Lagaan

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About: the Indian live action film

For other uses, see Gurren Lagann.


Template:EngvarB

Lagaan
File:Lagaan.jpg


English-language release poster

Directed by Ashutosh Gowariker


Produced by Aamir Khan
Starring Template:Plainlist
Cinematography Anil Mehta
Edited by Ballu Saluja
Music by A. R. Rahman





Country India
Language Hindi
Budget Template:INR25 crore[1]


Lagaan (Template:Trans), released internationally as Lagaan: Once Upon a Time in India, is a 2001 Indian Hindi-language epic musical sports film written and directed by Ashutosh Gowariker, and produced by and starring Aamir Khan, along with debutant Gracy Singh and British actors Rachel Shelley and Paul Blackthorne in supporting roles. Made on a then-unprecedented budget of Template:INR[1] (Template:US$),[2] the movie was the maiden project from Aamir Khan Productions and was shot in villages near Bhuj.[3]

The film is set in 1893, during the late Victorian period of India's colonial British Raj. The story revolves around a small village in Central India, whose inhabitants, burdened by high taxes, and several years of drought, find themselves in an extraordinary situation as an arrogant British army officer challenges them to a game of cricket, as a wager to avoid paying the taxes they owe. The narrative spins around this situation as the villagers face the arduous task of learning a game that is alien to them and playing for a result that will change their village's destiny.

Lagaan released on 15 June 2001, clashing with Gadar: Ek Prem Katha starring Sunny Deol and Ameesha Patel. Lagaan received widespread critical acclaim and awards at international film festivals, as well as many Indian film awards. It became the third Indian film to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film after Mother India (1957) and Salaam Bombay! (1988).

Plot

In the year 1893, the villagers of Champaner await meeting their Raja outside the British cantonment grounds. They want to ask for an exemption from tax (lagaan) but the Raja is busy watching the British play a match of cricket. A young farmer named Bhuvan incites laughter by mocking the game. This is overheard by the company captain, Andrew Russell, who feels slighted. He challenges Bhuvan to a game of cricket in return for canceling their tax, a bet that Bhuvan accepts.

Despite protests from the village, Bhuvan gathers a few who support him, and together, they crouch outside the cantonment grounds trying to understand the game. Elizabeth, Captain Russell's visiting younger sister, approaches them, offering to help. She wants to teach them the game so that the match is played fairly. Bhuvan is delighted, and the group starts meeting Elizabeth at grounds outside the village to learn the game. Word spreads in the village and others are inspired to join Bhuvan's team.

When Captain Russell finds out, he is incensed at Elizabeth. She refuses to stop helping the villagers, hiding the fact that she is secretly falling in love with Bhuvan. Meanwhile, Captain Russell is told by his senior officers to prepare to pay the province's taxes out of his own pocket should he lose the match. Back in the village, Bhuvan is struggling to find an eleventh player. At a practice game, he fields a ball that is returned to him by Kachra, a cripple who lives outside the village. As the ball bounces, the spin carries it in another direction. Bhuvan immediately sees value and adds Kachra to the team. He resists pressure again from the villagers, who are concerned over playing with an untouchable (Kachra), and manages to convince them.

On the day of the match, the British bat first and score heftily, Captain Russell hitting a century. They are finally dismissed by Kachra's excellent spin bowling. When Bhuvan's team starts batting, they lose quick wickets and soon half the team is out. Facing defeat, Bhuvan bats steadily and is aided by others in closing the gap to their target. With five runs needed, he hits six runs off the last ball, in very dramatic fashion, and wins the match for the villagers. As the crowd erupts in celebration, Elizabeth seeks out Bhuvan but turns away when she sees him locked in an embrace with another woman.

Soon, the British cantonment is disbanded and Captain Russell is transferred to Africa. In the following weeks, the villagers watch the departing procession as one caravan stops in front of Bhuvan. Elizabeth steps out to say a final farewell to him. She returns forever to England, carrying an unrequited love for Bhuvan with her. Meanwhile, the farmers of the village revel in the newly invigorated monsoon. As rain pours down over Champaner, they look ahead to three prosperous years without any taxation.

