Template:Infobox Year in spaceflight
Template:TLS-L
This article documents notable and expected spaceflight events during the year 2023.
Overview
Astronomy and Astrophysics
On 1 July, European Space Agency's (ESA) Euclid satellite was launched towards Sun-Earth L2 point by a Falcon 9 rocket. The satellite observes distant galaxies to study dark matter and dark energy in our Universe.
Exploration of the Solar System
On April 14, ESA launched the Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE) spacecraft to explore Jupiter and its large ice-covered moons following an eight-year transit.[1]
ISRO launched its third lunar mission Chandrayaan-3 on 14 July 2023 at 9:05 UTC;[2] it consists of lander, rover and a propulsion module,[3] and is supposed to land on the south pole of the Moon on 23 August 2023.
Russian lunar lander Luna 25 was launched on August 10, 2023, 23:10 UTC, atop a Soyuz-2.1b rocket from the Vostochny Cosmodrome.[4] It is the first Russian attempt to land a spacecraft on the Moon since the Soviet lander Luna 24 in 1974.
The OSIRIS-REx mission will return to Earth on 24 September with samples collected from asteroid Bennu.[5]
NASA plans to launch the Psyche spacecraft, an orbiter mission that will explore the origin of planetary cores by studying the metallic asteroid 16 Psyche, in October 2023 on a Falcon Heavy launch vehicle.
Human spaceflight
A new record for the number of people in space at once was reached on 25 May 2023. 20 people were in space simultaneously, with eleven people aboard the ISS, three on Tiangong, and six on SpaceShipTwo.[6] 5 days later on 30 May, the record for the number of people in orbit simultaneously was broken as well, with 17 people in orbit at once; 6 people on Tiangong from Shenzhou 15 and 16, 7 people from Expedition 69 on the ISS as well 4 crew members from Axiom-2 also on the ISS.[7][6]
Space tourism
Axiom Mission 2 private crew mission to the International Space Station was launched on 21 May 2023 on a SpaceX Falcon 9. The mission ended with successful return of the crew to Earth on 31 May 2023.
Virgin Galactic Unity 25 mission took place 25 May 2023. This was the first mission for Virgin Galactic's suborbital spaceplane VSS Unity since 2021. On 29 June 2023, Virgin Galactic flew their first commercial suborbital spaceflight mission, Galactic 01, with their suborbital spaceplane VSS Unity. Onboard Unity were three employees of the company and three passengers (whose flight had been paid from outside the company) from the Italian Air Force and Italy’s National Research Council.[8] On 10 August Virgin Galactic flew their Galactic 02 mission, the first VSS Unity flight carrying a space tourist.
SpaceX plans to fly Polaris Dawn in September, a Crew Dragon mission including the first commercial spacewalk.
Rocket innovation
The maiden flight of United Launch Alliance's Vulcan Centaur[9] is planned for 2023, along with other smaller rockets.
On January 10, ABL Space Systems' RS1 had its debut flight, but failed to reach orbit.[10]
On March 7, JAXA/MHI H3's maiden flight was terminated in-flight due to failure to ignite the second stage, resulting in the loss of the ALOS-3 land observation satellite.[11]
On March 23, Relativity Space's Terran 1 had its debut flight. The flight goal, which was to demonstrate the viability of 3D printing for major structural components of a rocket, was achieved when Terran 1 passed max q and continued to perform nominally. However, after stage separation, the second stage failed to ignite, ending the mission.[12] Following the failed launch, Relativity retired the rocket in favor of developing the much larger, reusable Terran R vehicle.[13]
On April 2, Space Pioneer's Tianlong-2 had its debut flight, and successfully reached orbit. It was the first successful launch of a Chinese privately-funded liquid-fueled rocket. Space Pioneer is the first private company to reach orbit on its first attempt using a fully liquid fueled rocket.[14]
On April 20, SpaceX's Starship had its first test flight,[15] aiming to complete about three-quarters of an orbit and landing in the Pacific Ocean northwest of Kauai.[16] Some engines on the booster failed during the flight and the flight termination system was triggered, ending the flight before stage separation.
On April 22, Evolution Space completed its first space flight test with the Gold Chain Cowboy solid-fueled rocket.[17]
Virgin Orbit declared Chapter 11 bankruptcy on April 4, 2023.[18] The following dissolution of the company led to the retirement of LauncherOne rocket, with the unsuccessful launch of 9 January 2023 remaining the last flight of LauncherOne.
On May 30, the North Korean Chollima-1 made its first orbital launch attempt, carrying the military reconnaissance satellite Malligyong-1.[19] However, the launch failed to achieve orbit when the second stage ignited too early in the mission.[20] The launch vehicle crashed into the Yellow Sea.[21]
On July 5, Arianespace's Ariane 5 rocket flew its final mission.
On July 12, LandSpace's Zhuque-2 rocket, in its second flight, became the world's first methane-fuelled rocket to successfully reach orbit.[22]
On August 2, Antares 230+ rocket flew its final mission.
