The 1991 Kerala Legislative Assembly election was held on 18 June 1991 to elect members to the Niyamasabha. The incumbent LDF government, which was in power from 1987, decided to seek a fresh mandate one year ahead of the expiry of its term. The decision was prompted by the announcement of the elections to the Lok Sabha and the Front's good showing in the elections to the local bodies held in the previous year.
The elections saw the LDF losing power and the UDF returning to power after four years. K. Karunakaran, the leader of the UDF alliance, was sworn in as the Chief Minister of the state on 24 June 1991.[1][2][3][4][5][6]
This was the final election in which the two major fronts were led by K. Karunakaran and E.K. Nayanar respectively.
Results
Kerala Assembly Election Results in 1991.[7][8][9][10]
| |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Seats | ||||||||
| Indian National Congress (INC) | 55 | ||||||||
| Communist Party of Indian (Marxist) (CPM) | 28 | ||||||||
| Muslim League (MUL) | 19 | ||||||||
| Communist Party of India (CPI) | 12 | ||||||||
| Kerala Congress (M) (KCM) | 10 | ||||||||
| Janata Dal (JD) | 3 | ||||||||
| Indian Congress (Socialist-Sarat Chandra Sinha) ICS(SCS) | 2 | ||||||||
| Revolutionary Socialist Party (RSP) | 2 | ||||||||
| National Democratic Party (NDP) | 2 | ||||||||
| Kerala Congress (KEC) | 1 | ||||||||
| Communist Marxist Party (CMP) | 1 | ||||||||
| Communist Marxist Party of India (CPM)(K) | 1 | ||||||||
| Independent (IND) | 4 | ||||||||
| Total | 140 | ||||||||
| Sl No. | Constituency Name | Category | Winner Candidates Name | Gender | Party | Vote | Runner-up Candidates Name | Gender | Party | vote | Margin | Winner |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Manjeshwar | GEN | Cherkalam Abdullah | M | MUL | 29603 | K.G. Marar | M | BJP | 28531 | 1072 | IUML |
| 2 | Kasaragod[15] | GEN | C.T. Ahamdali | M | MUL | 39143 | Sri Krishna Bhat | M | BJP | 24269 | 14874 | IUML |
| 3 | Udma | GEN | P. Raghavan[16] | M | CPI(M) | 47169 | K.Po. Kunhikannan | M | INC | 46212 | 957 | CPI(M) |
| 4 | Hosdrug[17] | (SC) | M. Narayanan | M | CPI | 60536 | Kottara Vasudev | M | INC | 53858 | 6678 | CPI |
| 5 | Trikaripur | GEN | E.K. Nayanar | M | CPM | 69437 | Sreedharan C.K. | M | INC | 55105 | 14332 | CPI(M) |
| 6 | Irikkur | GEN | K.C. Joseph | M | INC | 62395 | Goorge Sebastian | M | KEC | 45647 | 16748 | INC |
| 7 | Payyannur | GEN | C.P. Narayanan | M | CPM | 66530 | M.P. Murali | M | INC | 48365 | 18165 | CPI(M) |
| 8 | Taliparamba | GEN | Pacheni Kunhiaraman | M | CPM | 65973 | M.K. Raghavan | M | INC | 55273 | 10700 | CPI(M) |
| 9 | Azhikode | GEN | E.P. Jayarajan | M | CPM | 51466 | C.P. Moosankutty | M | CPM(K) | 43757 | 7709 | CPI(M) |
| 10 | Cannanore | GEN | N. Ramakrishnan | M | INC | 51742 | A.K. Saseendran | M | ICS(SCS) | 36937 | 14805 | INC |
