has been concern that ''Atmanirbhar Bharat'' is political messaging that has no economic impact.<ref>{{Cite web|last=D'souza|first=Renita|date=29 June 2020|title=Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan: A true commitment or a cosmetic gimmick?|url=https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/atmanirbhar-bharat-abhiyan-68686/|access-date=28 March 2022|website=ORF|language=en-US}}</ref> India's [[trade deficit]] restricts a reduction in dependence on imports, limiting protectionism and isolationism.{{Sfn|Alam|Khan|Ghosal|Satpati|2021|p=6}} Protectionist tendencies such as tariff increases, however, have been seen during this phase.<ref name=":28">{{Cite news|last=Mukherjee|first=Andy|date=17 January 2022|title=View: Will India's self-reliance stance prove to be a costly mistake?|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/indicators/view-will-indias-self-reliance-stance-prove-to-be-a-costly-mistake/articleshow/88940814.cms|access-date=28 March 2022}}</ref> The general trend of the Modi government has been to support domestic industries rather than global ones.{{sfnp|Sen and Murali, India's Self-Reliance Initiative|2021|p=18-19}} Subsidies are being used as incentives to get global business leaders into India.<ref name=":28" /> The initiative has been accused of [[crony capitalism]] and of giving false hope to small businesses that align with the messaging.{{sfnp|Sen and Murali, India's Self-Reliance Initiative|2021|p=18}} On 7 December 2021, the [[List of chief ministers of Madhya Pradesh|Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh]] said that for India to be self-reliant, states must be self-reliant.<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 December 2021|agency=Indo-Asian News Service|title=States need to be 'self-reliant' for 'Atmanirbhar Bharat': MP CM|url=https://ahmedabadmirror.com/states-need-to-be-self-reliant-for-atmanirbhar-bharat-mp-cm/81813495.html|access-date=15 February 2022|website=Ahmedabad Mirror|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=PHD Research Bureau|date=December 2021|title=States' Policy Conclave 2021. Role of States in Making Atmanirbhar Bharat (Self-reliant India)|url=https://www.phdcci.in/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/States-Conclave-Report-2021-cmprd.pdf|publisher=PHD Chamber of Commerce and Industry}}</ref>

==Use By The NDA Government==

Prime Minister Modi used the phrase "self-reliance" in June 2014 about defense manufacturing for self-reliance in national security.<ref name=":16">{{Cite web|date=14 June 2014|agency=Press Trust of India|title=PM Narendra Modi dedicates largest warship INS Vikramaditya to the nation, pitches for self-reliance|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/prime-minister-narendra-modi-lands-on-indias-biggest-warship-ins-vikramaditya/|url-status=live|access-date=20 March 2021|website=The Indian Express|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140614213622/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/prime-minister-narendra-modi-lands-on-indias-biggest-warship-ins-vikramaditya/|archive-date=14 June 2014}}</ref> He reiterated this over the years; in 2018, he spoke of the need for India to make its weapons.<ref name=":17">{{Cite news|date=14 July 2018|title=Indigenous defence production must for India's self-reliance: PM Narendra Modi|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/indigenous-defence-production-must-for-indias-self-reliance-pm-narendra-modi/articleshow/50427033.cms?from=mdr|access-date=20 March 2021}}</ref> In August 2014, he connected self-reliance to [[Digital India]],<ref name=":19">{{Cite web|date=15 August 2014|agency=Press Trust of India|title=PM Narendra Modi calls for 'Digital India' to improve governance|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/current/economy-politics/pm-narendra-modi-for-digital-india-to-improve-governance/story/209253.html|url-status=live|access-date=20 March 2021|website=Business Today|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190610041434/https://www.businesstoday.in/current/economy-politics/pm-narendra-modi-for-digital-india-to-improve-governance/story/209253.html|archive-date=10 June 2019}}</ref> in September 2014, about making the poor self-reliant,<ref name=":18">{{Cite web|date=17 September 2014|agency=Press Trust of India|title=Prime Minister Narendra Modi pitches schemes to make poor self-reliant|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/prime-minister-narendra-modi-pitches-for-schemes-to-make-poor-self-reliant/|url-status=live|access-date=20 March 2021|website=The Indian Express|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140917113230/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/prime-minister-narendra-modi-pitches-for-schemes-to-make-poor-self-reliant/|archive-date=17 September 2014}}</ref> and in March 2022, in relation to technologies.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2 March 2022|title=PM Modi bats for self-reliance in technology sector|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/pm-modi-bats-for-self-reliance-in-technology-sector-11646199640637.html|access-date=28 March 2022|publisher=Livemint}}</ref>

Proponents of Atmanirbhar Bharat, including Modi and his cabinet ministers for finance and law, have said this self-reliance policy does not aim to be protectionist, exclusionist, or isolationist. For India, self-reliance means being a larger and more important part of the world economy.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|date=13 May 2020|title='To spur growth': Nirmala Sitharaman on PM Modi's Atamanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/to-spur-growth-nirmala-on-pm-modi-s-atamanirbha-bharat-abhiyan/story-s71j5O0ZG21QY4qsTsUnTP.html|access-date=13 May 2020|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite news|date=26 May 2020|title=Bennett University webinar: Need to tap Artificial Intelligence to fight Covid, says IT minister Ravi Shankar Prasad|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/ites/prasad-need-to-tap-artificial-intelligence-to-fight-covid/articleshow/75984783.cms?from=mdr|access-date=26 May 2020}}</ref> The concept requires policies that are efficient and resilient and encourage equity and competitiveness.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=9 July 2020|title=''Aatmanirbhar Bharat not self-containment'': PM assures global investors|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/aatmanirbhar-bharat-not-selfcontainment-pm-assures-global-investors/1890629|access-date=12 September 2020|website=Outlook India}}</ref> It means being self-sustaining and self-generating;<ref name=":2" /> and creating "wealth and values not only for ourselves but for the larger humanity".<ref>{{Cite news|date=11 March 2021|title=Creating wealth, values for humanity at core of 'Aatmanirbhar Bharat': PM Modi|work=The Economic Times|agency=Press Trust of India|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/at-core-of-atmanirbhar-bharat-is-to-create-wealth-values-for-humanity-pm-modi/articleshow/81444502.cms|access-date=14 March 2021}}</ref> In March 2021, Finance Minister [[Nirmala Sitharaman]] said the Atmanirbhar Bharat campaign is not about bringing back [[socialism]] or import substitution; rather, the intent is to boost manufacturing.<ref>{{Cite news|date=22 March 2021|title=Atmanirbhar Bharat not to stop imports but to boost manufacturing: FM|work=Business Today|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/current/economy-politics/atmanirbhar-bharat-move-not-to-stop-imports-but-to-boost-manufacturing-capabilities-fm/story/434446.html|access-date=21 March 2021}}</ref> The five pillars of Atmanirbhar Bharat are economy, infrastructure, technology-driven systems, vibrant demography, and demand.<ref>{{Cite web|date=12 May 2020|title=Atmanirbhar Bharat: PM Modi calls for self-reliant India, lays down 5 pillars|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/pm-modi-lists-5-pillars-of-self-reliant-india/articleshow/75700425.cms|access-date=25 November 2020|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

=== COVID-19 Pandemic Initiatives ===
[[File:Covaxin.jpg|thumb|A 5ml vial of [[Covaxin]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=3 March 2021|editor-last=Bhaduri|editor-first=Ayshee|title=Covaxin demonstrates prowess of Atmanirbhar Bharat, says ICMR chief|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/covaxin-demonstrates-prowess-of-atmanirbhar-bharat-says-icmr-chief-101614781634940.html|url-status=live|access-date=18 March 2021|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210303143201/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/covaxin-demonstrates-prowess-of-atmanirbhar-bharat-says-icmr-chief-101614781634940.html|archive-date=3 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=1 March 2021|title=Humbled,' tweets Bharat Biotech after PM Modi takes Covaxin dose at AIIMS|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/lifestyle/health/humbled-tweets-bharat-biotech-after-pm-modi-takes-covaxin-dose-at-aiims/2204099/|access-date=18 March 2021|website=The Financial Express|language=en-US}}</ref> has been conveyed as a symbol of Atmanirbhar Bharat.<ref name=":12" />]]