Satellite technology
On January 27, ESA reported the successful demonstration of a braking sail-based satellite deorbiter, Template:Tooltip, which could be used by space debris mitigation measures.[23][24]
In April, Chinese media first reported on tests of flexible organic solar cells on balloons in the 35 km stratosphere.[25][26]
On 29 July a Falcon Heavy rocket launched the Jupiter-3 (EchoStar-24)[27] communications satellite to geosynchronous orbit. With a mass of over 9 tonnes, EchoStar's Jupiter-3 is the heaviest geostationary satellite ever launched.[28]
On 1 June, Caltech reported the first successful demonstration of solar energy from space via its SSPD-1 spacecraft.[29][30]
Orbital launches
| Month | Num. of successes | Num. of failures | Num. of partial failures |
|---|---|---|---|
| January | 14 | 2 | 0 |
| February | 12 | 0 | 0 |
| March | 22 | 2 | 0 |
| April | 11 | 1 | 0 |
| May | 19 | 1 | 0 |
| June | 13 | 0 | 0 |
| July | 18 | 0 | 0 |
| August | 13 | 0 | 0 |
| September | TBD | TBD | TBD |
| October | TBD | TBD | TBD |
| November | TBD | TBD | TBD |
| December | TBD | TBD | TBD |
| Total | 122 | 6 | 0 |
Deep-space rendezvous
| Date (UTC) | Spacecraft | Event | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| 21 March | Hakuto-R Mission 1 | Lunar orbit insertion | Success[31] |
| 25 April | Hakuto-R Mission 1 | Lunar landing | Communications were lost, landing failed.[32] |
| 19 June | BepiColombo | Third gravity assist at Mercury | |
| 31 July | Juno | 53rd perijove | On this perijove Juno flew by Io at a distance of 22,000 km.[33] |
| 5 August | Chandrayaan 3 | Lunar orbit insertion | Success[34] |
| 16 August | Luna 25 | Lunar orbit insertion | Success[35] |
| 21 August | Parker Solar Probe | Sixth gravity assist at Venus | |
| 21–23 August | Luna 25 | Lunar landing | |
| 23 August | Chandrayaan 3 | Lunar landing | |
| 24 September | OSIRIS-REx | Sample return to Earth | |
| 1 November | Lucy | Flyby of 152830 Dinkinesh | Lucy will approach 450 km (280 mi) from the asteroid.[36] |
| 30 December | Juno | 57th perijove | On the day of this perijove, Juno will fly by Io. Orbital period around Jupiter reduced to 35 days.[37][38] |
Extravehicular activities (EVAs)
| Start Date/Time | Duration | End Time | Spacecraft | Crew | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 20 January 2023 13:14 |
7 hours 21 minutes | 20:35 | Expedition 68 ISS Quest |
Template:Flagicon Koichi Wakata Template:Flagicon Nicole Mann |
First spacewalk of 2023 to finish installation of the IROSA mounting brackets on the starboard side of the station. Wakata and Mann installed cables on the 1B Array at the S6 truss, which was not completed on the last spacewalk, tightened bolts and installed a terminator on a cable along with its connected jumper on the SSDCDC converter box to isolate the 1B array until the IROSA solar arrays are installed following the arrival of SpaceX CRS-28 in June. They also assembled and installed the IROSA mounting bracket onto the 1A array, which was also left incomplete on the last spacewalk. Wakata and Mann were unable to secure the final strut on the 1A solar array because of debris in the guide track of the mounting pad and only one of the jumpers was installed. The astronauts returned the strut to the Quest Airlock and will use special tools to clean the tracks before it is remounted on the next spacewalk. They were also unable to connect the cables for 1A due to time constraints. NASA astronaut Zena Cardman was Ground IV, assisted by JAXA astronaut Akihiko Hoshide, who was the Capcom for the astronauts inside the ISS during the spacewalk.[39][40][41] |
| 2 February 2023 12:45 |
6 hours 41 minutes | 19:26 | Expedition 68 ISS Quest |
Template:Flagicon Nicole Mann Template:Flagicon Koichi Wakata |
Final spacewalk to install the mounting brackets for the 1A solar array in preparation for the delivery of IROSA on SpaceX CRS-28. Tasks included installing the final strut, securing the bolts on the 1A solar array, relocating foot restraints that were left on P6 inboard, and routing cables. NASA astronaut Zena Cardman was Ground IV.[42][43] |
| 9 February 2023 9:10 |
7 hours 6 minutes | 16:16 | Shenzhou 15 TSS Wentian airlock |
Template:Flagicon Fei Junlong Template:Flagicon Zhang Lu |
They completed a series of tasks, including installing the fourth external pump (Z01-04) on the Mengtian lab module and other tasks related to Mengtian's payload airlock, which allows astronauts to deploy science payloads and small satellites using the station's robotic arms. After successfully completing the installation and commissioning of the extended pump set in the Mengtian experimental cabin, Fei Junlong needs to transfer to the core cabin of Tianhe, remove the foot stopper in the tool box outside the node, and then return to the Mengtian experimental cabin, and install it in the designated location for the second time out of the cabin to install large equipment. For the first time, Fei Junlong held a large-scale foot stopper and an external operating platform to carry out a large-scale transfer, which put forward higher requirements for the safety of the task.[44] It is China's longest spacewalk to date.[45] |
| 2 March 2023 ??:?? |
? hours ? minutes | ??:?? | Shenzhou 15 | Template:Flagicon Fei Junlong Template:Flagicon Zhang Lu |
Fei Junlong and Zhang Lu went out of the cabin again to perform tasks such as the installation of external equipment on the space station. After leaving the cabin, Fei Junlong and Zhang Lu first autonomously transferred to the operating point with the help of the handrail outside the cabin. During the crawling process, Fei Junlong had to take off the two safety rope hooks of the previous handrail and hang them on the next handrail every time he moved a handrail. Repeatedly picking and hanging the hooks was a small challenge and not good for the strength of the astronaut’s upper limbs.