Cast

  • Aamir Khan as Bhuvan Latha. Ashutosh first thought of having Shah Rukh Khan, Bobby Deol, Hrithik Roshan and Abhishek Bachchan for the role of Bhuvan. After Bachchan chose to enter cinema with J. P. Dutta's Refugee (2000), Aamir was approached with the idea.[4]
  • Gracy Singh as Gauri. Several actresses had offered to act in the film, but Aamir needed someone who matched the description of the character given in the script. After considering Rani Mukerji who did not have dates to accommodate the film, Sonali Bendre, Nandita Das, Shamita Shetty and Ameesha Patel were approached for the role,[5] Ashutosh selected Gracy Singh for the female lead because he was convinced that she was a good actress and dancer and resembled actress Vyjayanthimala. Singh, a newcomer, devoted all her time to the film.[6]
  • Rachel Shelley as Elizabeth Russell
  • Paul Blackthorne as Captain Andrew Russell. Since the script also demanded a British cast, Ashutosh and Aamir hired Danielle Roffe as one of the casting directors.[7] After Danielle and Ashutosh screen-tested many, Shelley and Blackthorne were chosen for the prime roles. Overall, the film cast 15 foreign actors.[8]
  • Suhasini Mulay as Yashoda Maa, Bhuvan's mother
  • Kulbhushan Kharbanda as Raja Puran Singh
  • Rajendra Gupta as Mukhiya Ji
  • Raghubir Yadav as Bhura (fielder), the poultry farmer. Yadav played the role of the legendary Haji Nasruddin in the teleplay Mullah Nasiruddin and has given many memorable performances such as Mungerilal Ke Haseen Sapne. Yadav was selected based on his performance in Earth (1998). He had undergone an appendectomy operation in-between the filming schedule and returned to complete some of his scenes.[9]
  • Rajesh Vivek as Guran (seamer), the fortune teller. Vivek was spotted by Ashutosh in the film Junoon (1978). His liking for cricket helped him in his role.[10]
  • Raj Zutshi as Ismail (batsman), the potter. Zutshi's friendship with Aamir and association in several films brought him the role after the auditions.[11]
  • Pradeep Rawat as Deva Singh Sodhi (all-rounder), a Sikh ex-sepoy. Rawat's association with Aamir in Sarfarosh (1999) brought him the role of Deva which was initially intended for Mukesh Rishi. Rawat claimed that it was the highest ever compensation he received in his career.[12]
  • Akhilendra Mishra as Arjan (batsman), the blacksmith. He is insulted by Captain Russell, as he fixes horse-shoe on the Captain's Horse and involuntarily hurts the animal. Captain who is enraged by the reprimand he received from his seniors for arranging a Cricket Match with the villagers for avoiding taxes, is furious to find his favourite animal hurt and he beats Arjan. After which Arjan joins the team of Bhuvan. Mishra has acted as "Ekku" Kroor Singh in the teleserial Chandrakanta and also in the film The Legend of Bhagat Singh (2002) as Chandra Shekhar Azad alongside Ajay Devgan who played the role of Bhagat Singh.
  • Daya Shankar Pandey as Goli (seamer), the man with the largest piece of land. Pandey, who preferred the role of Kachra, was known to Aamir and Ashutosh through previous films (Pehla Nasha (1993), Baazi (1995) and Ghulam (1998)). Pandey credited Ashutosh for his acting in the film, saying that Ashutosh and he would discuss the required emotions and expressions before shooting.[13]
  • Shrivallabh Vyas as Ishwar (wicket-keeper), the vaidya (doctor) in the village and Gauri's father.
  • Yashpal Sharma as Lakha (batsman), the woodcutter. Sharma was chosen by Ashutosh after his portrayal in Samar (1999). He said it was a good experience working with Aamir and Ashutosh during the film.[14]
  • Amin Hajee as Bagha (batsman), the mute drummer. Hajee earlier worked in a film with Ashutosh. The friendly association brought Ashutosh to him with the script, which he liked, and thereafter he successfully auditioned for his role. His knowledge of mute people and some assistance from a music band helped him better prepare for his role. Ashutosh, who believed that Amin was like Sylvester Stallone, would refer to him as Stallone during filming.[15]
  • Aditya Lakhia as Kachra (spinner), the untouchable. Lakhia's association with Ashutosh in Kabhi Haan Kabhi Naa (1993) and Pehla Nasha (1993) brought him this role. He read the book Everybody Loves a Good Drought by P. Sainath to better understand and portray his character.[16]
  • Javed Khan as Ram Singh, Indian who works with British and helps Elizabeth in translating villagers language.
  • A. K. Hangal as Shambu Kaka
  • Amin Gazi as Tipu
  • John Rowe as Colonel Boyer
  • David Gant as Major Warren
  • Thor Halland as Captain Roberts
  • Jeremy Child as Major Cotton

Production

Origins

Lagaan was inspired by Naya Daur (1957), a sports drama film directed by B. R. Chopra, written by Akhtar Mirza and Kamil Rashid, and starring Dilip Kumar, Vyjayanthimala and Ajit Khan.[17][18]

Director Ashutosh Gowariker has stated that it was almost impossible to make Lagaan. Gowariker went to Aamir, who agreed to participate after hearing the detailed script. Aamir had initially rejected the idea of a "sporty" film, but was "himself in tears" upon hearing the full dialogued script.[19] Even after securing Khan, Ashutosh had trouble finding a producer. Producers who showed interest in the script wanted budget cuts as well as script modifications. Eventually, Aamir agreed to Ashutosh's suggestion that he would produce the film.[20] Aamir corroborated this by saying that the faith he had in Ashutosh, the story and script of the film,[21] and the opportunity of starting his own production company inspired him to produce Lagaan.[22] He also said that by being a producer himself, he was able to give greater creative freedom to Ashutosh. He cited an example:

"If the director tells the producer that he wants 50 camels, the latter will probably say, 'Why not 25? Can't you manage with 25 camels?' Whereas, if he is telling me the same thing... I will not waste time asking him questions because I am also creatively aware why he needs them."[6]

Jhamu Sughand co-produced the film because he liked the emotional and patriotic story.[23][24]

Pre-production

One of the first members to join the production team was Nitin Chandrakant Desai, the art director, with whom Ashutosh set out for extensive location hunt throughout India, to find the setting for the fictional town of Champaner, in late 1998. After searching through Rajasthan, Nasik, UP, they zeroed in on an ancient village near Bhuj, located in Gujarat's Kutch district, by May 1999, where the film was primarily shot.[19]

The script demanded a dry location: an agricultural village where it had not rained in several years. To depict the 1890s era, the crew also required a village which lacked electricity, communication and automobiles.[21] Kutch faced the same problems at that time and hence the village of Kunariya, located a few miles away from Bhuj, was chosen. During the filming of Lagaan, it did not rain at all in the region. However, a week after the shoot finished, it rained heavily bringing relief to Bhuj, which had a lean monsoon the previous year.[5] The typical old Kutch hamlet was built by the local people four months before the arrival of the crew.[19] The 2001 Gujarat earthquake devastated this region and displaced many locals. The crew, including the English, contributed to their cause by donating Template:INRConvert, with further contributions during the year.[25]

Avadhi, which is a dialect of Hindi, is primarily from a region in Uttar Pradesh. It was chosen to give the feel of the language spoken during that era. However, the language was diluted, and modern viewers can understand it.[6] The dialogues, which were a combination of three dialects (Avadhi, Bhojpuri and Braj Bhasha) were penned by Hindi writer K. P. Saxena.[5]

Bhanu Athaiya, who won an Oscar for her work in Gandhi (1982), was the costume designer for the film. With a large number of extras, it was difficult for her to make enough costumes. She spent a lot of time researching to lend authenticity to the characters.[5]

Filming

The film took approximately a year to plan, which included ten months for production and one month for the development of Khan's character, which the first-time producer found tiring. Khan obtained a crew of about 300 people for six months. Due to the lack of comfortable hotels in Bhuj, he hired a newly-constructed apartment and furnished it completely for the crew. Security was set up and a special housekeeping team was brought to take care of the crew's needs.[22] Most of the 19th century tools and equipment depicted in the film were lent to the crew by the local villagers. Initially, they did not want to part with their equipment, but after much coaxing, they gave in. They then travelled to different parts of the country to collect the musical instruments used in that day and era.[22]