The research, development, and manufacture of [[COVID-19 vaccination in India|COVID-19 vaccinations in India]] were connected in separate statements to ''atmanirbharta'' by the President,<ref>{{Cite web|date=9 January 2021|title=Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyaan will make world order more just and fair: Kovind|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/atmanirbhar-bharat-abhiyaan-will-make-world-order-more-just-and-fair-kovind-11610200600936.html|url-status=live|access-date=11 November 2021|website=Livemint|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109142812/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/atmanirbhar-bharat-abhiyaan-will-make-world-order-more-just-and-fair-kovind-11610200600936.html|archive-date=9 January 2021}}</ref> Vice-president,<ref>{{Cite web|date=4 January 2021|agency=Press Trust of India|title=India's emergency approval to 2 Covid vaccines a leap of science, says Venkaiah Naidu|url=https://theprint.in/india/indias-emergency-approval-to-2-covid-vaccines-a-leap-of-science-says-venkaiah%E2%80%89naidu/579364/|url-status=live|access-date=11 November 2021|website=ThePrint|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210104144218/https://theprint.in/india/indias-emergency-approval-to-2-covid-vaccines-a-leap-of-science-says-venkaiah%E2%80%89naidu/579364/|archive-date=4 January 2021}}</ref> Prime Minister,<ref name=":12">{{Cite web|date=31 January 2021|title='Made in India vaccines are a symbol of Atmanirbhar Bharat': PM Modi|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/made-in-india-vaccines-are-a-symbol-of-atmanirbhar-bharat-pm-modi-11612078225077.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210131084300/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/made-in-india-vaccines-are-a-symbol-of-atmanirbhar-bharat-pm-modi-11612078225077.html|archive-date=31 January 2021|access-date=14 March 2021|website=Livemint}}</ref> and other Union ministers.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web|date=23 January 2021|title=Manufacture Of Covid-19 Vaccine, A Fulfilment Of Atmanirbhar Bharat Vision: Prakash Javedekar|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/india-news-large-scale-manufacture-of-covid-19-vaccine-fulfills-atmanirbhar-bharat-vision-prakash-javedekar/371588|url-status=live|access-date=14 March 2021|website=Outlook India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125143018/https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/india-news-large-scale-manufacture-of-covid-19-vaccine-fulfills-atmanirbhar-bharat-vision-prakash-javedekar/371588/|archive-date=25 January 2021}}</ref> Modi stated, "Made in India vaccines are a symbol of Atmanirbhar Bharat".<ref name=":12" />

On May 12, October 12, and November 12, 2020, the government announced three Atmanirbhar Bharat packages worth {{INRConvert|29.87|t|lk=on|year=2020}} in response to the COVID-19 crisis. The second and third economic stimulus packages were labelled Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan 2.0 and 3.0.<ref name=":442">{{Cite web|last1=Misra|first1=Udit|date=13 May 2020|title=PM Modi's self-reliant India Mission economic package: Here is the fine print|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/narendra-modi-coronavirus-economic-package-india-self-reliance-6406939/|access-date=13 May 2020|website=The Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=12 May 2020|title=PM Modi Speech LIVE Updates: To battle Covid-19, Rs 20,00,000 crore economic package|work=The Indian Express|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/coronavirus-india-lockdown-live-news-updates-pm-modi-address-to-nation-speech-today-lockdown-extension-6406297/|access-date=12 May 2020}}</ref><ref name=":652">{{Cite web|last=Sharma|first=Manoj|date=12 November 2020|title=Govt announces Atmanirbhar Bharat 3.0; claims COVID stimulus now worth Rs 29.8 lakh crore|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/current/corporate/govt-announces-atmanirbhar-bharat-30-covid-stimulus-worth-rs-29-lakh-crore/story/421809.html|url-status=live|access-date=26 November 2020|website=Business Today|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116015509/https://www.businesstoday.in/current/corporate/govt-announces-atmanirbhar-bharat-30-covid-stimulus-worth-rs-29-lakh-crore/story/421809.html|archive-date=16 November 2020}}</ref> As part of the Atmanirbhar Bharat packages, the government decided to change the definition of [[Small and medium-sized enterprises]] (MSMEs),<ref>{{Cite news|date=1 June 2020|title=Atmanirbhar Bharat: Union Cabinet approves changes in definition of MSMEs|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/atmanirbhar-bharat-union-cabinet-approves-changes-in-definition-of-msmes-120060100950_1.html|access-date=2 June 2020}}</ref> boosting the scope for private participation in several sectors,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Mishra|first=Hari Hara|date=1 June 2020|title=Post-COVID-19 Atma Nirbhar Bharat: Time to usher in an industrial and agricultural revolution|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/opinion/columns/coronavirus-impact-govt-focus-on-industry-and-agriculture-economic-stimulus-package-industrial-policy/story/405568.html|url-status=live|access-date=2 June 2020|website=Business Today|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609201808/https://www.businesstoday.in/opinion/columns/coronavirus-impact-govt-focus-on-industry-and-agriculture-economic-stimulus-package-industrial-policy/story/405568.html|archive-date=9 June 2020}}</ref> increasing [[foreign direct investment]] (FDI) in the defence sector;<ref name=":0" /> and the changes found support in many sectors such as solar energy manufacturing.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2 June 2020|title=Solar manufacturers extend support to govt's Atma Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan|url=https://energy.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/renewable/solar-manufacturers-extend-support-to-govts-atma-nirbhar-bharat-abhiyan/76146564|url-status=live|access-date=2 June 2020|website=Economic Times Energyworld|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610153801/https://energy.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/renewable/solar-manufacturers-extend-support-to-govts-atma-nirbhar-bharat-abhiyan/76146564|archive-date=10 June 2020}}</ref>

The growth of India's [[personal protective equipment]] (PPE) sector from limited production before March 2020 to 450,000 pieces a day by the beginning of July 2020 is considered an example of a self-reliant India.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Building Atmanirbhar Bharat & Overcoming COVID-19|url=https://www.india.gov.in/spotlight/building-atmanirbhar-bharat-overcoming-covid-19|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612113042/https://www.india.gov.in/spotlight/building-atmanirbhar-bharat-overcoming-covid-19|archive-date=12 June 2020|access-date=12 June 2020|website=india.gov.in (National Portal of India)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=5 May 2020|author=ANI|title=From zero, India now produces around 4 lakh PPE kits per day|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/from-zero-india-now-produces-around-2-lakh-ppe-kits-per-day/articleshow/75556879.cms|access-date=12 June 2020|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> The PPE industry in India became a {{INRConvert|100|b|lk=on|year=2020}} industry in three months, the second largest after China.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bhushan|first=Ranjit|date=10 June 2020|title=From PPE kits to sanitisers to ventilators, COVID-19 has sparked off an indigenous cottage industry boom|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/trends/from-ppe-kits-to-sanitisers-to-ventilators-covid-19-has-sparked-off-an-indigenous-cottage-industry-boom-5384981.html|access-date=12 June 2020|website=Moneycontrol}}</ref>

In July 2020, the [[Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution|Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food, and Public Distribution]] issued a statement placing food rationing within the ambit of Atmanirbhar Bharat.<ref name=":9" /> In August 2020, following the [[Indian migrant workers during the COVID-19 pandemic|migrant workers crisis during the pandemic]], the same ministry made a statement placing the welfare of migrants within the concept's ambit.<ref name=":9" />