| 11 | Edakkad | GEN | O. Bharathan | M | CPM | 54965 | K. Ssudhakaran | M | INC | 54746 | 219 | CPI(M) |
| 12 | Tellicherry | GEN | K.P. Mamoo Master | M | CPM | 48936 | A.D. Mustaffa | M | INC | 41550 | 7386 | CPI(M) |
| 13 | Peringalam | GEN | K.M. Sooppy | M | MUL | 49183 | P.R. Karup | M | JD | 47534 | 1649 | IUML |
| 14 | Kuthuparamba | GEN | Pinaray Vijayan | M | CPM | 58842 | P. Ramakrishnan | M | INC | 45782 | 13060 | CPI(M) |
| 15 | Peravoor | GEN | K.P. Noorudheen | M | INC | 60212 | Ramachandran Kadannapally | M | ICS(SCS) | 51834 | 8378 | INC |
| 16 | North Wynad | (ST) | K. Raghavan Master | M | INC | 50685 | K.C. Kuniharaman | M | CPM | 43150 | 7475 | INC |
| 17 | Badagara | GEN | K. Chandrasekharan | M | JD | 59820 | K.C. Abu | M | INC | 47336 | 12484 | JD |
| 18 | Nadapuram | GEN | Satyyan Mokeri | M | CPI | 60053 | P. Shaduli | M | MUL | 52427 | 7626 | CPI |
| 19 | Meppayur | GEN | A. Kanaran | M | CPM | 58362 | Kadameri Balakrishnan | M | INC | 49038 | 9324 | CPI(M) |
| 20 | Quilandy | GEN | M.T. Padma | F | INC[18] | 56642 | C. Kunhamed | M | CPI | 54139 | 2503 | INC |
| 21 | Perambra | GEN | N.K. Radha | F | CPM | 58978 | K.A. Devassia | M | KEC | 54562 | 4416 | CPI(M) |
| 22 | Balusseri | GEN | A.C. Shanmukhadas | M | ICS(SCS) | 52470 | P. Shankaran | M | INC | 42758 | 9712 | ICS |
| 23 | Koduvally | GEN | P.V. Mohammed | M | MUL | 51793 | C. Mohasin | M | JD | 51395 | 398 | IUML |
| 24 | Calicut- I | GEN | A. Sujanapal | M | INC | 53079 | M. Dasan | M | CPM | 49319 | 3760 | INC |
| 25 | Calicut- II | GEN | M.K. Muneer | M | MUL | 52779 | C.P. Kunhu | M | CPM | 48896 | 3883 | IUML |
| 26 | Beypore | GEN | T.K. Hamza | M | CPM[19] | 66683 | K. Madhavan Kutty | M | IND | 60413 | 6270 | CPI(M) |
| 27 | Kunnamangalam | (SC) | C.P. Balan Vudiar | M | CPM | 47946 | A. Balaram | M | INC | 46788 | 1158 | CPI(M) |
| 28 | Thiruvambady | GEN | A.V. Abdurahimanhat | M | MUL | 50767 | P. Cyriac John | M | ICS(SCS) | 44665 | 6102 | IUML |
| 29 | Kalpetta | GEN | K.K. Ramachandran Master | M | INC | 46488 | K.K. Hemza | M | JD | 42696 | 3792 | INC |
| 30 | Sultan'S Battery | GEN | K.C. Rosakutty | F | INC | 53050 | Varghese Vaidyar | M | CPM | 50544 | 2506 | INC |
| 31 | Wandoor | (SC) | Pandalam Sudhakaran | M | INC | 53104 | Kunnath Velayudhan | M | CPM | 45509 | 7595 | INC |
| 32 | Nilambur | GEN | Aryadan Muhammed | M | INC | 60558 | K. Abdurahiman Master | M | IND | 52874 | 7684 | INC |
| 33 | Manjeri | GEN | Ishaque Kurikkal | M | MUL | 57717 | K.P. Mohammed | M | JD | 35286 | 22431 | IUML |
| 34 | Malappuram | GEN | Yoonus Kunju | M | MUL | 49713 | Sebastian J. Kaloor | M | ICS(SCS) | 22604 | 27109 | IUML |
| 35 | Kondotty | GEN | K. Abu | M | MUL[20] | 54042 | Madathil Mohammedaji | M | JD | 33178 | 20864 | IUML |
| 36 | Tirurangadi | GEN | V.A. Beeran Sahib | M | MUL | 47223 | M. Rahmathulla | M | CPI | 28021 | 19202 | IUML |