During the shooting, Ashutosh suffered from a slipped disc and had to rest for 30 days. During this period, he had his bed next to the monitor and continued with his work.[26]

The filming schedule spanned the winter and summer, commencing in early January and finishing in mid-June. This was physically challenging for many, with the temperatures ranging from Template:Convert.[11][15] The actors had to drink frequently and sit in the shade.[10][12] The schedule was strict. The day began at 6 am, changing into costumes and getting onto the actors' bus, which took them to the sets in Kanuria. The actors, including Aamir, all travelled on the same bus. If anyone missed it, it was up to them to reach the sets. One day, Aamir was late and missed the actors' bus. That day, his wife Reena, the executive producer, reprimanded him for being late. She told him he had to set an example for the rest of the crew. "If he started coming late, how could she tell the others to come on time?"[12] While on the sets, the actors were given call sheets with the day's timetable such as breakfast, hairstyling, make-up, costumes, etc.[27]

Release

Before its worldwide release, Aamir Khan kept a promise to screen the film to the locals of Bhuj.[28] Lagaan clashed with Anil Sharma's Gadar: Ek Prem Katha, starring Sunny Deol and Ameesha Patel, at the box-office.[29][30] The film made it to the UK Top 10 after its commercial release.[31] It was the first Indian film to have a nationwide release in China[32] and had its dubbed version released in Italy.[33] With favorable reviews from the French press, Lagaan premiered in Paris on 26 June 2002 and continued to have an unprecedented nine weeks of screening with over 45,000 people watching.[34] It was released in the United States, Canada, France, Germany, Japan, Malaysia, Hong Kong, South Africa and the Middle East with respective vernacular subtitles.[33][35] The film took a cumulative of $2.5 million at the international box-office and Template:INRConvert at the domestic box-office.[36][37][38]

In 2001, Lagaan had a world premiere at the International Indian Film Academy Awards (IIFA) weekend in Sun City, South Africa.[39] The Locarno International Film Festival authorities published the rules of cricket before the film was screened to a crowd which reportedly danced to its soundtrack in the aisles.[40] Lagaan was shown 4 times due to public demand as against the usual norm of showcasing films once at the festival.[33] It subsequently won the Prix du Public Award at the festival.[41] After the film's publicity in Locarno, the director, Ashutosh Gowariker said that distributors from Switzerland, Italy, France, Netherlands, North Africa, Finland and Germany were wanting to purchase the distribution rights.[33] Special screenings were held in Russia, where people were keen to watch the film after its Oscar nomination.[42]

Apart from these screenings, it was shown at the Sundance Film Festival,[43] Cairo International Film Festival,[44] Stockholm International Film Festival,[45] Helsinki Film Festival[46] and the Toronto International Film Festival.[47] The film is available on Netflix.[48]

Reception

Box office

The film initially grossed Template:INRConvert worldwide in 2001. This made it the third highest-grossing Indian film of 2001, behind Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham... and Gadar: Ek Prem Katha.[49]

Domestically, Lagaan grossed Template:INRConvert in India. Its domestic net income was Template:INR, equivalent to Template:INR (Template:US$) when adjusted for inflation.[50]

With an overseas gross of Template:INR108 million[38] (US$2.2 million) in 2001, it was the year's second highest-grossing Indian film overseas, preceded only by Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham....[51] LagaanTemplate:'s overseas gross included £600,000 in the United Kingdom, US$910,000 in the United States and Canada, and US$180,000 in the Arab states of the Persian Gulf.[50]

In China, where the film later released on 16 May 2003, it grossed ¥3Template:Nbspmillion,[52] equivalent to Template:INR17.1Template:Nbspmillion[53] (US$362,500).[54]

Including the film's China collections, the film's total worldwide gross was Template:INR (Template:US$).[55] At a ticket inflation rate of 5.5 times,[50] the film's total gross is equivalent to approximately Template:INR (Template:US$) when adjusted for inflation.

Critical reception

Lagaan was met with critical acclaim. The film holds a 95% approval rating on review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, based on 59 reviews, with an average rating of 7.9/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Lagaan is lavish, rousing entertainment in the old-fashioned tradition of Hollywood musicals."[56] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 84 out of 100 based on 21 critic reviews, indicating "universal acclaim".[57]

Sudish Kamath of The Hindu suggested that "the movie is not just a story. It is an experience. An experience of watching something that puts life into you, that puts a cheer on your face, however depressed you might be."[58] The Times of India wrote, "Lagaan has all the attractions of big-sounding A. R. Rahman songs, excellent performances by Aamir Khan... and a successful debut for pretty Gracy Singh. In addition, there is the celebrated David vs. Goliath cricket match, which has the audiences screaming and clapping."[59]

Roger Ebert, writing for the Chicago Sun-Times, gave the film 3.5 out of 4 stars and wrote, "Lagaan is an enormously entertaining movie, like nothing we've ever seen before, and yet completely familiar... At the same time, it's a memory of the films we all grew up on, with clearly-defined villains and heroes, a love-triangle, and even a comic character who saves the day. Lagaan is a well-crafted, hugely entertaining epic that has the spice of a foreign culture."[60] Derek Elley of Variety suggested that it "could be the trigger for Bollywood's long-awaited crossover to non-ethnic markets".[61] Somni Sengupta of The New York Times, described it as "a carnivalesque genre packed with romance, swordplay and improbable song-and-dance routines".[62] Dave Kehr, another New York Times film critic, called Lagaan "a movie that knows its business -- pleasing a broad, popular audience -- and goes about it with savvy professionalism and genuine flair."[63] Kevin Thomas of the Los Angeles Times argued that the film is "an affectionate homage to a popular genre that raises it to the level of an art film with fully drawn characters, a serious underlying theme, and a sophisticated style and point of view."[64]

Peter Bradshaw of The Guardian described the film as "a lavish epic, a gorgeous love story, and a rollicking adventure yarn. Larger than life and outrageously enjoyable, it's got a dash of Spaghetti Western, a hint of Kurosawa, with a bracing shot of Kipling."[65] Kuljinder Singh of the BBC stated that "Lagaan is anything but standard Bollywood fodder, and is the first must-see of the Indian summer. A movie that will have you laughing and crying, but leaving with a smile."[66]

Lagaan was listed as #14 on Channel 4's "50 Films To See Before You Die" and was the only Indian film to be listed.[67] The film was also well-received in China, where its themes resonated with Chinese audiences.[68] It was ranked #55 in Empire magazine's "The 100 Best Films Of World Cinema" in 2010.[69] In 2011, John Nugent of the Trenton Independent called the film "a masterpiece ... and what better way to learn a bit about India's colonial experience! History and great entertainment, all rolled into one (albeit long) classic film."[70]

Awards

Template:Main Aamir Khan and Gowariker went to Los Angeles to generate publicity for the Academy Awards. Khan said, "We just started showing it to whoever we could, even the hotel staff."[71] About India's official entry to the 2002 Oscars, The Daily Telegraph wrote, "A Bollywood film that portrays the British in India as ruthless sadists and Mafia-style crooks has been chosen as Delhi's official entry to the Academy Awards."[72] It added that the film was expected to win the nomination.[72]

On 12 February 2002, Lagaan was nominated for the best foreign language film at the Academy Award nominations ceremony.[73] After the nomination, Khan reacted by saying, "To see the name of the film and actually hear it being nominated was very satisfying".[74] Post-nomination reactions poured in from several parts of the world. USA Today wrote "Hooray for Bollywood, and India's Lagaan".[71] With Sony Pictures Classics distributing the film and Oscar-winning director Baz Luhrmann praising it, Lagaan had a chance to win.[71][75] The BBC commented that the nomination raised Bollywood hopes that Indian films would become more popular in the US.[76] In India, the nomination was celebrated with news reports about a win bringing in "a great boost for the Indian film industry"[77] and "a Bharat Ratna for Aamir Khan and the status of a 'national film' for Lagaan".[78]

When Lagaan lost the award to the Bosnian film No Man's Land,[79] there was disappointment in India. Khan said, "Certainly we were disappointed. But the thing that really kept us in our spirits was that the entire country was behind us."[80] Filmmaker Mahesh Bhatt criticised the "American film industry" as "insular and the foreign category awards were given just for the sake of it."[80] Gowariker added that "Americans must learn to like our films".[81]

The film won a number of awards at Indian award ceremonies including eight National Film Awards,[82] eight Filmfare Awards, eight Screen Awards[83] and 10 IIFA Awards.[84] Apart from these major awards, it also won awards at other national and international ceremonies.