=== Other initiatives ===

The importance of education and research for self-reliance has been recognised.<ref>{{Cite web|date=3 March 2021|title=National Education Policy will help make India self-reliant: PM Modi|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/education/pm-modi-to-address-session-on-education-skill-development-for-atmanirbhar-bharat-7212071/|access-date=11 November 2021|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> In an address to the students of [[Visva-Bharati University]], the new [[National Education Policy 2020|National Education Policy]] of India was connected to the creation of an Atmanirbhar Bharat,<ref>{{Cite news|agency=Press Trust of India|date=22 September 2020|title=NEP will play key role in creating 'Atmanirbhar Bharat': PM Modi|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/education/nep-will-play-key-role-in-creating-atmanirbhar-bharat-pm-modi/article32669169.ece|url-access=limited|access-date=11 November 2021|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> and Prime Minister Modi challenged the students to make the villages surrounding the university self-reliant.<ref name=":24">{{Cite web|date=19 February 2021|editor-last=Sarkar|editor-first=Shankhyaneel|title=New education policy will pave path for Atmanirbhar Bharat: PM Modi|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/new-education-policy-will-pave-path-for-atmanirbhar-bharat-pm-modi-101613725782902.html|url-status=live|access-date=11 November 2021|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210219091642/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/new-education-policy-will-pave-path-for-atmanirbhar-bharat-pm-modi-101613725782902.html|archive-date=19 February 2021}}</ref> The [[Minister of Education (India)|Indian Minister of Education]] has also stressed the link between education and Atmanirbhar Bharat.<ref name=":25">{{Cite web|last=Kumar|first=C. Raj|author-link=C. Raj Kumar|date=28 September 2020|title=Building India's Atmanirbhar Universities|url=https://www.educationworld.in/building-indias-atmanirbhar-universities/|url-status=live|access-date=11 November 2021|website=Education World|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031154415/https://www.educationworld.in/building-indias-atmanirbhar-universities/|archive-date=31 October 2020}}</ref> Educationist and university administrator [[C. Raj Kumar]] said the vision of an "Atmanirbhar University" combines the vision of [[John Henry Newman|John Henry Newman's]] work "Idea of a University" with the [[Humboldtian model of higher education]].<ref name=":25" /> Apex public education bodies such as [[AICTE]] have asked universities to use Indian books where possible in an effort to promote Atmanirbhar Bharat.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sharma|first=Kritika|date=5 February 2021|title=Use books by Indian authors to promote PM's Atmanirbhar Bharat mission — AICTE to colleges|url=https://theprint.in/india/education/use-books-by-indian-authors-to-promote-pms-atmanirbhar-bharat-mission-aicte-to-colleges/599538/|access-date=11 November 2021|website=ThePrint|language=en-US}}</ref> The [[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|home minister]] acknowledged that the new policy also gives due importance to ''svabhasha'', the [[Languages of India|Indian language]].<ref name=":26" />

During a speech in 2017, Prime Minister Modi said his government was trying to tap [[human capital flight]] and had the aim of engaging [[Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin|India's diaspora]].<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Peermohamed|first1=Alnoor|last2=Pramanik|first2=Ayan|date=9 January 2017|title=India to tap NRIs for R&D and turn 'brain drain' into 'brain gain': Modi|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/india-to-tap-nris-for-r-d-and-turn-brain-drain-into-brain-gain-modi-117010800273_1.html|access-date=23 March 2021}}</ref> To this effect, new organisations such as the [[Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre|Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre (IN-SPACe)]] in the space sector would aim to channel India's space talent.<ref>{{Cite web|date=24 June 2020|editor-last=Saxena|editor-first=Sparshita|title='Another step towards making India self-reliant': PM Modi lauds govt's 'historic' move in space sector|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/another-step-towards-making-india-self-reliant-pm-modi-lauds-govt-s-historic-move-in-space-sector/story-0z4O4gU0NnSz4DJMK16ChI.html|url-status=live|access-date=23 March 2021|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626004126/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/another-step-towards-making-india-self-reliant-pm-modi-lauds-govt-s-historic-move-in-space-sector/story-0z4O4gU0NnSz4DJMK16ChI.html|archive-date=26 June 2020}}</ref> Dependence in the [[Pharmaceutical industry in India|pharmaceutical sector]] upon [[active pharmaceutical ingredients]] is being addressed; out of 53 raw materials that were imported, 35 were being produced in India by March 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ghosh|first=Abantika|date=29 March 2022|title=Inching towards self-reliance: India now makes 35 drug raw materials that were imported before|url=https://theprint.in/health/inching-towards-self-reliance-india-now-makes-35-drug-raw-materials-that-were-imported-before/893653/|access-date=24 April 2022|website=ThePrint}}</ref>

[[File:Atmanirbhar Bharat Defence Industry Outreach 27 August 2020.jpg|thumb|The Defence Minister, [[Rajnath Singh]], addressed an Atmanirbhar Bharat Defence Industry Outreach Webinar in August 2020. Government and private defence leaders are in attendance.]]

In August 2020, Defence Minister [[Rajnath Singh]] announced the [[Ministry of Defence (India)|Defence Ministry]] was "now ready for a big push to the Atmanirbhar Bharat initiative" by imposing import prohibitions on 101 military items in a staged manner over five years.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kaushik|first=Krishn|date=10 August 2020|title=Explained: What is the negative imports list for defence announced by Rajnath Singh?|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-what-is-the-negative-imports-list-for-defence-announced-by-rajnath-singh-6547318/|access-date=11 August 2020|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Philip|first=Snehesh Alex|date=9 August 2020|title=Artillery guns, assault rifles, AFVs — Here's a list of 101 items MoD won't import in future|url=https://theprint.in/defence/artillery-guns-assault-rifles-afvs-heres-a-list-of-101-items-mod-wont-import-in-future/478066/|access-date=11 August 2020|website=ThePrint|language=en-US}}</ref> In the following months, more positive indigenisation lists and negative import lists were released.<ref>{{Cite news|last=IANS|date=29 December 2021|title=India stops import of 2,851 components used in defence platforms|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/india-stops-import-of-2-851-components-used-in-defence-platforms-121122900626_1.html|access-date=8 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=29 December 2021|title=Defence ministry puts restrictions on import of 351 items under staggered timeline|work=The Economic Times|agency=Press Trust of India|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/india-stops-import-of-2851-components-used-in-defence-platforms/articleshow/88564208.cms|access-date=8 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Ray|first=Kalyan|date=7 April 2022|title=Defence ministry's third negative import list prohibits import of another 101 items|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/defence-ministrys-third-negative-import-list-prohibits-import-of-another-101-items-1098572.html|access-date=24 April 2022|website=Deccan Herald|language=en}}</ref> The new legislation{{Efn|The Defence Production and Export Promotion Policy (DPEPP 2020) and Defence Acquisition Procedure 2020 (DAP 2020)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Defence Acquisition Procedure 2020|url=https://www.mod.gov.in/dod/sites/default/files/DAP2030new_0.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203105203/https://www.mod.gov.in/dod/sites/default/files/DAP2030new_0.pdf|archive-date=3 February 2021|access-date=24 March 2021|website=Ministry of Defence, Government of India}}</ref>}} was portrayed as an initiative towards increasing India's self-reliance.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Saxena|first=Lt Gen (Dr) (Retd.) VK|date=16 October 2020|title=DAP 2020: Solid Provisions Demand Solid Implementation|url=http://www.indiandefencereview.com/news/dap-2020-solid-provisions-demand-solid-implementation/|url-status=live|access-date=17 October 2020|website=Indian Defence Review|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201017225803/http://www.indiandefencereview.com/news/dap-2020-solid-provisions-demand-solid-implementation/|archive-date=17 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Das|first=Pushan|date=15 April 2020|title=India's defence procurement policy 2020: Old wine in a new bottle|url=https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/indias-defence-procurement-policy-2020-old-wine-in-a-new-bottle-64673/|url-status=live|access-date=24 March 2021|website=ORF|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200509131456/https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/indias-defence-procurement-policy-2020-old-wine-in-a-new-bottle-64673/|archive-date=9 May 2020}}</ref> A new category of procurement, Indian Indigenously Designed, Developed, and Manufactured (Indian-IDDM), was created.<ref>{{Cite web|date=24 March 2017|title=Defence Procurement Policy|url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=159864|url-status=live|access-date=24 March 2021|website=Press Information Bureau, Government of India|publisher=Ministry of Defence|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027181913/https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx%3Frelid%3D159864|archive-date=27 October 2021}}</ref> Reform of the [[Ordnance Factory Board]] and giving the new defence public sector undertaking (PSU) units large-scale orders was a move towards military self-reliance.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kaushik|first=Krishn|date=16 October 2021|title=PM push to Atmanirbhar Bharat: Goal is to make India major military power|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/pm-narendra-modi-atmanirbhar-bharat-military-power-7574181/|access-date=8 February 2022|website=The Indian Express}}</ref> Equipment manufactured under Indian-IDDM has been handed over to the military.<ref>{{Cite web|date=16 November 2021|title=PM Modi to lay foundation of defence plant in Jhansi|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/lucknow/pm-modi-to-lay-foundation-of-defence-plant-in-jhansi-7624735/|access-date=8 February 2022|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Shreya|date=31 December 2021|title=From Atmanirbhar Bharat to Women's Empowerment: A year of reforms for defence ministry|url=https://www.oneindia.com/india/from-atmanirbhar-bharat-to-women-s-empowerment-a-year-of-reforms-for-defence-ministry-3353984.html|access-date=8 February 2022|website=[[Oneindia]]}}</ref> In the fiscal year 2022, the Ministry of Defence decided to spend 65% of its capital budget on domestic procurement.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Shukla|first=Ajai|date=20 April 2022|title=Ministry of Defense decided to spend 65% of FY22 capital budget on domestic procurement|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/mod-spends-65-of-fy22-capital-budget-on-domestic-procurement-122042000520_1.html|website=Business Standard}}</ref> Increased self-reliance is also being seen in the construction of its warships and submarines.<ref>{{Cite web|date=22 February 2022|title=Navy becoming self-reliant for Atmanirbhar Bharat, says Prez at fleet review|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2022/feb/22/navy-becoming-self-reliant-for-atmanirbhar-bharat-says-prez-at-fleet-review-2422338.html|access-date=24 April 2022|work=The Indian Express}}</ref>