| 37 | Tanur | GEN | P. Seethi Haji | M | MUL | 47424 | M. Mohamed Master | M | CPM | 21577 | 25847 | IUML |
| 38 | Tirur | GEN | E.T. Mohamed Basheer | MUL | 52489 | Kuruiyan Syed | M | ICS(SCS) | 39984 | 12505 | IUML | |
| 39 | Ponnani | GEN | E.K. Imbichibava | M | CPM | 49264 | P.T. Mohankrishnan | M | INC | 44180 | 5084 | CPI(M) |
| 40 | Kuttippuram | GEN | P.K. Kunhalikutty | M | MUL | 44865 | V.P. Sakkariya | M | CPM | 22539 | 22326 | IUML |
| 41 | Mankada | GEN | K.P.A. Majeed | M | MUL | 48605 | K. Ummer Master | M | CPM | 42645 | 5960 | IUML |
| 42 | Perinthalmanna | GEN | Sooppy Nalakath | M | MUL | 49766 | M.M. Mustafa | M | IND | 42827 | 6939 | IUML |
| 43 | Thrithala[21] | (SC) | E. Sankaran | M | CPM | 46187 | K.P. Raman Master | M | MUL | 40602 | 5585 | CPI(M) |
| 44 | Pattambi | GEN | K.E. Esmail | M | CPI | 43351 | Leela Damodara Memon | F | INC | 39681 | 3670 | CPI |
| 45 | Ottapalam | GEN | V.C. Kabeer Master | M | ICS(SCS) | 42771 | K. Sankaranarayanan | M | INC | 38501 | 4270 | ICS |
| 46 | Sreekrishnapuram | GEN | P. Balan | M | INC | 51864 | E.M. Sreedharan | M | CPM | 50166 | 1698 | INC |
| 47 | Mannarkkad | GEN | Kalladi Mohammed | M | MUL | 53884 | P. Kumaran | M | CPI | 49414 | 4470 | IUML |
| 48 | Malampuzha | GEN | T. Sivadasa Menon | M | CPM | 50361 | V. Krishnadas | M | CPM(K) | 32370 | 17991 | CPI(M) |
| 49 | Palghat | GEN | C.M. Sundaram | M | INC | 41432 | M.S. Gopalakirshnan | M | CPM | 37925 | 3507 | INC |
| 50 | Chittur | GEN | K. Krishnankutty | M | JD | 47281 | K.A. Chandran | M | INC | 44170 | 3111 | JD |
| 51 | Kollengode | GEN | T. Chathu | M | CPM | 47058 | A, Ramaswamy | M | INC | 45853 | 1205 | CPI(M) |
| 52 | Coyalmannam | (SC) | M. Naryannan | M | CPM | 50315 | M. Ayyappan Master | M | INC | 42597 | 7718 | CPI(M) |
| 53 | Alathur | GEN | A.V. Gopinathan | M | INC | 49512 | V. Sukumaran Master | M | CPM | 49174 | 338 | INC |
| 54 | Chelakara | (SC) | M.P. Thami | M | INC | 47790 | C. Kuttappan | M | CPM | 43429 | 4361 | INC |
| 55 | Wadakkanchery | GEN | K.S. Narayanan Namboodiri | M | INC | 51414 | K. Mohandas | M | KEC | 43773 | 7641 | INC |
| 56 | Kunnamkulam | GEN | T.V. Chandramohan | M | INC | 53099 | K.P. Aravindhakshan | M | CPM | 50344 | 2755 | INC |
| 57 | Cherpu | GEN | V.V. Raghavan | M | CPI | 50767 | M.K. Abdul Salam | M | INC | 46309 | 4458 | CPI |
| 58 | Trichur | GEN | Therambil Ramakrishnan | M | INC | 53190 | E.K. Menon | M | CPM | 45899 | 7291 | INC |
| 59 | Ollur | GEN | P.P. George | M | INC | 57910 | A.M. Paraman | M | CPI | 52669 | 5241 | INC |
| 60 | Kodakara | GEN | K. P. Viswanathan | M | INC | 49971 | P.R. Rajan | M | CPM | 48360 | 1611 | INC |
| 61 | Chalakudi | GEN | Rosamma Chacko | F | INC | 49482 | Jose Painadath | M | JD | 42742 | 6740 | INC |