The equipment that Fei Junlong and Zhang Lu are going to install for the second time out of the cabin has about 20 plugs, and these plugs have protective covers.[46] When installing, you need to pull out the protective covers before inserting the plugs. Do a power test. Other tasks were to dump trash bags during spacewalk.[47] |
| 30 March 2023 ??:?? |
? hours ? minutes | ??:?? | Shenzhou 15 | Template:Flagicon Fei Junlong Template:Flagicon Zhang Lu |
Fei Junlong and Zhang Lu partnered again to perform the third out-of-cabin activity and complete the task of installing and connecting cables across the cabin. There are more than 40 plugs at both ends of the cross-cabin cable, and the work intensity and difficulty are greater than last time.
Fei Junlong and Zhang Lu successfully completed this mission in a way that they had not trained before.[48] Other tasks were to dump trash bags during spacewalk.[49] |
| 15 April 2023 ??:?? |
? hours ? minutes | ??:?? | Shenzhou 15 | Template:Flagicon Fei Junlong Template:Flagicon Zhang Lu |
During the fourth spacewalk, the three astronauts of the Shenzhou 15 crew worked closely together inside and outside the cabin, and successfully completed the installation of the fifth extended pump (Z02-01) set outside the Mengtian, the installation and connection of cross-cabin cables, and the external load exposure platform. The installation of support rods and other tasks laid the foundation for the subsequent large-scale extravehicular science and technology experiments. Other tasks were to dump trash bags during spacewalk.[50] |
| 19 April 01:40 |
7 hours 55 minutes | 09:35 | Expedition 69 | Template:Flagicon Sergey Prokopyev Template:Flagicon Dmitry Petelin |
Ninth in a series of spacewalks to outfit Nauka and to prepare ERA for operations. The spacewalkers used ERA to pick up the radiator with the arm where it was relocated at the end of the spacewalk. They closed valves on the nitrogen jumpers, removed covers over the nitrogen jumpers, disconnected the radiator heater cable and capped it, removed bolts and launch restraints, and transferred the radiator over to Nauka and installed it into a socket on the forward face where it will be deployed at the end of EVA 4. As part of get-ahead tasks, they will prepare the airlock for transfer to Nauka on the next spacewalk and stowed the ERA adapter on the airlock. Because of time and issues with matting the radiator the task to jettison the covers was moved to the next spacewalk. This was the longest spacewalk of this expedition and a critical one to get the lab activated.[51] |
| 28 April 13:11 |
7 hours 1 minute | 20:12 | Expedition 68 ISS Quest |
Template:Flagicon Stephen Bowen Template:Flagicon Sultan Al Neyadi |
Bowen and Al Neyadi, who became the first Arab astronaut to perform a spacewalk, finished routing cables and secured the struts with MLI at the 1B and 1A solar arrays in preparation for the arrival of the IROSA arrays in June. The primary task to retrieve the Space to Ground Antenna (SASA) was deferred to the next spacewalk because a stuck bolt on the electronics box prevented the antenna from being released from the FRAM. NASA Astronaut Anne McClain was Ground IV CAPCOM.[52][53][54] |
| 4 May 20:00 |
7 hours 11 minutes | 03:11 | Expedition 69 | Template:Flagicon Sergey Prokopyev Template:Flagicon Dmitry Petelin |
Tenth in a series of spacewalks to outfit Nauka and to prepare ERA for operations. The spacewalkers removed bolts, removed covers, disconnected cables, and used ERA to transfer the airlock over to Nauka where it was installed on the forward facing port. Once the airlock was installed they mated cables and jettisoned their trash which included hardware and covers from the previous spacewalks and this spacewalk. Spacewalk faced a delay when ERA entered an uncontrolled roll placing the airlock out of alignment. Prokopyev and Petelin improvised with a little elbow grease and got the airlock rotated into the correct position and got it latched in place. Spacewalk faced another delay when tape was found on the electrical connectors requiring Prokopyev to cut it before the cables were connected.[55][56][57][58] |
| 12 May 15:47 |
5 hours 14 minutes | 23:01 | Expedition 69 | Template:Flagicon Sergey Prokopyev Template:Flagicon Dmitry Petelin |