The phrase was also connected to the [[2021 Union budget of India|2021]],<ref>{{Cite web|last=Prasad|first=Gireesh Chandra|date=16 December 2020|title=Mint Budget 2021: Atmanirbhar Bharat is govt's mantra for economic revival|url=https://www.livemint.com/budget/news/mint-budget-2021-atmanirbhar-bharat-is-govt-s-mantra-for-economic-revival-11608085756176.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201216024830/https://www.livemint.com/budget/news/mint-budget-2021-atmanirbhar-bharat-is-govt-s-mantra-for-economic-revival-11608085756176.html|archive-date=16 December 2020|access-date=13 February 2021|website=Livemint|language=en}}</ref> and [[2022 Union budget of India|2022]] Union budgets.<ref>{{Cite web|date=1 February 2022|title=Budget 2022-2023 Speech of Nirmala Sitharaman, Minister of Finance|url=https://www.indiabudget.gov.in/doc/budget_speech.pdf|website=Union Budget|publisher=Ministry of Finance, Government of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Kumar|first=Shivani|date=1 February 2022|editor-last=Chaturvedi|editor-first=Amit|title=Union Budget 2022: In push for Atmanirbhar defence, procurement budget raised to 68%|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/budget/union-budget-2022-in-push-for-atmanirbhar-defence-procurement-budget-raised-to-68-101643698848986.html|access-date=8 February 2022|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> Targets for self-reliance in [[Fertilizer|fertiliser]] production by 2023 have been announced.<ref>{{Cite web|date=13 September 2020|agency=Press Trust of India|title=India to be self-reliant in fertilisers production by 2023: Sadananda Gowda|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/economy/india-to-be-self-reliant-in-fertilisers-production-by-2023-sadananda-gowda/2082267/|access-date=15 September 2020|website=The Financial Express}}</ref> Government-backed events to provide for the implementation and promotion of self-reliance and associated slogans such as "vocal for local", have materialised in the form of the country's first national toy fair, which was digitally launched in February 2021,<ref>{{Cite web|date=11 February 2021|title='The India Toy Fair, 2021' to be held virtually from 27th February 2021 to 2nd March 2021|url=http://pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1697173|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513233116/https://pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1697173|archive-date=13 May 2021|access-date=18 February 2021|publisher=Press Information Bureau, Government of India}}</ref> and the associated brainstorming event [[Toycathon]].<ref>{{Cite web|author=Ministry of Textiles|date=11 February 2021|title=First Ever India Toy Fair to be held from 27 February to 02 March, 2021; website launched today|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1697163|access-date=26 March 2022|publisher=Press Information Bureau, Government of India}}</ref> In July 2020, the government launched the Atmanirbhar Bharat App Innovation Challenge to encourage the building of apps.<ref>{{Cite news|date=7 August 2020|title=MyGov Announces Winners of 'AatmaNirbhar Bharat App Innovation Challenge'; Encourages the Spirit of Self-Reliance & Innovation|publisher=Ministry of Electronics and IT, Press Information Bureau, Government of India|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1644229|access-date=19 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119143816/https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1644229|archive-date=19 November 2021}}</ref> 6,940 entries were received, of which 24 apps were chosen as winners, including mapping apps, fact-checking apps, and a cricket video game. The challenge's success led to its continuation through another round of entry submission.<ref>{{cite web|title=Amrit Mahotsav App Innovation Challenge 2021|url=https://innovateindia.mygov.in/app-innovation-challenge/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119152222/https://innovateindia.mygov.in/app-innovation-challenge/|archive-date=19 November 2021|access-date=19 November 2021|website=innovateindia.mygov.in}}</ref> Government schemes also support the implementation of self-reliant initiatives.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mandaviya|first=Mansukh|date=25 October 2021|title=Making India self-reliant in health care|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/opinion/making-india-self-reliant-in-health-care-101635170292699.html|url-access=subscription|access-date=24 April 2022|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref>

=== Slogans ===
Slogans initiated under Atmanirbhar Bharat include "Vocal for Local", "Local for Global", "Make for the World" and "Brain Drain to Brain Gain".<ref>{{Cite web|date=16 August 2020|title=PM Modi pushes for self-reliant India with 'Make for World' call|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/pm-modi-pushes-for-self-reliant-india-with-make-for-world-call/articleshow/77568558.cms|url-status=live|access-date=12 September 2020|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200816024923/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/pm-modi-pushes-for-self-reliant-india-with-make-for-world-call/articleshow/77568558.cms|archive-date=16 August 2020}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite web|last1=James|first1=Nandana|last2=Gandhi|first2=Forum|date=2 July 2020|title=How Modi's 'vocal for local' campaign is going places|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/brandhub/vocalforlocal/how-modis-vocal-for-local-campaign-is-going-places/article31917030.ece|access-date=15 September 2020|website=The Hindu @businessline|language=en}}</ref>

==== Vocal for local ====

Products should be "Made in India" and promoted to make them competitive.<ref name=":6" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=22 October 2021|title='Vocal for local': PM Modi urges people to buy 'Made in India' products on Diwali|url=https://www.wionews.com/india-news/vocal-for-local-pm-modi-urges-people-to-buy-made-in-india-products-on-diwali-422855|url-status=live|access-date=13 November 2021|publisher=[[WION]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022061207/https://www.wionews.com/india-news/vocal-for-local-pm-modi-urges-people-to-buy-made-in-india-products-on-diwali-422855|archive-date=22 October 2021}}</ref> During the [[Independence Day (India)|Independence Day]] speech in 2020, Prime Minister Modi said: "The mindset of free India should be 'Vocal for local" We should appreciate our local products if we don't do this, then our products will not get the opportunity to do better and will not get encouraged."<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|date=15 August 2020|author=ANI|title='Vocal for local should become mantra for every Indian': PM Modi|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/vocal-for-local-should-become-mantra-for-every-indian-pm-modi/articleshow/77557766.cms|access-date=15 September 2020|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=15 August 2020|editor-last=Chaturvedi|editor-first=Amit|title='Mindset for free India should be vocal for local': PM Modi pushes for self-reliance in Independence Day speech|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/mindset-for-free-india-should-be-vocal-for-local-pm-modi-pushes-for-self-reliance-in-independence-day-speech/story-SOOqEaqmKTxEsoAYse2nwO.html|access-date=15 September 2020|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> [[Amul]] managing director RS Sodhi said the phrase vocal for local, "meant that products be made competitive ''vis-à-vis'' global brands" and that "it didn't mean that one must only buy products that have a logo ,'Made in India' on it".<ref name=":6" /> An extension of this slogan is 'local for global', meaning locally made Indian products should have global appeal and reach.<ref name=":6" /> The slogan has been extended to sectors such as toy manufacturing: "Time to be vocal for local toys".<ref>{{Cite web|date=31 August 2020|title=PM Modi: Time to be vocal for local toys, India can be major hub|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/pm-modi-time-to-be-vocal-for-local-toys-india-can-be-major-hub-6576711/|access-date=13 February 2021|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=24 June 2021|title=Toycathon Grand Finale: PM Modi urges people to be 'vocal for local toys'|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/pm-modi-vocal-for-local-toycathon-grand-finale-7373697/|access-date=26 March 2022|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>

==== Make for the world ====

[[Prime Minister Modi]], during the 2020 Independence Day speech, said 'Make for the World' should go together with 'Make in India' and that the slogan 'Make for the World' should be a key slogan like 'Make in India' is.<ref name=":7" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Jayaswal|first=Rajeev|date=15 August 2020|title=New focus of 'Atmanirbhar Bharat' is 'make for world': PM Modi in Independence Day speech|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/business-news/new-focus-of-atmanirbhar-bharat-is-make-for-world-pm-modi-in-independence-day-speech/story-0hbU6CUDDi2RqklUNVZ03O.html|access-date=15 September 2020|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> A variation of the slogan is "Make in India for the world".<ref>{{Cite news|last=Mukul|first=Jyoti|date=11 September 2020|title=L&T deal will push Make in India for the world: Schneider India chief|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/l-t-deal-will-help-us-make-in-india-for-the-world-schneider-india-chief-120091101127_1.html|access-date=15 September 2020}}</ref> [[Arvind Panagariya]], the first vice-chairperson of [[NITI Aayog]], said in an interview with [[Govindraj Ethiraj]] that implementation of the slogan is a matter of optics and policy change.<ref>{{Cite web|author=[[Govindraj Ethiraj]], IndiaSpend|date=28 August 2020|title=Arvind Panagariya interview: India can't become an export powerhouse unless it's open to imports|url=https://scroll.in/article/971526/arvind-panagariya-interview-india-cant-become-an-export-powerhouse-unless-its-open-to-imports|access-date=8 February 2022|website=Scroll.in|language=en-US}}</ref>

Under the Make for the World vision, India in 2025 became the top [[smartphone]] exporter to the U.S. for the first time, fueled by Apple's shift in manufacturing amid global trade realignments, overtaking China with a 240% year-on-year surge in shipments.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cooban |first=Anna |date=2025-07-29 |title=India overtakes China as biggest smartphone exporter to the United States, report says {{!}} CNN Business |url=https://www.cnn.com/2025/07/29/business/india-china-us-smartphone-supplier-intl |access-date=2025-07-31 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref>

== Domestic Commentary ==
In June 2020, India's Finance Minister [[Nirmala Sitharaman]] said, "At least don't [[Chinese made Ganesha idols|buy]] Ganesha idols from China" after commenting on India's over-reliance on 'non-essential' Chinese imports.<ref>{{cite news|title='At least don't buy Ganesha idols from China': FM Sitharaman irked over non-essential imports|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/economy/at-least-dont-buy-ganesha-idols-from-china-fm-sitharaman-irked-over-non-essential-imports/2004026/|access-date=26 June 2020|work=The Financial Express|date=25 June 2020}}</ref>

Atmanirbhar Bharat has been called a re-packaged version or revival of the [[Make in India]] movement, using new slogans such as "Vocal for Local".<ref>{{cite news|date=13 May 2020|title='Repackaged version of Make in India': Shashi Tharoor on PM Modi's Self-reliant India Mission|work=Hindustan Times|agency=ANI|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/repackaged-version-of-make-in-india-shashi-tharoor-on-pm-modi-s-self-reliant-india-mission/story-bXuKzr5rG9XRcEnbaQpNRJ.html|access-date=14 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Bijoor|first=Harish|date=26 May 2020|title=Self-reliant India: The bounce of vocal for local|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/opinions/2020/may/26/self-reliant-india-the-bounce-of-vocal-for-local-2147966.html|url-status=live|access-date=2 June 2020|website=The New Indian Express|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613095333/https://www.newindianexpress.com/opinions/2020/may/26/self-reliant-india-the-bounce-of-vocal-for-local-2147966.html|archive-date=13 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Joseph|first=M.P.|date=19 May 2020|title=OPINION: How Modi's Atmanirbhar Bharat reminds us of Ambassador car|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2020/05/19/opinion-how-modi-atmanirbhar-bharat-reminds-us-of-ambassador-car.html|url-status=live|access-date=22 October 2021|website=The Week|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519182726/https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2020/05/19/opinion-how-modi-atmanirbhar-bharat-reminds-us-of-ambassador-car.html|archive-date=19 May 2020}}</ref> Opposition members have spoken about India enacting policies and building companies since its independence to make the nation Self-reliant-[[Steel Authority of India]] (SAIL) for steel production, IIT for domestic engineers, [[All India Institutes of Medical Sciences]] (AIIMS) for medical science, [[Defence Research and Development Organisation]] for defence research, [[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited]] (HAL) for aviation, [[Indian Space Research Organisation]] (ISRO) for space research, [[Central Coalfields]] (CCL), [[NTPC Limited|NTPC]] and [[GAIL]] in the area of energy; criticising the advertising tactics.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web|last=Kumar|first=Abhay|date=31 May 2020|title=Shatrughan Sinha takes jibe at PM over 'Atma-nirbhar Bharat'|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/national-politics/shatrughan-sinha-takes-jibe-at-pm-over-atma-nirbhar-bharat-843979.html|access-date=2 June 2020|website=Deccan Herald|language=en}}</ref> Some have rephrased it as the "Fend For Yourself" campaign;<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sahay|first=Anand K.|date=29 May 2020|title='Atma Nirbhar Bharat': A mantra to mask failure?|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/opinion/columnists/290520/anand-k-sahay-atma-nirbhar-bharat-a-mantra-to-mask-failure.html|url-status=live|access-date=2 June 2020|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608004632/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/opinion/columnists/290520/anand-k-sahay-atma-nirbhar-bharat-a-mantra-to-mask-failure.html|archive-date=8 June 2020}}</ref> it has also been called "economic nationalism".<ref>{{Cite news|last=Vij|first=Shivam|date=27 January 2021|title=The political success of 'Atmanirbhar Bharat'|work=ThePrint|url=https://theprint.in/opinion/the-political-success-of-atmanirbhar-bharat/592356/|access-date=4 September 2021}}</ref> It has been noted that the phrase has been used so extensively that it has become "India's overarching national policy for growth and development".<ref name=":9" /> Unfinished reforms in the Atmanirbhar Bharat agenda span from government reform to urban reform to civil service reform.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sabharwal|first=Manish|date=18 May 2020|title=Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyaan lays strong foundations for raising our per capita GDP|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/aatmanirbhar-gdp-lockdown-coronavirus-economy-liquidity-migrant-labourers-disparity-narendra-modi-6414740/|url-status=live|access-date=13 October 2020|website=The Indian Express|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522164244/https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/aatmanirbhar-gdp-lockdown-coronavirus-economy-liquidity-migrant-labourers-disparity-narendra-modi-6414740/|archive-date=22 May 2020}}</ref>

[[Arvind Panagariya]] has criticised policies of self-sufficiency and protectionism as opposed to free trade in the context of India's past.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Panagariya|first=Arvind|author-link=Arvind Panagariya|date=17 November 2021|title=Why we must trade freely|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/why-we-must-trade-freely/articleshow/87764256.cms|url-access=subscription|access-date=8 February 2022|website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Panagariya|first=Arvind|author-link=Arvind Panagariya|date=3 March 2021|title=Self-sufficiency held India back: Some useful economic history lessons on how we manage to handicap ourselves|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/toi-edit-page/self-sufficiency-held-india-back-some-useful-economic-history-lessons-on-how-we-manage-to-handicap-ourselves/|access-date=8 February 2022|website=Times of India Blog}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=3 March 2021|title=Our love of self-reliance and the perils of autarky|url=https://www.livemint.com/opinion/online-views/our-love-of-self-reliance-and-the-perils-of-autarky-11614786433278.html|access-date=8 February 2022|website=Livemint}}</ref>

== International Reactions ==

By mid-2021, many global policy experts and those in the [[Indian diaspora]] acknowledged that Atmanirbhar Bharat is a promising initiative while also expressing concerns.<ref name=":29">{{Cite web|date=March 2021|title=Atmanirbhar Bharat. Marching to a $5 trillion Economy|url=https://www.gatewayhouse.in/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/AB-Compendium-Final.pdf|publisher=Amway. Gateway House: Indian Council on Global Relations.}}</ref> In June 2021, [[Vinai Thummalapally]], former [[List of ambassadors of the United States to Belize|US ambassador to Belize]], said India's global exports of manufacturing products remain low and that through this program, competitive, valuable products would lead to export-led growth.<ref name=":29" /> [[Nisha Desai Biswal]], an American businesswoman, has said the lack of clarity on the definition of Atmanirbhar Bharat has resulted in a "pause" and that the program could be counterproductive.<ref name=":29" /> Freddy Svane, Denmark's ambassador to India, and [[Himanshu Gulati]], a Member of Parliament in Norway, have both stated that Denmark and Norway can help India in its self-reliant mission in the area of energy-efficient technologies.<ref name=":29" />

In June 2021, the [[UK India Business Council]] conducted a survey that found a majority of companies thought of Atmanirbhar Bharat as an opportunity to increase business in India.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Finnigan|first=Kealan|date=29 June 2021|title=UKIBC launch report in support of UK-India ETP and Atmanirbhar Bharat|url=https://www.ukibc.com/ukibc-launch-report-in-support-of-uk-india-etp-and-atmanirbhar-bharat/|access-date=25 April 2022|website=UK India Business Council|language=en-GB}}</ref> In January 2021, [[Kenneth Juster]], the [[List of ambassadors of the United States to India|US ambassador to India]], said Atmanirbhar Bharat and the desire to play a larger economic role in the world may not be compatible.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Roche|first=Elizabeth|date=5 January 2021|title=Atmanirbhar Bharat may limit trade ties: US envoy|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/indias-trade-policies-a-barrier-for-new-investments-says-outgoing-us-envoy-11609862974726.html|access-date=25 April 2022|website=Livemint}}</ref> In April 2022, the [[United States Trade Representative]] wrote in a report on foreign trade barriers in India: "U.S. exporters continue to encounter significant tariff and non-tariff barriers that impede imports of U.S. goods and services into India. While the Government of India has pursued ongoing economic reform efforts, it also continues to promote programs such as 'Make in India' (2014) and 'Self-Reliant India' (Atmanirbhar Bharat – May 2020) that seek to increase India's self-sufficiency by promoting domestic industry and reducing reliance on foreign suppliers and imported goods.<ref>{{Cite web|date=1 April 2022|title=Make in India, Atmanirbhar Bharat seek to increase India's self-sufficiency: US report|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2022/apr/01/make-in-india-atmanirbhar-bharat-seek-to-increase-indias-self-sufficiency-us-report-2436726.html|access-date=25 April 2022|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=2022 National Trade Estimate Report on Foreign Trade Barriers|url=https://ustr.gov/sites/default/files/2022%20National%20Trade%20Estimate%20Report%20on%20Foreign%20Trade%20Barriers.pdf|publisher=Office of the United States Trade Representative|page=245}}</ref>

In July 2020, the Chief Executive of [[Lockheed Martin|Lockheed Martin India]] stated that the company is "fully committed to supporting Prime Minister Narendra Modi's vision of self-reliance".<ref>{{Cite web|last=Siddiqui|first=Huma|date=28 July 2020|title=Lockheed Martin committed to strengthening India's strategic security, industrial capabilities: William L Blair, VP, Chief Executive, LM India|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/defence/lockheed-martin-committed-to-strengthening-indias-strategic-security-industrial-capabilities-william-l-blair-vp-chief-executive-lm-india/2037107/|access-date=25 April 2022|website=The Financial Express|language=en}}</ref>

== Impact on Domestic Industries ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!sector
!Indicator
!Earlier data
!Latest Data
!Source
|-
|Defence
|Defence production
|₹46,429 crore (2014-15)
|₹1.54 lakh crore(2024-24)
|[https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2191937&reg=3&lang=2 PIB]
|-
|Defence
|Defence exports
|₹686 crore(2013-14)
|₹21,083 crore
|[https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=2114546&reg=3&lang=2#:~:text=Unprecedented%20Growth%20in%20Defence%20Exports,in%20the%20global%20defence%20sector. PIB]
|-
|Electronics 
|Electronics production value
|$31 billion (2014–15)
|$133 billion (2024–25)
|[https://www.thehansindia.com/business/indias-electronics-production-reaches-133-billion-in-a-decade-exports-surge-997812# HANS INDIA]
|-
|Electronics 
|Mobile phone manufacturing unit
|2 units (2014)
|300+(2025)
|[https://www.pib.gov.in/PressNoteDetails.aspx?NoteId=154037&ModuleId=3&reg=3&lang=1 PIB]
|-
|Electronics
|Electronics Exports
|₹38,000 crore (2014–15)
|₹3.27 lakh crore (2024–25)
|[https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2177755&reg=3&lang=2 PIB]
|-
|Solar energy
|Solar module manufacturing capacity
|~3 GW (2018)
|60+ GW capacity pipeline
|[https://www.pv-magazine-india.com/2024/12/06/india-hits-solar-module-manufacturing-capacity-of-63-gw/ Ministry of New and Renewable Energy]
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|}

== See also ==
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Swadeshi movement]]
* [[Make in India]]
* [[Autarky]]
* [[Human capital flight]]
* [[Import substitution industrialisation]]
* [[Strategic autonomy]]
* [[India and the Non-Aligned Movement|Non-alignment and India]]
{{Div col end}}