| 62 | Mala | GEN | K. Karunakaran | M | INC | 50966 | V.K. Rajan | M | CPI | 48492 | 2474 | INC |
| 63 | Irinjalakuda | GEN | Lonappan Nambadan | M | IND | 53351 | A.L. Sebastian | M | KCM | 43927 | 9424 | IND |
| 64 | Manalur | GEN | V.M. Sudheeran | M | INC | 45930 | K.F. Davis | M | CPM | 40414 | 5516 | INC |
| 65 | Guruvayoor | GEN | P.M. Abubacker | M | MUL | 40496 | K.K. Kammu | M | IND | 34820 | 5676 | IUML |
| 66 | Nattika | GEN | Krishnan Kaniyamparabil | M | CPI | 44762 | Raghvan Pozhakadavil | M | INC | 43596 | 1166 | CPI |
| 67 | Kodungallur | GEN | Meenakshy Thampan | F | CPI | 53542 | T.A. Ahammed Kabeer | M | MUL | 42353 | 11189 | CPI |
| 68 | Ankamali | GEN | P.J. Joy | M | INC | 60441 | M.V. Mani | M | KEC | 52843 | 7598 | INC |
| 69 | Vadakkekara | GEN | S. Sarma | M | CPM | 52897 | M.I. Shanavas | M | INC | 52100 | 797 | CPI(M) |
| 70 | Parur | GEN | P.Raju | M | CPI | 43551 | Karthav | M | IND | 40719 | 2832 | CPI |
| 71 | Narakkal | (SC) | K. Kunjambu | M | INC | 49102 | V.K. Babu | M | ICS(SCS) | 45555 | 3547 | INC |
| Bye Polls | Narakkal | (SC) | V.K.Babu | M | INC | Unconsted | INC | |||||
| 72 | Ernakulam | GEN | George Eden | M | INC | 54263 | Everest Chammany | M | IND | 43441 | 10822 | INC |
| 73 | Mattancherry | GEN | M.J. Zakaria | M | MUL[22] | 33736 | Jerson Kalappurakkal | M | IND | 24796 | 8940 | IUML |
| 74 | Palluruthy | GEN | Dominic Presentation | M | INC | 60001 | T.P. Peethabaran Master | M | ICS(SCS) | 52527 | 7474 | INC |
| 75 | Thrippunithura | GEN | K. Babu | M | INC | 63887 | M.M. Lawrance | M | CPM | 58941 | 4946 | INC |
| 76 | Alwaye | GEN | K. Mohamed Ali | M | INC | 64837 | T.O. Khathir Pillai | M | CPM | 56266 | 8571 | INC |
| 77 | Perumbavoor | GEN | P.P. Thankachan | M | INC | 52494 | Alumkal Devassy | M | JD | 49183 | 3311 | INC |
| 78 | Kunnathunad | GEN | T.H. Musthafa | M | INC | 56094 | Rukhiya Beevi Ali | F | IND | 48626 | 7468 | INC |
| 79 | Piravom | GEN | T.M. Jacob | M | KCM | 53751 | Gopi Kottamurickal | M | CPM | 50804 | 2947 | KCM |
| 80 | Muvattupuzha | GEN | Johny Nelloor | M | KCM | 51783 | A.V. Issac | M | IND | 48004 | 3779 | KCM |
| 81 | Kothamangalam | GEN | V.J. Faulose | M | INC | 51862 | T.M. Paily | M | IND | 44490 | 7372 | INC |
| 82 | Thodupuzha | GEN | P.T. Thomas | M | INC | 55666 | P.J. Joseph | M | KEC | 54574 | 1092 | INC |
| 83 | Devicolam | (SC) | K. Moni Alias A.K. Moni | M | INC | 51801 | S. Sundramanickam | M | CPM | 44859 | 6942 | INC |
| 84 | Idukki | GEN | Mathew Stephen | M | KCM[23] | 52559 | Johny Poomattom | M | KEC | 48881 | 3678 | KCM |
| 85 | Udumbanchola | GEN | E.M. Augusthy | M | INC | 59843 | M. Jinadevan | M | CPM | 56469 | 3354 | INC |
| 86 | Peermade | GEN | K.K. Thomas | M | INC | 46868 | C.A. Kurian | M | CPI | 41827 | 5041 | INC |
| 87 | Kanjirappally | GEN | Geoge J. Mathew | M | INC | 45973 | K.J. Thomas | M | CPM | 44815 | 1158 | INC |
| 88 | