| All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | |
|---|---|
|
| |
| Abbreviation | AIADMK |
| President | |
| Founder | M. G. Ramachandran |
| General Secretary | Edappadi K. Palaniswami
(Interim) |
| Working President | |
Template:Dravidian politics-col
The All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (Template:Translation; Template:Small AIADMK) is an Indian regional political party which has a major influence in the state of Tamil Nadu and union territory of Puducherry. It is currently the main opposition party in Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly and part of the National Democratic Alliance.[1] AIADMK is a dravidian party founded by M. G. Ramachandran (M.G.R.) at Madurai on 17 October 1972 as a breakaway faction from the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam after M. Karunanidhi expelled him from the party for asking for accounts as party treasurer.[2] The party is adhering to the socio-democratic and social justice principles based of C. N. Annadurai collectively coined as Annaism by MGR.[3][4]
From 9 February 1989 to 5 December 2016, AIADMK was led by J. Jayalalithaa, who served 3 times as the chief minister of Tamil Nadu on several occasions. The party has won majorities in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly seven times, making it the most successful political outfit in the state's history. J. Jayalalithaa was known as the "Mother of AIADMK" and was highly popular among the Tamil populace until her death in 2016 .[5]
The headquarters of the party is called Amma Anbu Maaligai, which is located at Avvai Shanmugam Salai, Royapettah, Chennai, Tamil Nadu. The erstwhile Llyods road building was donated to the party in 1986 by V. N. Janaki Ramachandran, M.G.R's wife.[6]
Ideology and policies
The AIADMK sought to depoliticize the education policy of the government by not insisting that education be the Tamil language. Policies of AIADMK were targeted to the poorer segments of Tamil society – poor, rickshaw pullers, and destitute women and centralizing the massive noon meal scheme for children.[7][8] There was ambivalence toward the reservation policy and interests of farmers.[8]
The AIADMK posted an array of welfare schemes targeting the human development index of the state. AIADMK has schemes listed in the election manifestos covering segments of the population including fishermen, farmers, and school children. Till the 2000s, the parties had welfare schemes like maternity assistance, subsidized public transport, and educational grants. After the 2000s, the parties started competing at an increasing level for the distribution of consumer goods. The AIADMK government distributed free cycles to class 11 and class 12 students during its tenure of 2001–06. The DMK, in competition, promised free color televisions in its manifesto in 2006 assembly elections. The competition continued during the 2011 assembly elections when both parties announced free laptops for schools students and grinders mixers and fans for public.[9]
Culture
- The party remains firm on its support for the "two language policy", in opposition to centre demands to have Hindi as the sole lingua franca language, where Tamil and English are the two main languages of Tamil Nadu.[10]
- The party provides Rs. 1 lakh for temples of local deities in 2016.[11]
Economy
In the spring of 2019, the party lauded the economic policies of the Modi government (BJP), stating that the centre had ushered in economic stability and made the country a "decisive player" in regional economics, and voiced support for the Goods and Services Tax (GST) which had been opposed by their rival the DMK.[12]
Environment and nature
- The AIADMK was one of two parties, along with BJP, not to voice opposition against a ban of cattle slaughter through the national Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act. It has however sought an exemption in the Act over traditional bull fighting;[13] the party supports popular opinion in Tamil Nadu that traditional bull fighting, known as Jallikattu, should not be banned by the centre due to a ruling by the APEX court against animal cruelty.[14] During the controversy, both major parties of the state called for animal-rights organisation PETA to be banned.[15]
- AIADMK opposes the building of the Cauvery Dam which could reduce water flows into Tamil Nadu and negatively affect quality-of-live for residents and agriculture.[16]
History
M. G. Ramachandran era (17 October 1972 – 24 December 1987)
The party was founded in 1972 as Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (ADMK) by M. G. Ramachandran, a veteran Tamil film star and popular politician. It was set up as a breakaway faction of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) led by M. Karunanidhi, then Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, owing to personal differences between the two.[17] Later, M.G.R prefixed the All India (AI) tag to the party's name to save himself from IT raids and protect the party during MISA (Emergency).[18] Since its inception, the relationship between the AIADMK and DMK has been marked by mutual contempt. M.G.R used his fan network to build the party cadre with claims his party recruited more than a million members in the first two months. C. N. Annadurai's ideologue and movie mogul R. M. Veerappan was the key architect in unifying the M.G.R fan clubs and further consolidating the party structure in the 70s. Other key leaders such as Nanjil K. Manoharan and S. D. Somasundaram played major roles in consolidation.[19] The party's first victories were the Dindigul parliamentary by-election in 1973 and the Coimbatore West assembly bye-election a year later.[19] On 2 April 1973, AIADMK emerged as the third largest political party in Tamil Nadu, represented by 11 MLAs in the assembly. By 31 January 1976, AIADMK emerged as the second largest political party in Tamil Nadu with 16 MLAs in the assembly. AIADMK grew close to the Congress Party by supporting the National Emergency between 1975 and 1977.