Eleventh and final spacewalk to outfit Nauka and to prepare ERA for operations. To wrap up work on Nauka, the cosmonauts deployed the radiator, and installed nitrogen and ammonia jumpers to cool the Russian Segment and connected the radiator to electrical power, hydraulics, and mechanical connections. As a getahead task while the radiator was being filled with coolant the cosmonauts installed gap spanners on ERA's boom to allow for translation on future spacewalks.[59][60] |
| 9 June 13:15 |
6 hours 3 minutes | 19:18 | Expedition 69 ISS Quest |
Template:Flagicon Stephen Bowen Template:Flagicon Woody Hoburg |
NASA astronauts Steve Bowen and Woody Hoburg exited the station’s Quest airlock and installed an upgraded IROSA (International Space Station Roll-Out Solar Array) on the 1A power channel on the starboard truss of the station. Task included removing bolts, deploying the rollers, and installing cables before the solar array was picked up by Hoburg with assistance from Canadarm 2 and installed on the 1A solar array on the S4 Truss. The array was deployed at 16:32 hours and is receiving power.[61][62] |
| 15 June 12:42 |
5 hours 35 minutes | 18:17 | Expedition 69 ISS Quest |
Template:Flagicon Stephen Bowen Template:Flagicon Woody Hoburg |
NASA astronauts Steve Bowen and Woody Hoburg exited the station’s Quest airlock to install the final upgraded IROSA (International Space Station Roll-Out Solar Array) on the 1B power channel on the starboard truss of the station. Task included removing bolts, deploying the rollers, and installing cables before the solar array was picked up by Hoburg with assistance from Canadarm 2 and installed on the 1B solar array on the S6 Truss. The array was deployed at 16:51 hours and is receiving power. As part of getahead task they covered the cables in MLI and secured the struts, relocated their foot restraints inboard, and stowed the support beams on the flight support structure for disposal. [63][64] |
| 22 June 14:24 |
6 hours 24 minutes | 20:48 | Expedition 69 | Template:Flagicon Sergey Prokopyev Template:Flagicon Dmitry Petelin |
Prokopyev and Petelin exited the Poisk airlock and routed an Ethernet cable to the port experiment frame on the Zvezda Service Module, jettisoned experiment hardware including the TMTC Monoblock antennas, the highspeed data transmission antenna, and the Seismo Prognos payload, installed a data transmission radio onto the port frame, removed experiments from the Zvezda Service Module, photographed Zvezda including the thrusters so they can patch the leak, inspected an antenna, and retrieved the Biorisk containers. As a getahead they cleaned the windows on the Russian segment, reposition the Plume Measurement Unit, and jettisoned a towel.[65][66] |
| 20 July 2023 05:45 |
7 hours 55 minutes | 13:40 | Shenzhou 16 TSS Wentian airlock |
Template:Flagicon Jing Haipeng Template:Flagicon Zhu Yangzhu |
They installed & lifted the bracket for panoramic camera B of core module, unlocked & lifted panoramic camera A/B of Mengtian lab module. Zhu Yangzhu became first Chinese flight engineer to conduct an extravehicular activity.[67] |
| 9 August 14:44 |
6 hours 35 minutes | 21:19 | Expedition 69 | Template:Flagicon Sergey Prokopyev Template:Flagicon Dmitry Petelin |
Twelfth and final spacewalk to outfit Nauka and to prepare ERA for operations. Both cosmonauts ventured outside the station’s Poisk Airlock to attach three debris shields to the Rassvet module. They also tested the sturdiness of the last MLM outfitting called the ERA portable workpost, that will be affixed to the end of the European robotic arm attached to the Nauka multipurpose laboratory module.[68][69][70] |
Space debris events
| Date/Time (UTC) | Template:Nobr | Template:Nobr | Pieces tracked | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 January | Script error: No such module "flag". Kosmos 2499 | Breakup | 85 | Energetic fragmentation event; Cause Unknown |
| 11 March | Script error: No such module "flag". Orbcomm F36 | Breakup | 7 | Unknown; likely energetic fragmentation event caused by a malfunction in the hydrazine orbit adjust system[71][72] |
Orbital launch statistics
By country
For the purposes of this section, the yearly tally of orbital launches by country assigns each flight to the country of origin of the rocket, not to the launch services provider or the spaceport. As an example, Electron launches from Mahia in New Zealand are counted under USA.