== References and notes ==
;Notes
{{notelist}}

;Citations
{{Reflist}}

;Bibliography
{{refbegin|35em}}
* {{Cite book|last=Nehru|first=Jawaharlal|url=https://archive.org/details/TheDiscoveryOfIndia-Eng-JawaharlalNehru|title=The Discovery of India|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1994|location=New Delhi|author-link=Jawaharlal Nehru|orig-date=1946 by The Signet Press, Calcutta|via=Internet Archive}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Jalan|first=Bimal|author-link=Bimal Jalan|year=1972|title=A Policy Frame for Self-Reliance|journal=Economic and Political Weekly|volume=7|issue=15|pages=757–762|jstor=4361226|issn=0012-9976}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Tendulkar|first=Suresh D.|author-link=Suresh Tendulkar|year=1974|title=Planning for Growth, Redistribution and Self-Reliance in the Fifth Five-Year Plan-I|journal=Economic and Political Weekly|volume=9|issue=1/2|pages=27–40|jstor=4363346|issn=0012-9976}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Baru|first=Sanjaya|author-link=Sanjaya Baru|year=1983|title=Self-Reliance to Dependence in Indian Economic Development|journal=Social Scientist|volume=11|issue=11|pages=34–46|doi=10.2307/3517074|jstor=3517074|issn=0970-0293}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Chakrabarty|first=Bidyut|year=1992|title=Jawaharlal Nehru and Planning, 1938-41: India at the Crossroads|journal=Modern Asian Studies|volume=26|issue=2|pages=275–287|doi=10.1017/S0026749X00009781|jstor=312676|s2cid=143462773|issn=0026-749X}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Biswas|first=A. K.|year=1995|title=Paradox of Anti-Partition Agitation and Swadeshi Movement in Bengal (1905)|journal=Social Scientist|volume=23|issue=4/6|pages=38–57|doi=10.2307/3520214|jstor=3520214|issn=0970-0293}}
* {{Cite book|last=Behera|first=Laxman Kumar|url=https://idsa.in/system/files/monograph21.pdf|title=Indian Defence Industry: Issues of Self-Reliance|publisher=Manohar Parrikar Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses|date=July 2013|isbn=978-93-82169-21-5|series=IDSA Monograph Series No. 21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323024139/https://idsa.in/system/files/monograph21.pdf|archive-date=23 March 2021}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Singh|first=Bikramdeep|date=Winter 2013|title=Defence Indigenisation: Made in India, by India, for India|url=https://indianarmy.nic.in/WriteReadData/Documents/DEfence%20Indigenisation.pdf|journal=CLAWS Journal|pages=248–258}}
* {{Cite journal|last1=Alam|first1=Asraful|last2=Khan|first2=Amir|last3=Ghosal|first3=Nilanjana|last4=Satpati|first4=Lakshminarayan|date=18 July 2021|title=A review of resource management and self-reliance for sustainable development of India under COVID-19 scenario|journal=Journal of Public Affairs|volume=21|issue=4|language=en|article-number=e2725|doi=10.1002/pa.2725|issn=1479-1854|pmc=8420201|pmid=34512186}}
* {{Citation|last1=Joshi|first1=Shareen|title="Atman Nirbhar Bharat" - Economic Crises and Self-Reliance in the COVID-19 Pandemic|date=February 2021|url=https://www.ia-forum.org/Files/Atman%20Nirbhar%20Bharat_%20-%20Economic%20Crises%20and%20Self-Reliance%20in%20the%20COVID-19%20Pandemic.pdf|work=International Affairs Forum|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308183606/https://www.ia-forum.org/Files/Atman%20Nirbhar%20Bharat_%20-%20Economic%20Crises%20and%20Self-Reliance%20in%20the%20COVID-19%20Pandemic.pdf|publisher=[[Center for International Relations]]|archive-date=8 March 2021|last2=Muchhal|first2=Siddharth|last3=Brennan|first3=Connor|last4=Pradhan|first4=Ria|last5=Yang|first5=Joyce}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Sarukkai|first=Sundar|date=September 2021|title=Self-reliant India: self of a nation or a national self?|journal=Journal of Social and Economic Development|language=en|publication-date=2 November 2020|volume=23|issue=S2|pages=357–365|doi=10.1007/s40847-020-00115-z|pmid=34720471|issn=0972-5792|pmc=7605322}}
* {{Citation|last1=Sen|first1=Ronojoy|title=India's Self-Reliance Initiative: Old Idea or New Direction?|date=October 2021|url=https://www.isas.nus.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Final-Special-Report-17.pdf|place=Singapore|publisher=Institute of South Asian Studies|ref={{sfnref|Sen and Murali, India's Self-Reliance Initiative|2021}}|last2=Murali|first2=Vani Swarupa}}
{{refend}}

== Further reading ==
{{refbegin|35em}}
* {{Citation |last=Agarwal |first=Shriman Narayan |title=The Gandhian Plan of Economic Development for India |year=1944 |place=Bombay |publisher=Padma Publications |author-link=Shriman Narayan}}
* {{Citation |last1=Banerjee |first1=B N |title=Peoples Plan for Economic Development of India |year=1944 |place=Bombay |publisher=Indian Federation of Labour, Delhi |last2=Parikh |first2=G D |last3=Tarkunde |first3=V M}}
* {{Citation |title=65th Members Annual Conference 2021 on 'Aatmanirbhar Bharat its various aspects' |date=30 October 2021 |url=https://www.iipa.org.in/cms/public/uploads/174901633932963.pdf |publisher=[[Indian Institute of Public Administration]] |access-date=28 March 2022 |archive-date=28 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328112210/https://www.iipa.org.in/cms/public/uploads/174901633932963.pdf}}

===Speeches===
* {{Cite book |title=The Penguin Book of Modern Indian Speeches. 1877 to the Present |publisher=Penguin Books |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-14-310263-2 |editor-last=Batabyal |editor-first=Rakesh |location=New Delhi |pages=603–611 |chapter=Economy and Development. Somnath Chatterjee. Surrendering Self-reliance |quote=...speech delivered on 4 March 1992...}}
* {{Cite speech |title=Capital Flows and Self Reliance Redefined |last=Reddy |first=Y. V. |location=Chennai |date=13 July 2000 |author-link=Y. V. Reddy |url=https://rbi.org.in/scripts/BS_SpeechesView.aspx?Id=57 |event=Twenty Seventh Frank Moraes Lecture}}
* {{Cite web |last=Gandhi |first=Rajiv |author-link=Rajiv Gandhi |date=28 December 1985 |title=Inaugural Speech by Congress President Rajiv Gandhi and The Centenary Resolve |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/full-text-of-rajiv-gandhis-famous-1985-speech-152145-2013-01-21 |website=India Today}}
* {{Cite speech |title=Evolution of Vision |author-link=A. P. J. Abdul Kalam |last=Kalam |first=A. P. J. Abdul |event=Address at the DRDO Directors Conference, DRDO Bhavan, New Delhi |date=21 February 2007 |url=http://abdulkalam.nic.in/sp210207-1.html}}
* {{Cite web |date=4 December 2021 |title=PM Narendra Modi at IIT Global Summit: 'Pan IIT movement can help realise dream of Aatmanirbhar Bharat' |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/news/story/pm-narendra-modi-at-iit-global-summit-pan-iit-movement-can-help-realise-dream-of-aatmanirbhar-india-1746797-2020-12-04 |website=India Today |language=en}}
* {{Cite web |last=Verma |first=Lalmani |date=29 December 2021 |title=Be impatient for self-reliant India, PM Modi tells students at IIT Kanpur's 54th convocation |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/lucknow/pm-narendra-modi-addresses-students-iit-kanpur-convocation-7694941/ |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}

===Books===
* {{Cite book |title=Science and agriculture: M S Swaminathan and the movement for self-reliance. |publisher=Published on behalf of 21 Agricultural Societies of India |year=1980 |vauthors=Ramanujam S, Siddiq EA, Chopra VL, Sinha SK}}
* {{Cite book |last=Mohanty |first=Prasanna |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GnBKEAAAQBAJ |title=An Unkept Promise: What Derailed the Indian Economy |date=2021 |publisher=SAGE Publishing India |isbn=978-93-5479-189-5 |language=en |chapter=6: AatmaNirbhar Bharat: Turning the Clock Back}}

===Journals===
* {{Cite journal |last=Sharma |first=Krishna Nath |year=1967 |title=Self-Reliance and Aid: No Positive Relation |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |volume=2 |issue=50 |pages=2209–2211 |jstor=24478316}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Gosalia |first=Sushila |year=1979 |title=The Gandhian model of self-reliance in the Indian economy |url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/BF02930202 |journal=Intereconomics |language=en |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=80–83 |doi=10.1007/BF02930202 |hdl=10419/139599 |s2cid=56358907 |issn=0020-5346 |hdl-access=free |url-access=subscription}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Kelkar |first=Vijay Laxman |date=February 1980 |title=India and World Economy: Search for Self-Reliance |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |volume=15 |issue=5/7 |pages=245, 247, 249, 251, 253, 255, 257–258 |jstor=4368372}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Mehrotra |first=N. N. |date=22 August 1987 |title=Indian Patents Act, Paris Convention and Self-Reliance |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |volume=22 |issue=34 |pages=1461–1465 |jstor=4377407}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Valluri |first=S. R. |date=3 April 1993 |title=CSIR and Technological Self-Reliance |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |volume=28 |issue=14 |pages=565–568 |jstor=4399551}}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Dedrick |first1=Jason |last2=Kraemer |first2=Kenneth L. |date=May 1993 |title=Information Technology in India: The Quest for Self-Reliance |url=https://escholarship.org/content/qt5b5204tr/qt5b5204tr_noSplash_6de54bd467d8b946f48aad335acac3a8.pdf |journal=Asian Survey |volume=XXXIII |issue=5 |pages=463–492 |doi=10.2307/2645313 |jstor=2645313 |s2cid=153517732}}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Srinivas |first1=M N |last2=Shah |first2=A M |date=10 September 1960 |title=The Myth of Self-Sufficiency of the Indian Village |url=https://www.epw.in/system/files/pdf/1960_12/37/the_myth_of_selfsufficiency_of_the_indian_village.pdf |journal=The Economic Weekly |pages=1375–1378}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Aggarwal |first=Aradhna |date=22 January 2022 |title=Export Performance and India's Tryst with Self-reliance in the Globalised World |url=https://www.epw.in/journal/2022/4/special-articles/export-performance-and-indias-tryst-self-reliance.html |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |language=en |volume=57 |issue=4 |pages=7–8 |url-access=subscription}}

===News===
* {{Cite news |last=Sharma |first=Shantanu Nandan |date=28 February 2021 |title=Modi govt has been quietly following the idea of Aatmanirbharta for the past seven years |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/policy/modi-govt-has-been-quietly-following-the-idea-of-aatmanirbharta-for-the-past-seven-years/articleshow/81248310.cms?from=mdr}}
* {{Cite news |last=Weinraub |first=Bernard |author-link=Bernard Weinraub |date=29 June 1991 |title=Economic Crisis Forcing Once Self-Reliant India to Seek Aid |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/06/29/world/economic-crisis-forcing-once-self-reliant-india-to-seek-aid.html |issn=0362-4331}}
* {{Cite web |last=Panag |first=Lt Gen (Retd) H. S. |author-link=H. S. Panag |date=3 June 2021 |title='Positive indigenisation list' got lengthier but India's defence industry far from ready |url=https://theprint.in/opinion/positive-indigenisation-list-got-lengthier-but-indias-defence-industry-far-from-ready/670630/ |website=ThePrint}}
* PTI (2 June 2020). [https://www.bloombergquint.com/business/pm-modi-calls-on-india-inc-to-build-an-atmanirbhar-bharat PM Modi Calls On India Inc. To Build An 'Atmanirbhar Bharat']. ''Bloomberg Quint.''
* Jagran (2 June 2020). [https://www.thedailyjagran.com/india/pm-modi-stresses-on-5-is-needed-for-aatma-nirbhar-bharat-says-we-will-definitely-get-our-growth-back-10012512 PM Modi presents 5-I formula for 'Aatma Nirbhar Bharat', says 'we will definitely get our growth back']. ''Jagran English.''
* [[Ajoy Kumar]] (31 May 2020). [https://www.outlookindia.com/blog/story/india-news-atmanirbhar-bharat-and-a-clueless-government/4182 Atmanirbhar Bharat and A Clueless Government]. ''Outlook India.''
* {{Cite web |date=9 September 2020 |author=NITI Aayog |title=Atal Innovation Mission Launches Aatmanirbhar Bharat ARISE-ANIC Initiative |url=http://www.pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1652751 |website=www.pib.gov.in}}

===Think-tanks===
* {{Citation |last=Behera |first=Laxman Kumar |title=Atma Nirbhar in Defence Technology |date=10 August 2020 |url=https://idsa.in/idsacomments/atma-nirbhar-in-defence-technology-lkbehera-100820 |publisher=Manohar Parrikar Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses}}
* {{Citation |last=Mohanty |first=Aayush |title=Reforms for Atmanirbhar Bharat |date=February 2021 |url=https://www.vifindia.org/sites/default/files/Reforms-for-Atmanirbhar-Bharat.pdf |publisher=Vivekananda International Foundation}}
* {{Citation |last=Bhattacharji |first=Chetan |title=Atmanirbhar Bharat: Missing a Focus on Air Pollution and Climate Change |date=July 2020 |url=https://www.orfonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/ORF-Issue-rief-375-Revival-Package.pdf |publisher=ORF}}
* {{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Angad |date=3 June 2021 |title=The proof of the pudding is not in the import negative list |url=https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/the-proof-of-the-pudding-is-not-in-the-import-negative-list/ |website=ORF}}
{{refend}}

== External links ==
{{Sister project links|wikt=आत्मनिर्भरता|commonscat=yes|n=no|s=no|author=no|b=no|v=no|d=yes}}
* Ministry of Finance (13 May 2020 to 17 May 2020). [https://covid19.india.gov.in/document-category/ministry-of-finance/ Aatmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyaan Part 1 to Part 5] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20200612115945/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s3850af92f8d9903e7a4e0559a98ecc857/uploads/2020/05/2020051717.pdf Part-1: Businesses including MSMEs], [https://web.archive.org/web/20200612120655/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s3850af92f8d9903e7a4e0559a98ecc857/uploads/2020/05/2020051751.pdf Part-2: Poor, including migrants and farmers], [https://web.archive.org/web/20200612121248/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s3850af92f8d9903e7a4e0559a98ecc857/uploads/2020/05/2020051736.pdf Part-3: Agriculture], [https://web.archive.org/web/20200613054629/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s3850af92f8d9903e7a4e0559a98ecc857/uploads/2020/05/2020051784.pdf Part-4: New Horizons of Growth], [https://web.archive.org/web/20200613054925/https://cdnbbsr.s3waas.gov.in/s3850af92f8d9903e7a4e0559a98ecc857/uploads/2020/05/2020051740.pdf Part-5: Government Reforms and Enablers])
* [https://aatmanirbharbharat.mygov.in/ AatmaNirbhar Bharat Abhiyan]. [[MyGov.in]]
* [https://events.eletsonline.com/abs/ AatmaNirbhar Bharat Summit]

{{Economy of India}}

[[Category:2020 in India]]
[[Category:Modi administration initiatives]]
[[Category:Self-sustainability]]