The DMK-led government was dismissed by a Central promulgation on corruption charges in 1976. The AIADMK swept to power in 1977, defeating the DMK in the assembly elections. M.G.R was sworn in as the 3rd Chief Minister of the Tamil Nadu on 30 June 1977. M.G.R remained in power until his death on 24 December 1987, winning consecutive assembly elections held in 1977, 1980 and 1984.[17] In 1979, AIADMK became the first Dravidian and regional party to be part of the Union Cabinet, when two AIADMK MP's, Sathyavani Muthu and Aravinda Bala Pajanor, joined the short-lived Chaudhary Charan Singh Ministry which followed the Morarji Desai-led Janata Party government (1977–1979).[18]
Relations between the Congress and the AIADMK slowly became strained. In the mid-term parliamentary elections of January 1980, the Congress aligned with the DMK and the alliance won 37 out of the 39 state parliamentary seats. The AIADMK won just two seats.[20] After returning to power, the new prime minister, Indira Gandhi, dismissed a number of state governments belonging to the opposition parties, including the AIADMK government.
Elections to the state assembly were held in late May 1980 with the opposition DMK continuing the electoral alliance with the Congress. In a massive reversal of fortunes following the Lok Sabha elections, the AIADMK won a comfortable majority in the state assembly with 129 of 234 seat. MGR was sworn in as chief minister for the second time on 9 June 1980.[20]
In 1984, even with M.G.R's failing health and hospitalization, the party won the assembly elections in alliance with the Congress. Many political historians consider M.G.R's persona and charisma at this point of time as "infallible", and a logical continuation of his on-screen "good lad" image, strengthened by his "mythical status" in the minds of the masses.[21] M.G.R continued to enjoy popular support in his third tenure until his death on 24 December 1987.[21]
Succession crisis (25 December 1987 – 6 February 1989)
Following M.G.R's death, his wife, actress-turned-politician V. N. Janaki Ramachandran, rose to the party's leadership under support of R. M. Veerappan and 98 MLAs. She led the government for 23 days as the state's 1st woman chief minister from 7 January 1988 until the state assembly was suspended on 30 January 1988 and President's rule imposed. The party began to crumble due to infighting and broke into two factions, one under V. N. Janaki Ramachandran and the other under J. Jayalalithaa, an associate of MGR and another film actress-turned-politician who had starred with MGR. The 1989 assembly election saw the DMK regain power after 12 years in the opposition with M. Karunanidhi returning as the Chief Minister for the third time. AIADMK, due to its split, suffered heavily in the elections, with the Janaki and Jayalalithaa factions winning only 2 and 27 seats respectively.[21] Following AIADMK's rout in the elections, the factions led by Jayalalithaa and Janaki merged under the former's leadership. The DMK government was dismissed in 1991 by the Central Government led by Prime Minister Chandra Shekhar, an ally of the AIADMK at that time, on charges that the constitutional machinery in the state had broken down.
J. Jayalalithaa era (9 February 1989 – 5 December 2016)
The AIADMK allied with the Congress and swept to power in the 1991 assembly election under the leadership of J. Jayalalithaa who became the second female chief minister and the 5th chief minister of the state. Political observers have ascribed the landslide victory to the anti-incumbent wave arising out of the assassination of the former prime minister Rajiv Gandhi[21] by suspected Tamil separatists fighting for a homeland in neighbouring Sri Lanka. The ensuing government, was accused of large-scale corruption, but Jayalalithaa held on to power for a full term of five years. In the 1996 assembly election, AIADMK continued its alliance with the Congress but suffered a massive rout, winning only four out of the 234 assembly seats, with even Jayalalithaa losing from Bargur.[22][23]
The AIADMK formed an alliance with the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and Vaiko's Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (MDMK), another breakaway faction of the DMK, during the parliamentary elections in 1998.[22] AIADMK shared power with the BJP in the Atal Bihari Vajpayee headed government between 1998 and 1999,[18] but withdrew support in early 1999, leading to the fall of the BJP government. Following this, the AIADMK once again allied with the Congress.
In the 2001 assembly election, the AIADMK-led alliance, consisting of the Congress, the Tamil Maanila Congress (TMC), the Left Front and the Pattali Makkal Katchi (PMK), regained power, winning 197 seats, with AIADMK winning 132.[24] Due to the proceedings in a disproportionate assets case which occurred in her previous tenure, Jayalalithaa was prevented from holding office. O. Panneerselvam, a close confidant of Jayalalithaa was appointed as the Chief Minister for the second time on 21 September 2001. Once the Supreme Court overturned Jayalalithaa's conviction and sentence in the case, O Panneerselvam resigned on 2 March 2002, and Jayalalithaa was again sworn in as Chief Minister for the third time.[24]
Unlike her first term, her second term was not marred by corruption scandals. She took many popular decisions such as banning of lottery tickets, restricting the liquor and sand quarrying business to government agencies and banning tobacco product sales near schools and colleges. She encouraged women to join the state police force by setting up all women-police stations and commissioning 150 women into the elite level police commandos in 2003, a first in India. The women had the same training as men and included handling weapons, detection and disposal of bombs, driving, horseriding, and adventure sports.[25] She sent a special task force to the Sathyamangalam forests in October 2004 to hunt down notorious sandalwood smuggler Veerappan. The operation was successful as Veerappan was finally killed by the task force on 18 October 2004.
However, despite the popular measures taken by the government, in the 2004 Lok Sabha election, the party, in alliance with the BJP again, was humiliated, winning none of the 39 Lok Sabha seats from the state. The Democratic Progressive Alliance (DPA), a DMK-led alliance consisting of all the major opposition parties in the state, swept the election.
Later, in the 2006 assembly election, in spite of media speculations of a hung assembly, the AIADMK, contesting with only the support of MDMK and a few other smaller parties, won 61 seats compared to the DMK's 96 and was pushed out of power by the DMK-led congressional alliance of the PMK and the Left Front. The AIADMK's electoral reversals continued in the 2009 Lok Sabha election. However, the party's performance was better than its debacle in 2004, and it managed to win nine seats.
Following widespread corruption and allegations of nepotism against the DMK government, in the 2011 assembly election, the party, in alliance with parties like the left and actor-turned-politician Vijayakanth's Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam (DMDK), swept the polls, winning 202 seats, with the AIADMK winning 150. Jayalalithaa was sworn in as Chief Minister for the fourth time.[24]
In the Union territory of Puducherry, the AIADMK allied with N. Rangaswamy's All India N.R. Congress (AINRC) and won the 2011 assembly election, which was held in parallel with the Tamil Nadu assembly election. However, it did not join the newly elected AINRC-led government. The AIADMK's good electoral performance continued in the 2014 Lok Sabha election. Contesting without allies, the AIADMK won an unprecedented 37 out of 39 seats in the state of Tamil Nadu, emerged as the third-largest party in parliament.
On 27 September 2014, Jayalalithaa was convicted in the Disproportionate assets case by a Special Court along with her associates Sasikala Natarajan, Ilavarasi and V. N. Sudhakaran, and sentenced to four-year simple imprisonment. Jayalalithaa was also fined Template:INR100 crores and her associates were fined Template:INR10 crore each. The case had political implications as it was the first case where a ruling chief minister had to step down on account of a court sentence.[26]
Due to her resignation O. Panneerselvam was sworn in as Chief Minister on 29 September 2014.[27] Jayalalithaa was denied bail by the High Court and moved the Supreme Court for bail. The Supreme Court granted bail on 17 October 2014. On 11 May 2015, the high court of Karnataka said she was acquitted from that case, and was again sworn in as Chief Minister for the fifth time.
In the 2016 assembly election contesting without allies, the AIADMK swept the polls, winning 135 out of 234 seats. On 23 May 2016, Jayalalithaa was sworn in as Chief Minister for the sixth time.[24]
On 22 September 2016, she was admitted to Apollo Hospital, Chennai due to fever and dehydration. After a prolonged illness, she died on 5 December 2016.
Expansion beyond Tamil Nadu and Puducherry
Under Jayalalithaa's regime, All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam spread beyond Tamil Nadu and Puducherry. State units are established in Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and Kerala. The party floated 29 candidates across the state of Kerala in the 2006 assembly election and had contested on its own.
In Karnataka, All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam had members in the state assembly until 2004 and has influence in the Tamil-speaking areas of Bangalore and Kolar. The party has a following in places like National Capital Territory of Delhi, Mumbai and Kolkata in India and also in countries where Tamil people are present.
V. K. Sasikala and T. T. V. Dhinakaran era (16 December 2016 – 20 August 2017)
After her death on 5 December 2016, Jayalalithaa's long-time friend V. K. Sasikala was selected unanimously as the General Secretary of the party on 16 December 2016.[28][29] On February 5, 2017, she was selected as the leader of the legislative assembly as chief minister. O. Panneerselvam rebelled against V. K. Sasikala and reported that he had been compelled to resign as Chief Minister, bringing in a new twist to Tamil Nadu Politics. Due to a conviction in Disproportionate assets case against Jayalalithaa, V.K.Sasikala was sentenced to 4 years imprisonment in the Bengaluru Central Prison. Before that, she appointed Edappadi K. Palaniswami as legislative party leader (Chief Minister).
She also appointed her nephew and former Treasurer of the party Mr. T. T. V. Dhinakaran as the deputy general secretary of AIADMK party. With the support of 123 MLAs, Edappadi K. Palaniswami became chief minister of Tamil Nadu.
On 23 March 2017, the election commission of India gave separate party symbols to the two factions; O. Panneerselvam's faction known as AIADMK (PURATCHI THALAIVI AMMA), while Edappadi K. Palaniswami's faction known as AIADMK (AMMA).
By-polls were announced at the RK Nagar constituency which was vacated due to Jayalalithaa's death. But, the election commission canceled the by-polls after evidence of large-scale bribing by the ruling AIADMK (AMMA) surfaced. On 17 April 2017, Delhi police registered a case against Dhinakaran who was also the candidate for AIADMK (AMMA) for the by-poll at RK Nagar regarding an allegation of attempting to bribe the Election Commission of India (ECI) for the AIADMK's election symbol. However the Tis Hazari Special Court granted him bail on the grounds that the police failed to identify the public official allegedly bribed. T.T.V. Dhinakaran started his party work on 5 August 2017. However, the chief minister Edappadi K. Palaniswami had a fallout with Dhinakaran and announced that the appointment of T.T.V. Dinakaran as deputy general secretary was invalid. So T.T.V. Dhinakaran claims that's " We are the real AIADMK and 95% of its cadres are with us ".
Edappadi K. Palaniswami and O. Panneerselvam era (21 August 2017 – 6 May 2021)
On 21 August 2017, both EPS and OPS factions of the AIADMK merged and O. Panneerselvam was sworn in as the Deputy Chief Minister, Finance Minister of Tamil Nadu and the convener of AIADMK. He also holds portfolios of Housing, Rural Housing, Housing Development, Slum Clearance Board and Accommodation Control, Town Planning, Urban Development, and Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority.[30] On 4 January 2018, O. Panneerselvam was elected Leader of the House in Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly.
A day after the merger of two AIADMK factions, 19 MLAs[31] owing allegiance to ousted deputy general secretary T. T. V. Dhinakaran on 22 April 2017 submitted letters to Governor, expressing lack of confidence in Chief Minister Edappadi K. Palaniswami and withdrawing support from the government.[31] 18 out of those 19 MLAs were disqualified from Office by the Speaker of Legislature upon recommendation from AIADMK Chief Whip. After a prolonged legal battle, the Speaker's orders were upheld by the High Court of Chennai and by-elections were alongside the Parliament general elections. The election commission of India on 23 November 2017 granted the two leaves symbol to the EPS and OPS camp.
Legal Fight for the party by V. K. Sasikala and T. T. V. Dhinakaran (24 November 2017 – 6 May 2021)
After that V. K. Sasikala and T. T. V. Dhinakaran had appealed to the Delhi High Court and they rejected their appeal and said that EPS and OPS camp are original AIADMK.
After that T. T. V. Dhinakaran had also appealed to the Supreme Court of India on March 15, the bench of Chief Justice of India has also rejected his appeal against the judgement made by Delhi High Court in favour of EPS and OPS camp.
Criticism
Being a popular actor, MGR's fan clubs became a source for electoral mobilization. The head of his fan club, R. M. Veerappan, became a lieutenant, and fellow actress J. Jayalalithaa was groomed as a possible heir apparent.[32] There was a near administrative collapse during MGR's rule, and the state's rank in industrial production dropped from 3rd in the nation in 1977 to 13th position in 1987.[32] Populist schemes that consumed two-thirds of the state's budget resulted in long-term economic costs.[32] MGR was running a centralized administration which caused a severe toll on the state administration during his extended period of illness.[33]
Personality cult
Jayalalithaa was also accused of creating a personality cult, with fans and party activists calling her 'Amma' ('mother' in Tamil). Her face adorned food canteens, pharmacies, salt packets, laptop computers, baby care kits, bottled water, medicine shops and cement bags. Following her imprisonment on 27 September 2014, her supporters held protests and wept openly. Her replacement, the party's former minister O. Panneerselvam, also wept during his inauguration, with colleagues saying they were in mourning.[34] Due to the centralized leadership of Jayalalithaa, the state of Tamil Nadu experienced policy paralysis, with most legislators and party cadres protesting against her conviction with hunger fasts, road and rail blockades.[35][36] The entire Cabinet would fall in line and bow in front of the helicopter in which it was flying. Members of the party, at all levels never found it difficult to prostrate before her in full view of the public.[37] Even after her death, the AIADMK leaders continued to prostrate themselves before her burial ground.[38][39]
Debt crisis
The overall debt burden of Tamil Nadu is expected to reach more than ₹ 5 lakh crore by March 31, 2022 during the AIADMK government.[40] Under Jayalalithaa and the AIADMK tenure, the State debt as percentage of GSDP was about 5% increase in 2011. It was 16.92% in 2011–12. It was 21.83% as of April 2021 during the K. Eddapadi's government.[41] The opposition criticized the financial mismanagement by the AIADMK who left a ₹ 62,000 per head for each person of the state. The opposition criticized that the entire debt of the state government in the 2006–11 DMK regime was only Rs 44,000 crore, but the AIADMK regime has made a debt of ₹ 3.55 lakh crore.[42] The overall debt the AIADMK government left behind as of March 31, 2021 is estimated to be ₹ 4,85,502.54 crore and as on March 31, 2022, it is estimated to be ₹ 5,70,189.29 crore.[43]
Electoral performance
Indian general elections
State legislative assembly elections
| Election Year | Party leader | Seats contested | Seats won | Change in seats | Percentage of votes | Vote swing | Popular vote | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1977 Election | M. G. Ramachandran | 2 | Template:Composition bar | No Changes | 0.02% | Template:Steady | 2,114 | Template:Lost |
| 1980 Election | M. G. Ramachandran | 1 | Template:Composition bar | No Changes | 0.00% | Template:Decrease 0.02% | 224 | Template:Lost |
| 2006 Election | J. Jayalalithaa | 29 | Template:Composition bar | No Changes | 0.12% | Template:Increase 0.12% | 19,078 | Template:Lost |
| 2011 Election | J. Jayalalithaa | 4 | Template:Composition bar | No Changes | 0.01% | Template:Decrease 0.11% | 2,448 | Template:Lost |
| 2016 Election | J. Jayalalithaa | 7 | Template:Composition bar | No Changes | 0.17% | Template:Increase 0.16% | 33,440 | Template:Lost |
| 2021 Election | Edappadi K. Palaniswami | 1 | Template:Composition bar | No Changes | 0.05% | Template:Decrease 0.12% | 10,376 | Template:Lost |
| Election Year | Party leader | Seats contested | Seats won | Change in seats | Percentage of votes | Vote swing | Popular vote | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1978 Election | M. G. Ramachandran | 9 | Template:Composition bar | No Changes | 0.19% | Template:Steady | 38,691 | Template:Lost |
| 1994 Election | J. Jayalalithaa | 2 | Template:Composition bar | No Changes | 0.05% | Template:Decrease 0.14% | 14,251 | Template:Lost |
| 1999 Election | J. Jayalalithaa | 5 | Template:Composition bar | No Changes | 0.02% | Template:Decrease 0.03% | 7,281 | Template:Lost |
Leaders in legislature