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| Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures |
Remarks | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Template:CHN | 36 | 36 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Template:EUR | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Template:IND | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Template:ISR | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Template:JPN | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Template:PRK | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Template:RUS | 11 | 11 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Template:KOR | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Template:USA | 68 | 64 | 4 | 0 | Includes Electron launches from Mahia | |
| World | 128 | 122 | 6 | 0 | ||
By rocket
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By family
| Family | Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antares | Template:USA | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Ariane | Template:EUR | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
| Ceres | Template:CHN | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
| Chollima | Template:PRK | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Maiden flight |
| Delta | Template:USA | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Electron | Template:USA | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |
| Falcon | Template:USA | 56 | 56 | 0 | 0 | |
| H-series | Template:JPN | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
| Hyperbola | Template:CHN | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Kinetika | Template:CHN | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Kuaizhou | Template:CHN | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
| LauncherOne | Template:USA | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Final flight |
| Long March | Template:CHN | 25 | 25 | 0 | 0 | |
| Nuri | Template:KOR | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| RS1 | Template:USA | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Maiden flight |
| R-7 | Template:RUS | 9 | 9 | 0 | 0 | |
| Shavit | Template:ISR | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| SLV | Template:IND | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |
| Starship | Template:USA | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Maiden flight |
| Terran | Template:USA | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Maiden flight |
| Tianlong | Template:CHN | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
| UR | Template:RUS | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
| Zhuque | Template:CHN | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
By type
| Rocket | Country | Family | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antares | Template:USA | Antares | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Ariane 5 | Template:EUR | Ariane | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | Final flight |
| Ceres-1 | Template:CHN | Ceres | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
| Chollima-1 | Template:PRK | Chollima | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Maiden flight |
| Delta IV | Template:USA | Delta | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Electron | Template:USA | Electron | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |
| Falcon 9 | Template:USA | Falcon | 56 | 56 | 0 | 0 | |
| GSLV | Template:IND | SLV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| H-IIA | Template:JPN | H-series | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| H3 | Template:JPN | H-series | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Maiden flight |
| Hyperbola-1 | Template:CHN | Hyperbola | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Kinetika 1 | Template:CHN | Kinetika | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Kuaizhou-1 | Template:CHN | Kuaizhou | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
| LauncherOne | Template:USA | LauncherOne | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Final flight |
| Long March 2 | Template:CHN | Long March | 13 | 13 | 0 | 0 | |
| Long March 3 | Template:CHN | Long March | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
| Long March 4 | Template:CHN | Long March | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
| Long March 6 | Template:CHN | Long March | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Long March 7 | Template:CHN | Long March | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
| Long March 11 | Template:CHN | Long March | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| LVM 3 | Template:IND | SLV | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
| Nuri | Template:KOR | Nuri | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| PSLV | Template:IND | SLV | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
| Proton | Template:RUS | UR | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
| RS1 | Template:USA | RS1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Maiden flight |
| Shavit 2 | Template:ISR | Shavit | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| SSLV | Template:IND | SLV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Soyuz-2 | Template:RUS | R-7 | 9 | 9 | 0 | 0 | |
| Starship | Template:USA | Starship | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Maiden flight |
| Terran 1 | Template:USA | Terran | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Only flight |
| Tianlong-2 | Template:CHN | Tianlong | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
| Zhuque-2 | Template:CHN | Zhuque | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
By configuration
| Rocket | Country | Type | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antares 230+ | Template:USA | Antares | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Final flight |
| Ariane 5 ECA | Template:EUR | Ariane 5 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | Final flight |
| Ceres-1 | Template:CHN | Ceres-1 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
| Chollima-1 | Template:PRK | Chollima-1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Maiden flight |
| Delta IV Heavy | Template:USA | Delta IV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Electron | Template:USA | Electron | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |
| Falcon 9 Block 5 | Template:USA | Falcon 9 | 53 | 53 | 0 | 0 | |
| Falcon Heavy | Template:USA | Falcon 9 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
| GSLV Mk II | Template:IND | GSLV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| H-IIA 202 | Template:JPN | H-IIA | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| H3-22S | Template:JPN | H3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Maiden flight |
| Hyperbola-1 | Template:CHN | Hyperbola-1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Kinetika 1 | Template:CHN | Kinetika 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Kuaizhou-1A | Template:CHN | Kuaizhou-1 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
| LauncherOne | Template:USA | LauncherOne | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Final flight |
| Long March 2C | Template:CHN | Long March 2 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
| Long March 2C / YZ-1S | Template:CHN | Long March 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Long March 2D | Template:CHN | Long March 2 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |
| Long March 2F/G | Template:CHN | Long March 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Long March 3B/E | Template:CHN | Long March 3 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
| Long March 4B | Template:CHN | Long March 4 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Long March 4C | Template:CHN | Long March 4 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
| Long March 6 | Template:CHN | Long March 6 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Long March 7 | Template:CHN | Long March 7 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Long March 7A | Template:CHN | Long March 7 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Long March 11 | Template:CHN | Long March 11 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| LVM 3 | Template:IND | LVM 3 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
| Nuri | Template:KOR | Nuri | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| PSLV-CA | Template:IND | PSLV | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
| Proton-M / DM-03 | Template:RUS | Proton | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Proton-M / Briz-M | Template:RUS | Proton | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| RS1 | Template:USA | RS1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Maiden flight |
| Shavit 2 | Template:ISR | Shavit 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| SSLV | Template:IND | SSLV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Soyuz-2.1a | Template:RUS | Soyuz-2 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
| Soyuz-2.1a / Fregat-M | Template:RUS | Soyuz-2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Soyuz-2.1b / Fregat-M | Template:RUS | Soyuz-2 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
| Soyuz-2-1v | Template:RUS | Soyuz-2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Starship | Template:USA | Starship | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Maiden flight |
| Terran 1 | Template:USA | Terran 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Only flight |
| Tianlong-2 | Template:CHN | Tianlong-2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
| Zhuque-2 | Template:CHN | Zhuque-2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
By spaceport
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| Site | Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baikonur | Template:KAZ | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
| Cape Canaveral | Template:USA | 34 | 33 | 1 | 0 | |
| Cornwall | Template:GBR | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | First launch |
| Jiuquan | Template:CHN | 20 | 20 | 0 | 0 | |
| Kennedy | Template:USA | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | |
| Kourou | Template:FRA | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
| Mahia | Template:NZL | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
| MARS | Template:USA | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
| Naro | Template:KOR | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| PSCA | Template:USA | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
| Palmachim | Template:ISR | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Plesetsk | Template:RUS | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
| Satish Dhawan | Template:IND | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |
| Sohae | Template:PRK | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
| Starbase | Template:USA | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | First orbital launch |
| Taiyuan | Template:CHN | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | |
| Tanegashima | Template:JPN | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
| Vandenberg | Template:USA | 16 | 16 | 0 | 0 | |
| Vostochny | Template:RUS | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
| Wenchang | Template:CHN | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
| Xichang | Template:CHN | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | |
| Total | 128 | 122 | 6 | 0 | ||
By orbit
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| Orbital regime | Launches | Achieved | Not achieved | Accidentally achieved |
Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Transatmospheric | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
| Low Earth / Sun-synchronous | 100 | 95 | 5 | 0 | Including flights to ISS and Tiangong |
| Geosynchronous / Tundra / GTO | 21 | 21 | 0 | 0 | |
| Medium Earth / Molniya | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
| High Earth / Lunar transfer | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Heliocentric orbit / Planetary transfer | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
| Total | 128 | 122 | 6 | 0 |
Suborbital launch statistics
By country
For the purposes of this section, the yearly tally of suborbital launches by country assigns each flight to the country of origin of the rocket, not to the launch services provider or the spaceport. Flights intended to fly below Template:Cvt are omitted.
| Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures |
Remarks | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Template:BRA | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Template:CAN | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Template:CHN | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Template:FRA | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Template:DEU | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Template:IRN | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Template:PRK | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Template:PAK | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Template:RUS | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Template:KOR | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Template:USA | 22 | 18 | 4 | 0 | ||
| World | 41 | 33 | 8 | 0 | ||
Planned maiden flights
- Gravity-1 – Orienspace – China – Q4 2023[73]
- Kairos – Space One – Japan – Summer 2023[74]
- Long March 6C – CASC – China – TBD[75]
- New Glenn – Blue Origin – U.S. – late 2023[76]
- Vulcan Centaur – United Launch Alliance – U.S. – late 2023[77]
Notes
References
- ↑ ESA launches JUICE to Jupiter's icy moons atop Ariane 5, Davenport, Justin(14 April 2023).
- ↑ India's Chandrayaan-3 rocket blasts into space for Moon mission, BBC News. BBC News(2023-07-14). Retrieved 2023-07-20.
- ↑ Chandrayaan-3 Details. ISRO. Retrieved 2023-07-20.
- ↑ Russia launches Luna-25 moon lander, its 1st lunar probe in 47 years. Retrieved 11 August 2023.
- ↑ OSIRIS-REx: NASA's asteroid study and sample return mission(11 November 2022). Retrieved 11 January 2023.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Jonathan's Space Report | Human Spaceflight: Rides. planet4589.org. Retrieved 2023-05-30.
- ↑ New record! 17 people are in Earth orbit at the same time right now, updated, Robert Z. Pearlman last. Space.com(2023-05-30). Retrieved 2023-05-30.
- ↑ Virgin Galactic has sold 800 tickets to the edge of space. The first customers just took flight. edition.cnn.com(June 29, 2023). Retrieved 1 July 2023.
- ↑ ULA Sets Path Forward for Inaugural Vulcan Flight Test(12 October 2022). Retrieved 13 October 2022.
- ↑ First ABL Space Systems launch fails, Foust, Jeff(10 January 2023). Retrieved 11 January 2023.
- ↑ New Japanese Rocket Is Destroyed During First Test Flight to Space. The New York Times(2023-03-07). Retrieved 2023-03-07.
- ↑ Relativity Space launches world's first 3D-printed rocket on historic test flight, but fails to reach orbit, Wall, Mike(23 March 2023). Retrieved 25 March 2023.