Soundtrack

Template:Main

Home media

There were two releases for the DVD.

The first, as a 2-DVD set, was released on 27 May 2002 in limited regions. It contained subtitles in Arabic, English, Hebrew, Hindi, Turkish and several European languages. It is available in 16:9 Anamorphic widescreen, Dolby Digital 5.1 Surround, progressive 24 frame/s, widescreen and NTSC format. It carried an additional fifteen minutes of deleted scenes, filmographies and trailers.[85]

The second was released as anniversary edition 3-disc DVD box after 6 years of the theatrical release. This also included Chale Chalo which was a documentary on the making of Lagaan, a curtain-raiser on the making of the soundtrack, deleted scenes, trailers, along with other collectibles.Template:Which[86] After its release, it became the highest-selling DVD in India, beating Sholay (1975).[87]

Merchandise

In the anniversary DVD edition, a National Film Award-winning documentary, Chale Chalo – The Lunacy Of Film Making, 11 collector cards, a collectible Lagaan coin embossed with the character of Bhuvan, a 35 mm CinemaScope filmstrip hand-cut from the film's filmstrip were bundled with the film.[86]

A comic book, Lagaan: The Story, along with 2 colouring books, a mask book and a cricket board game were subsequently released to the commercial market. The comic book, available in English and Hindi, was targeted at children between the ages of 6 and 14. At the book's launch, Aamir Khan said that they were keen to turn the film into a comic strip during the pre-production phase itself.[88][89]

In March 2002, a book titled The Spirit of Lagaan – The Extraordinary Story Of The Creators Of A Classic was published. It covers the making of the film, describing in detail the setbacks and obstacles that the crew faced while developing the film from concept to its release.[90]

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Aamir Khan causes traffic jam(1 June 2001). Retrieved 20 January 2008.
  2. ↑ Historical Exchange Rates Tool & Forex History Data (47 INR per USD). OFX. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
  3. ↑ 15 Years of 'Lagaan': 20 Lesser Known Facts About the Film. CNN-News18(15 June 2016).
  4. ↑ I approached Shah Rukh and Abhishek for Lagaan, Khubchandani, Lata(27 August 2001). Retrieved 28 December 2007.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Lagaan: A ready reckoner, Verma, Sukanya(1 June 2001). Retrieved 28 December 2007.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Many top heroines had offered to work in this film(21 February 2000). Retrieved 28 December 2007.
  7. ↑ Template:Cite video
  8. ↑ Where time stands still..., Pandya, Haresh(14 February 2000). Retrieved 28 December 2007.
  9. ↑ Bhura, the poultry farmer: The Ten Samurai. Retrieved 29 December 2007.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Guran, the fortune teller: The Ten Samurai. Retrieved 29 December 2007.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Ismail, the potter: The Ten Samurai. Retrieved 29 December 2007.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Deva, the Sikh from the neighboring village: The Ten Samurai. Retrieved 29 December 2007.
  13. ↑ Goli, the man with the largest piece of land: The Ten Samurai. Retrieved 29 December 2007.
  14. ↑ Lakha, the woodcutter: The Ten Samurai. Retrieved 29 December 2007.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Bagha, the mute: The Ten Samurai. Retrieved 29 December 2007.
  16. ↑ Kachra, the untouchable: The Ten Samurai. Retrieved 29 December 2007.
  17. ↑ I'm not aware if Big B & SRK have copied me. Filmfare(30 April 2013).
  18. ↑ South Asian Cinema{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}. South Asian Cinema Foundation(2001)
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 Chale Chalo – Review(18 June 2007). Retrieved 6 November 2009.
  20. ↑ The Ashutosh Gowariker interview, Nandy, Pritish(17 July 2001). Retrieved 28 December 2007.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 A true actor can play any role, Pandya, Haresh(21 February 2000). Retrieved 28 December 2007.
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 Aamir Khan on Lagaan – the surprise of the year!, Mukherjee, Sanjeeb(July 2001). Retrieved 28 December 2007.
  23. ↑ I'm sure Lagaan will win the Oscar, Kulkarni, Ronjita. Retrieved 29 December 2007.
  24. ↑ Lagaan producer Jhamu Sughand passes away(May 27, 2008). Retrieved 2016-01-02.
  25. ↑ One contribution isn't enough. Rediff(3 February 2001). Retrieved 12 January 2008.
  26. ↑ Gracy Singh: Interview. The Times of India. Retrieved 28 December 2007.
  27. ↑ Arjan, the blacksmith: The Ten Samurai. Retrieved 29 December 2007.
  28. ↑ Aamir Khan screens 'Lagaan' at Bhuj. The Tribune(13 June 2001). Retrieved 12 January 2008.
  29. ↑ Bollywood 2001—A year of Kabhi Khushi Kabhi Gham(28 December 2001). Retrieved 1 December 2020.
  30. ↑ Betting bug bites Bollywood. The Tribune(26 July 2001). Retrieved 1 December 2020.
  31. ↑ Leicester – Movies – Lagaan(26 July 2001). Retrieved 12 January 2008.
  32. ↑ Lagaan released in China. The Tribune(20 November 2002). Retrieved 12 January 2008.
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 33.3 Lagaan wins top honours at Swiss film festival. Rediff(13 August 2001). Retrieved 13 January 2008.
  34. ↑ Lagaan a big hit in France. The Times of India(17 August 2002). Retrieved 20 January 2008.
  35. ↑ Aamir has NY in a jam. Rediff(30 May 2001). Retrieved 12 January 2008.
  36. ↑ Lagaan (2001): International Box-Office Results. Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 12 January 2008.
  37. ↑ Lagaan loses to No Man's Land. UNI, PTI. Retrieved 12 January 2008.
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 Top Lifetime Grossers Worldwide (IND Rs). Retrieved 12 September 2014.
  39. ↑ Showcase IIFA 2001 – Sun City. Retrieved 12 January 2008.
  40. ↑ LAGAAN scores a six!. The Times of India(21 August 2001). Retrieved 13 January 2008.
  41. ↑ SPC googly for Lagaan. Variety(5 February 2002). Retrieved 12 January 2008.
  42. ↑ Russia calling, Bollywood answering!. The Times of India(2 May 2002). Retrieved 20 January 2008.
  43. ↑ Memorable flicks that made it big. The Hindu(28 December 2001). Retrieved 12 January 2008.
  44. ↑ Cairo Film Festival Programme. Al-Ahram Weekly. Retrieved 12 January 2008.
  45. ↑ History. Stockholm International Film Festival. Retrieved 12 January 2008.