| S.No | Member | Position in government |
|---|---|---|
| 1. | Edappadi K. Palaniswami | Leader of the Opposition |
| 2. | O. Panneerselvam | Deputy Leader of the Opposition |
| 3. | S. P. Velumani | Chief Whip |
| 4. | S. Ravi | Deputy Whip |
Prominent members
| S.No | Member | Position in government | Party position |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | O. Panneerselvam | Deputy Leader of the Opposition | Coordinator and Treasurer |
| 2 | Edappadi K. Palaniswami | Leader of the Opposition | Joint Coordinator and Headquarters Secretary |
| 3. | K. P. Munusamy | MLA, Former Minister | Deputy Coordinator |
| 4. | R. Vaithilingam | MLA, Former Minister | Deputy Coordinator |
| 5. | Vacant | Presidium Chairman |
11–member steering committee
| S.No | Member | Position in government | Party position |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Dindigul C. Sreenivasan | MLA, Former Minister | Organizing Secretary |
| 2 | S. P. Velumani | MLA, Former Minister | Organizing Secretary |
| 3 | P. Thangamani | MLA, Former Minister | Organizing Secretary |
| 4 | D. Jayakumar | Former Minister | Organizing Secretary |
| 5 | C. V. Shanmugam | Former Minister | Organizing Secretary |
| 6 | R. Kamaraj | MLA, Former Minister | Organizing Secretary |
| 7 | J. C. D. Prabhakar | Former MLA | Organizing Secretary, Spokesperson |
| 8 | P. H. Manoj Pandian | MLA | Organizing Secretary |
| 9 | P. Mohan | Former Minister | Organizing Secretary |
| 10 | R. Gopalakrishnan | Former MP | Electoral Division Joint Secretary |
| 11 | K. Manickam | Former MLA | – |
Other senior leaders
| S.No | Member | Position in government | Party position |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | K. A. Sengottaiyan | MLA, Former Minister | Organizing Secretary, Former Presidium Chairman |
| 2 | B. Valarmathi | Former Minister | AIADMK Literature Wing Secretary |
| 3 | Panruti S. Ramachandran | Former Minister | Organizing Secretary |
| 4 | C. Ponnaiyan | Former Minister | Founding member of AIADMK, Organizing Secretary |
| 5 | M. Thambidurai | Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha, Former Union Minister, Former Lok Sabha Deputy Speaker | Propaganda Secretary |
| 6 | P. Dhanapal | MLA, Former Speaker | – |
| 7 | S. R. Balasubramaniam | Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha | – |
| 7 | Vindhya | – | Deputy Propaganda Secretary |
Puducherry unit
| S.No | Member | Position in government | Party position |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A. Anbazhagan | Former MLA | State Secretary (East) |
| 2 | Om Sakthi Sekar | Former MLA | - |
| 3 | N. Gokulakrishnan | Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha | - |
Karnataka unit
| S.No | Member | Party Position |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | S.D.Kumar |
State Secretary |
Kerala unit
| S.No | Member | Party Position |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Shobakumar |
State Secretary |
List of general secretaries of the party
| S.No | Portrait | Name Template:Small |
Tenure |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | File:MG Ramachandran 2017 stamp of India.jpg | M. G. Ramachandran (1917–1987) |
17 October 1972 – 22 June 1978 17 October 1986 – 24 December 1987 |
| 2 | File:No image available.svg | V. R. Nedunchezhiyan (1920–2000) |
23 June 1978 – 13 January 1979 (Acting) 14 January 1979 – 10 June 1980 25 December 1987 – 8 February 1989 |
| 3 | P. U. Shanmugam (1924–2007) |
11 June 1980 – 13 March 1985 | |
| 4 | File:No image available.svg | S. Raghavanandam | 14 March 1985 – 16 October 1986 |
| 5 | File:J Jayalalithaa.jpg | J. Jayalalithaa (1948–2016) |
9 February 1989 – 5 December 2016 |
| 6 | File:No image available.svg | V. K. Sasikala (1954–) |
29 December 2016 – 12 September 2017 (Interim) (The Party's General Council sacked V.K.Sasikala as party's interim General Secretary. The party’s General Council decided that there will be no general secretary any longer and that late chief minister J. Jayalalithaa will remain the ‘eternal General Secretary' of the party. Since then, the post remains vacant and new posts of Coordinator and Joint-Coordinator were created to lead the party) |
List of Presidium Chairmen of the party
| S.No | Name Template:Small |
Tenure |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | E.V.A. Vallimuthu | No info on tenure |
| 2 | V. R. Nedunchezhiyan (1920–2000) |
No info on tenure |
| 3 | Pulamaipithan (1935-) |
No info on tenure |
| 4 | C. Ponnaiyan (1942-) |
2001 - 2006 |
| 5 | K. Kalimuthu (1942-2006) |
Mar 2006 - Nov 2006 |
| 6 | E. Madhusudhnan (1942-2021) |
2007 - 2017 |
| 7 | K. A. Sengottaiyan (1948-) |
Feb 2017 - Aug 2017 |
| 8 | E. Madhusudhnan (1942-2021) |
2017 - 2021 |
Coordinators
| S.No | Portrait | Coordinator | Tenure |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | File:O. Panneerselvam.jpg | Template:Ubl | 13 September 2017 - Present |
| 2 | File:Palanisamy.jpg | Edappadi K. Palaniswami Template:Smaller |
13 September 2017 - Present |
Deputy coordinators
| S.No | Member | Tenure |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | K. P. Munusamy Template:Smaller |
13 September 2017 - Present |
| 2 | R. Vaithilingam Template:Smaller |
13 September 2017 - Present |
List of chief ministers
| S.No | Portrait | Name Template:Small |
Tenure | Days |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | File:MG Ramachandran 2017 stamp of India.jpg | M. G. Ramachandran (1917–1987) |
30 June 1977 – 17 February 1980 9 June 1980 – 24 December 1987 |
3716 days |
| Acting | File:No image available.svg | V. R. Nedunchezhiyan (1920–2000) |
24 December 1987 – 7 January 1988 | 14 days |
| 2 | File:VNJanaki.jpg | V. N. Janaki Ramachandran (1923–1996) |
7 January 1988 – 30 January 1988 | 23 days |
| 3 | File:J Jayalalithaa.jpg | J. Jayalalithaa (1948–2016) |
24 June 1991 – 12 May 1996 14 May 2001 – 21 September 2001 2 March 2002 – 12 May 2006 16 May 2011 – 27 September 2014 23 May 2015 – 5 December 2016 |
5238 days |
| 4 | File:O. Panneerselvam.jpg | O. Panneerselvam (1951–) |
21 September 2001 – 2 March 2002 28 September 2014 – 23 May 2015 5 December 2016 – 15 February 2017 |
Expression error: Unrecognized punctuation character "[". days |
| 5 | File:Palanisamy.jpg | Edappadi K. Palaniswami (1954–) |
16 February 2017 – 6 May 2021 | Template:Age in days days |
Chief Minister of Pondicherry:
| S.No | Name Template:Small |
Tenure | Days |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Subramanyan Ramaswamy (1939–2017) |
6 March 1974 – 28 March 1974 2 July 1977 – 12 November 1978 |
520 days |
Deputy Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu:
| S.No | Portrait | Name Template:Small |
Tenure | Days |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | File:O. Panneerselvam.jpg | O. Panneerselvam (1951–) |
21 August 2017 – 6 May 2021 | Template:Age in days days |
List of leaders of the opposition
Leader of the Opposition in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly
| S.No | Portrait | Name Template:Small |
Tenure | Days |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | File:J Jayalalithaa.jpg | J. Jayalalithaa (1948–2016) |
9 February 1989 – 30 November 1989 29 May 2006 – 14 May 2011 |
2105 days |
| 2 | File:S.R.Radha.jpg | S. R. Eradha (1934–2020) |
1 December 1989 – 18 January 1991 | 413 days |
| 3 | File:O. Panneerselvam.jpg | O. Panneerselvam (1951–) |
19 May 2006 – 28 May 2006 | 9 days |
| 4 | File:Palanisamy.jpg | Edappadi K. Palaniswami (1954–) |
11 May 2021 – Incumbent | Template:Age in days days |
List of union ministers
References
- ↑ Tamil Nadu pact sealed, brings AIADMK back to NDA fold. Hindustan Times(2019-02-19). Retrieved 2021-05-07.
- ↑ Karunanidhi and MGR: A checkered friendship, and a lesson in civility and empathy. The News Minute(7 August 2018).
- ↑ When Annaism sought de-mon. The new indian express(2017-08-15).
- ↑ Jayalalithaa changed face of Dravidian politics. Deccan Chronicle(2016-12-06).
- ↑ Extended 'Mothers' Day' for AIADMK cadre as 'Amma' Jayalalithaa walks free. Business Standard India(2015-05-11). Retrieved 2019-10-03.
- ↑ Honour V.N. Janaki's memory, family requests govt.. The Hindu(2020-11-30).
- ↑ പനീർസെൽവത്തിന് ചിഹ്നം വൈദ്യുതി പോസ്റ്റ്, ശശികല പക്ഷത്തിന് തൊപ്പി. ManoramaOnline.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Sinha 2005, p. 107
- ↑ Routledge Handbook of Indian Politics{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}. Routledge(2013). ISBN 9781135122744
- ↑ AIADMK firm on two-language policy | Chennai News – Times of India. The Times of India. Retrieved 2019-11-26.