- ↑ Relativity goes 'all in' on larger reusable rocket, shifting 3D-printing approach after first launch, Sheetz, Michael. CNBC(12 April 2023). Retrieved 2023-04-13.
- ↑ Template:Cite tweet
- ↑ Starship-Super Heavy (Prototype) | Orbital Test Flight, Baylor, Michael. Retrieved 30 December 2022.
- ↑ SpaceX outlines plans for Starship orbital test flight, Clark, Stephen(13 May 2021). Retrieved 15 May 2021.
- ↑ Evolution Space Launches Rocket on Suborbital Flight From Mojave Desert, Messier, Doug. Parabolic Arc(2023-04-25). Retrieved 2023-07-26.
- ↑ Branson's Virgin Orbit files for bankruptcy. Reuters(2023-04-04). Retrieved 2023-04-04.
- ↑ North Korea spy satellite launch fails as rocket falls into the sea. The Indian Express(May 31, 2023). Retrieved 31 May 2023.
- ↑ Why does North Korea want a spy satellite so badly, and what went wrong with its attempt to launch one?. www.cbsnews.com(2023-05-31). Retrieved 2023-06-01.
- ↑ North Korea says satellite launch fails, plans to try again. edition.cnn.com(May 31, 2023). Retrieved 31 May 2023.
- ↑ China's Landspace reaches orbit with methane-powered Zhuque-2 rocket, Jones, Andrew. SpaceNews(2023-07-12). Retrieved 2023-07-12.
- ↑ ESA successfully deploys braking sail for deorbiting small satellites. interestingengineering.com(9 February 2023). Retrieved 15 February 2023.
- ↑ Show Me Your Wings: Successful In-flight Demonstration of the ADEO Braking Sail. www.esa.int. Retrieved 15 February 2023.
- ↑ Using flexible organic solar cells in the stratosphere. Science China Press via techxplore.com. Retrieved 28 May 2023.
- ↑ In situ performance and stability tests of large-area flexible polymer solar cells in the 35-km stratospheric environment. National Science Review({Template:Date).
- ↑ Jupiter 3 / EchoStar 24, Krebs, Gunter(6 May 2022). Retrieved 7 May 2022.
- ↑ Falcon Heavy | EchoStar 24 (Jupiter 3). Retrieved 25 July 2023.
- ↑ In a First, Caltech's Space Solar Power Demonstrator Wirelessly Transmits Power in Space. Caltech(1 June 2023).
- ↑ Scientists demonstrate wireless power transmission from space to Earth for first time. The Independent(8 June 2023).
- ↑ Japanese lander enters lunar orbit. Space News(21 March 2023). Retrieved 22 March 2023.
- ↑ Japan's ispace assumes failure in bid to make first commercial moon landing. Reuters(25 April 2023).
- ↑ NASA’s Juno Is Getting Ever Closer to Jupiter’s Moon Io(July 26, 2023). Retrieved July 28, 2023.
- ↑ India's Chandrayaan-3 Successfully Inserted Into Lunar Orbit, Grey, Charles. AIR SPACE News(2023-08-06). Retrieved 2023-08-06.
- ↑ Template:Cite tweet
- ↑ NASA's Lucy Team Announces New Asteroid Target(2023-01-25).
- ↑ NASA Extends Exploration for Two Planetary Science Missions, Talbert, Tricia. NASA(2021-01-08). Retrieved 2021-01-08.
- ↑ NASA's Juno Mission Expands Into the Future. NASA.gov(January 13, 2021). Retrieved January 14, 2021.
- ↑ NASA to Provide Coverage of US Spacewalk, Preview News Conference, Dodson, Gerelle. NASA(2023-01-13). Retrieved 2023-01-14.
- ↑ Astronauts Begin Spacewalk to Prep for Station Power Upgrades, Lavelle, Heidi. blogs.nasa.gov(20 January 2023). Retrieved 2023-01-20.
- ↑ Spacewalkers Wrap Up First Spacewalk of 2023, Garcia, Mark. blogs.nasa.gov(20 January 2023). Retrieved 2023-01-20.
- ↑ Astronauts Begin Spacewalk to Continue Power System Upgrades, Lavelle, Heidi. blogs.nasa.gov(2 February 2023). Retrieved 2023-02-02.
- ↑ Spacewalkers Complete Construction Job to Upgrade Station Power, Garcia, Mark. blogs.nasa.gov(2 February 2023). Retrieved 2023-02-02.
- ↑ 《面对面》揭秘神十五乘组四次出舱细节. Weixin Official Accounts Platform. Retrieved 2023-08-17.
- ↑ China's Shenzhou 15 astronauts take their 1st spacewalk outside Tiangong space station (video). Space.com(10 February 2023). Retrieved 10 February 2023.
- ↑ 《面对面》揭秘神十五乘组四次出舱细节. Weixin Official Accounts Platform. Retrieved 2023-08-17.
- ↑ 官方｜神舟十五号乘组刷新中国航天员单个乘组出舱活动纪录 工程全线加紧备战空间站应用与发展阶段首次飞行任务. Weixin Official Accounts Platform. Retrieved 2023-04-16.
- ↑ 《面对面》揭秘神十五乘组四次出舱细节. Weixin Official Accounts Platform. Retrieved 2023-08-17.
- ↑ 官方｜神舟十五号乘组刷新中国航天员单个乘组出舱活动纪录 工程全线加紧备战空间站应用与发展阶段首次飞行任务. Weixin Official Accounts Platform. Retrieved 2023-04-16.
- ↑ 官方｜神舟十五号乘组刷新中国航天员单个乘组出舱活动纪录 工程全线加紧备战空间站应用与发展阶段首次飞行任务. Weixin Official Accounts Platform. Retrieved 2023-04-16.
- ↑ Botany, Heart Research Ahead of Dragon Departure and Spacewalks, Garcia, Mark. blogs.nasa.gov(10 April 2023). Retrieved 2023-04-11.
- ↑ NASA Sets Coverage of Spacewalk, News Conference for Station Upgrades, Donaldson, Abbey. nasa.gov. NASA(17 April 2023). Retrieved 25 April 2023.
- ↑ Astronauts Begin Spacewalk to Upgrade Station Power, Garcia, Mark. blogs.nasa.gov(28 April 2023). Retrieved 2023-04-28.
- ↑ Astronauts Wrap Up Spacewalk for Station Power Upgrades, Garcia, Mark. blogs.nasa.gov(28 April 2023). Retrieved 2023-04-28.
- ↑ Russian spacewalk to move airlock outside space station postponed. Space.com(2023-04-24). Retrieved 2023-04-25.
- ↑ Cosmonauts Prep for Wednesday Spacewalk as Astronauts Relax, Garcia, Mark. blogs.nasa.gov(1 May 2023). Retrieved 2023-05-01.
- ↑ Cosmonauts Begin Spacewalk to Move Experiment Airlock, Garcia, Mark. blogs.nasa.gov(3 May 2023). Retrieved 2023-05-03.
- ↑ Cosmonauts Move Experiment Airlock and Complete Spacewalk, Garcia, Mark. blogs.nasa.gov(3 May 2023). Retrieved 2023-05-04.
- ↑ Cosmonauts Begin Spacewalk to Deploy Radiator, Graf, Abigail. blogs.nasa.gov(12 May 2023). Retrieved 2023-05-12.
- ↑ Cosmonauts Deploy Radiator and Complete Spacewalk, Garcia, Mark. blogs.nasa.gov(12 May 2023). Retrieved 2023-05-12.
- ↑ NASA Astronauts Begin Spacewalk to Install Solar Array, Garcia, Mark. blogs.nasa.gov(2023-06-09). Retrieved 2023-06-10.
- ↑ NASA Spacewalkers Complete Solar Array Installation, Garcia, Mark. blogs.nasa.gov(2023-06-09). Retrieved 2023-06-10.
- ↑ Astronauts Begin Spacewalk to Install Roll-Out Solar Array, Garcia, Mark. blogs.nasa.gov(2023-06-15). Retrieved 2023-06-15.
- ↑ NASA Spacewalkers Finish Installing Roll-Out Solar Array, Garcia, Mark. blogs.nasa.gov(2023-06-15). Retrieved 2023-06-15.
- ↑ Cosmonauts Begin Spacewalk to Replace Station Hardware, Garcia, Mark. blogs.nasa.gov(2023-06-22). Retrieved 2023-06-22.
- ↑ Cosmonauts Finish Spacewalk After Replacing Station Hardware, Garcia, Mark. blogs.nasa.gov(2023-06-22). Retrieved 2023-06-22.
- ↑ China's Shenzhou 16 astronauts complete 1st spacewalk (video). Space. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
- ↑ NASA Sets Coverage of Roscosmos Spacewalk Outside Space Station, Bardan, Roxana. NASA(2023-08-07). Retrieved 2023-08-07.
- ↑ Cosmonauts Begin Spacewalk for Station Upgrade Work, Garcia, Mark. blogs.nasa.gov(2023-08-09). Retrieved 2023-08-09.
- ↑ Cosmonauts Finish Spacewalk Installing Shields and Relocating Hardware, Garcia, Mark. blogs.nasa.gov(2023-08-09). Retrieved 2023-08-10.
- ↑ Template:Cite tweet
- ↑ Template:Cite tweet
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- ↑ {{{title}}}. NHK(31 January 2023). Retrieved 2 February 2023.
- ↑ Template:Cite tweet
- ↑ Vulcan Centaur on schedule for first launch in 2022 as New Glenn slips. SpaceNews(23 March 2022). Retrieved 24 March 2022.
- ↑ Vulcan aces engine test, but upper stage anomaly will delay launch for a while "Working corrective action and retest.", Berger, Eric(14 June 2023). Retrieved 14 June 2023.