Template:Infobox weather eventTemplate:Infobox weather event/IMDTemplate:Infobox weather event/JTWCTemplate:Infobox weather event/EffectsTemplate:Infobox weather event/Footer The 1984 Sriharikota cyclone, officially named Tropical Cyclone 03B, was the worst to hit the central east coast of India in seven years. Its erratic movement along the coast of Andhra Pradesh brought intense flooding in the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu, resulting in 604 fatalities. The short-lived storm was the most powerful of the 1984 North Indian Ocean cyclone season.
Background
In 1984, the North Indian Ocean saw two uneventful cyclones prior to November 9. Tropical Cyclone OIA formed in late May, which developed over the western Arabian Sea. This storm tracked west-southwest and into the Gulf of Aden. It struck about Template:Cvt west of Berbera, Somalia, where it quickly dissipated. Cyclone OIA is the first documented and one of a few tropical cyclones to transit the Gulf of Aden since space satellites began tracking in 1966.[1] There were no casualties or damage.[2]
On October 12, Tropical Cyclone 02B developed in the north-central Bay of Bengal. Due to the presence of Tropical Storm Susan in the South China Sea, it could not develop into a stronger storm. It followed a north–northwest path. The storm made landfall about Template:Cvt south of Balasore, where it rapidly weakened and eventually dissipated. Heavy rains were reported but the storm did not cause damage.[2]
Meteorological history
Template:Storm path Tropical Cyclone 03B developed as a low-pressure area over the south-central Bay of Bengal on the morning of November 9. The storm intensified into a deep depression in the evening. It followed a west-northwestward path, becoming a tropical storm on November 10 and a cyclone on the 11th. By the evening, it had become a severe cyclonic storm. A break in the ridge brought it northward, where steering currents collapsed on 13th. The storm traveled north on the 12th, where a Template:Cvt-wide eye was observed via satellite. The storm maintained a mostly stationary position during the 13th. After attaining peak winds of Template:Cvt, the cyclone looped slowly to the west and crossed Sriharikota in southern Andhra Pradesh on the 14th. It gradually dissipated on the 15th.[2][3]
Impact
The cyclone's intensification, stall and erratic movements occurred very close to the coast,[3] which resulted in prolonged torrential rain and flooding.[2] A total of 604 people died.[4] Flooding affected a large area of Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. A storm surge of Template:Cvt hit the nearby village of Durgarajupatnam which led to coastal inundation up to Template:Cvt from the coast. Nearly 1,00,000 livestock were killed and 400,000 houses were destroyed in Andhra Pradesh. A Template:Cvt surge was recorded near Gudur. In nearby Tamil Nadu, the storm brought moderate damage and killed 54 people.
In Andhra Pradesh, over 200 villages were submerged by floodwaters. Thousands of trees were uprooted. Roads and bridges were damaged while rail and electrical services were disrupted.[5] More than 70 villages around Pulicat Lake area were submerged under Template:Cvt of water. The rough surges drowned several hundred cattle and 37 residents. There were unconfirmed reports that a village at the shore was buried along with its residents by large amounts of sand.[6]
Seventeen people died in Chennai, and 60,000 individuals who lived in huts became homeless. The cyclone was described as the worst since 1977 in the Nellore district. There, 816 villages across a Template:Cvt area were struck by heavy winds up to Template:Cvt. More than 270 people died before rescuers from the Indian army arrived. Another 150,000 were made homeless. About Template:Cvt north of Chennai, towers and electrical poles at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre on Sriharikota island were ripped out.[5] Villages and their residents in northern Tamil Nadu and the south Andhra Pradesh coast were left in extreme conditions. A survivor recalled having to cling onto a tree for two days to escape the water.[6]
Response
Six satellites were operating during the duration of the storm which provided warning to the area. This was in response to the 1977 cyclone, hence the death toll was lower this time. Many AIADMK ministers from Tamil Nadu had moved to New Delhi to attend to electoral matters with the Congress when the cyclone struck. Officials, food and other emergency supplies were rushed to four districts, including Nellore prior to the cyclone's arrival. Rescue operstions took place as soon as the storm subsided.[6] After the disaster, Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi ordered an assessment team to evaluate the damage in the affected states. N. T. Rama Rao and Prime Minister Gandhi participated in an aerial survey of the area. Prime Minister Gandhi later allocated ₹100 million for relief efforts.[6]
References
- ↑ Rare Tropical Cyclone in the Gulf of Aden. National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration(18 May 2018). Retrieved 22 August 2022.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Template:Cite report
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Satellite and radar study of Sriharikota severe cyclonic storm of November 1984. Mausam({Template:Date).
- ↑ Advances in Tropical Meteorology: Meteorology and National Development{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}. Concept Publishing Company(1996). ISBN 8170225329
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 India Cyclone Nov 1984 UNDRO Information Reports 1 - 2. ReliefWeb(20 November 1984). Retrieved 22 August 2022.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 37 people drown, many rendered homeless as cyclone hits Tamil Nadu. India Today(15 December 1984). Retrieved 22 August 2022.
Further reading
- Cyclone track prediction using INSAT data. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences - Earth and Planetary Sciences({Template:Date).