- ↑ Highlights of AIADMK manifesto. The Hindu(2016-05-05). Retrieved 2019-11-26.
- ↑ AIADMK lauds economic reforms of Modi government – Times of India. The Times of India. Retrieved 2019-11-26.
- ↑ TN parties condemn Centre's new 'cattle slaughter' rules, AIADMK maintains stoic silence, Thirumurthy, Priyanka. The News Minute(27 May 2017). Retrieved 2019-11-26.
- ↑ AIADMK MPs meet Environment Minister over Jallikattu. The New Indian Express. Retrieved 2019-11-26.
- ↑ 'We will rein in PETA,' promises AIADMK chief Sasikala. The News Minute(18 January 2017). Retrieved 2019-11-26.
- ↑ Stop Mekedatu dam on river Cauvery, says AIADMK MP. The Hindu(2019-06-29). Retrieved 2019-11-26.
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 Kohli 1990, p. 157
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 Rana 2006, p. 400
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 Murali 2007, p. 81
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 Murali 2007, p. 82
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 Murali 2007, p. 83
- ↑ 22.0 22.1 Murali 2007, p. 84
- ↑ Murali 2007, p. 87
- ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 24.3 List of Chief Ministers of Tamil Nadu from 1920.
- ↑ Indian women join elite police. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
- ↑ Jayalalithaa Gets 4 Years Jail Term in Assets Case, Has to Step Down as CM, Variyar, Mugdha.
- ↑ Jaya moves HC against conviction, Panneerselvam sworn in(29 September 2014).
- ↑ AIADMK appoints "Chinnamma" VK Sasikala as party chief(29 December 2016).
- ↑ V.K. Sasikala appointed as AIADMK general secretary. The Hindu(29 December 2016).
- ↑ AIADMK merger: Panneerselvam is Deputy CM, gets finance portfolio(21 August 2017).
- ↑ 31.0 31.1 19 pro-Dhinakaran MLAs withdraw support to Palaniswami, Jesudasan, Dennis S.(22 August 2017).
- ↑ 32.0 32.1 32.2 Kohli 1990, p. 162
- ↑ Kohli 1990, p. 163
- ↑ The downfall of India's 'Mother' politician(3 October 2014).
- ↑ AIADMK cadre observe fast, hold rail roko, Sivaraman, R.(30 September 2014).
- ↑ Jayalalithaa stays in jail, protests continue to rage in Tamil Nadu(1 October 2014).
- ↑ The enduring enigma that was Jayalalithaa. The Hindu(6 December 2016). Retrieved 7 August 2020.
- ↑ For all her political success, it's time to admit Jayalalithaa was no Amma. Hindustan Times(17 February 2017). Retrieved 7 August 2020.
- ↑ Jayalalithaa's 'Tainted' Legacy and Where AIADMK Goes From Here, Sudhir, T. S.. TheQuint(4 December 2017). Retrieved 7 August 2020.
- ↑ TN reports higher debt and fiscal deficit in 2021 budget, experts say 'no reason for panic'. The News Minute(2021-02-23). Retrieved 2021-04-04.
- ↑ Freebie Culture Of DMK, AIADMK Defies Basic Tenets of Dravidian Ideology(2021-04-04). Retrieved 2021-04-04.
- ↑ Rs 5.7 lakh cr debt on people due to mismanagement, charges LoP. dtNext.in(2021-02-24). Retrieved 2021-04-04.
- ↑ TN interim budget: Debt may touch Rs 5.70 lakh crore by March 2022, OPS attributes it to pandemic. The New Indian Express. Retrieved 2021-04-04.
- ↑ Tamil Nadu Assembly Election Results. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
- ↑ Puducherry Assembly Election Results. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
- ↑ Karnataka Assembly Election Results. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
- ↑ Kerala Assembly Election Results. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
- ↑ Andhra Pradesh Assembly Election Results. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
- Electoral politics and general elections in India, 1952–1998. Mittal Publication..
- Democracy and discontent: India's growing crisis of governability. Cambridge University Press..
- India votes: Lok Sabha & Vidhan Sabha elections 2001–2005. Sarup & Sons..
- Tracing the signs: Voter mobilization and the functionality of ideas in .....
- The regional roots of developmental politics in India: a divided leviathan. Indiana University Press..
- Uproot Hindutva: the fiery voice of the liberation panthers..
- Jaya Network. Jaya Network. Retrieved 17 January 2012.
- Dr. Namathu MGR. Dr. Namathu MGR. Retrieved 17 January 2012.
External links
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