  46. ↑ Helsinki International Film Festival. Retrieved 12 January 2008.
  47. ↑ Spidey neighbourhood asks for Lagaan. The Times of India(31 May 2002). Retrieved 12 January 2008.
  48. ↑ Lagaan. Netflix. Retrieved 3 September 2019.
  49. ↑ Top Worldwide Grossers 2001. Box Office India. Retrieved 7 November 2017.
  50. ↑ 50.0 50.1 50.2 Lagaan. Box Office India. Retrieved 7 November 2017.
  51. ↑ Top Overseas Grossers 2001. Box Office India. Retrieved 7 November 2017.
  52. ↑ 印度往事 - 猫眼电影 - 一网打尽好电影. Maoyan. Retrieved 14 January 2018.
  53. ↑ Pacific Exchange Rate Service (5.6857 INR per CNY). UBC Sauder School of Business. University of British Columbia(May 2003). Retrieved 14 January 2018.
  54. ↑ Pacific Exchange Rate Service (8.2769 CNY per USD). UBC Sauder School of Business. University of British Columbia(May 2003). Retrieved 14 January 2018.
  55. ↑ Historical Exchange Rates Tool & Forex History Data (46.57 INR per USD). OFX. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
  56. ↑ Lagaan. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 26 June 2012.
  57. ↑ Lagaan: Once Upon a Time in India Reviews. Metacritic. Retrieved 1 August 2020.
  58. ↑ Scoring sixers with every scene. The Hindu(29 June 2001). Retrieved 13 January 2008.
  59. ↑ Film-hungry fans lap up Gadar, Lagaan fare. The Times of India(28 June 2001). Retrieved 13 January 2008.
  60. ↑ Reviews: Lagaan – Once upon a time in India. Chicago Sun-Times(7 June 2002). Retrieved 13 January 2008.
  61. ↑ Lagaan: Once Upon A Time In India Review. Variety(19 July 2001). Retrieved 13 January 2008.
  62. ↑ The World: Bollywood Dreams; A Movie Recalls India to Its Ideals. The New York Times(31 March 2002). Retrieved 13 January 2008.
  63. ↑ Film Review; The Cricketing of an Indian Village, Kehr, Dave(8 May 2002). Retrieved 1 August 2020.
  64. ↑ Movie Review: 'Lagaan: Once Upon a Time in India'. The Los Angeles Times: Calendar Live(10 May 2002). Retrieved 13 January 2008.
  65. ↑ Film Reviews: Lagaan. The Guardian(22 June 2001). Retrieved 13 January 2008.
  66. ↑ Film Review: Lagaan (Tax) (2001)(18 June 2001). Retrieved 13 January 2008.
  67. ↑ Film buffs reveal 'must see' list. BBC News(23 July 2006). Retrieved 17 December 2008.
  68. ↑ Uncle Aamir's charm offensive on millennials. The Hindu(10 February 2018).
  69. ↑ The 100 Best Films Of World Cinema – 55. Lagaan.
  70. ↑ John Nugent, The DVD Discount Bin: Lagaan Redux, Trenton Independent, 1 April 2011, Page B2
  71. ↑ 71.0 71.1 71.2 Hooray for Bollywood, and India's Lagaan. USA Today(8 March 2002). Retrieved 20 January 2008.
  72. ↑ 72.0 72.1 Anti-British Indian film in chase for Oscar. The Daily Telegraph(25 November 2001). Retrieved 20 January 2008.
  73. ↑ Rings lords over Oscar with 13 nominations(12 February 2002). Retrieved 20 January 2008.
  74. ↑ A "golden" push for Indian cinema. Business Line(3 March 2002). Retrieved 20 January 2008.
  75. ↑ It's Lagaan for Luhrmann. The Times of India(10 May 2002). Retrieved 20 January 2008.
  76. ↑ Bollywood's hopes for Oscar dollars(13 February 2002). Retrieved 20 January 2008.
  77. ↑ Lagaan lives on. Business Line(15 February 2002). Retrieved 20 January 2008.
  78. ↑ Lagaan's ultimate test. The Tribune(23 February 2002). Retrieved 20 January 2008.
  79. ↑ Bosnian war film gets Oscar(25 February 2002). Retrieved 20 January 2008.
  80. ↑ 80.0 80.1 Indians mourn Oscar miss. BBC News(25 February 2002). Retrieved 20 January 2008.
  81. ↑ Americans must learn to like our films: Ashutosh. The Times of India(15 April 2002). Retrieved 20 January 2008.
  82. ↑ South takes the lion's share; Lagaan wins 8 national awards(27 July 2002). Retrieved 13 January 2008.
  83. ↑ Lagaan walks away with eight Filmfare awards. Apunkachoice.com(17 February 2002). Retrieved 13 January 2008.
  84. ↑ Lagaan scoops Bollywood awards. BBC News(6 April 2002). Retrieved 13 January 2008.
  85. ↑ Amazon: Lagaan (2001) DVD. Retrieved 13 January 2008.
  86. ↑ 86.0 86.1 Lagaan Special Anniversary Edition 3-Disk DVD Set. Retrieved 13 January 2008.
  87. ↑ Lagaan beats Sholay in DVD sales(21 July 2007). Retrieved 13 January 2008.
  88. ↑ Egmont unwraps Lagaan comic book, game for kids, Fernandes, Vivek(9 February 2002). Retrieved 20 January 2008.
  89. ↑ Lagaan nominated for Oscar(13 February 2002). Retrieved 20 January 2008.
  90. ↑ The Spirit of Lagaan{{#if:Bhatkal|, Bhatkal}. Popular Prakshan(March 2002). ISBN 81-7991-003-2

Further reading

  • Bhatkal, Satyajit (March 2002). The spirit of Lagaan. Mumbai: Popular Prakshan. pp. 243. Template:ISBN.

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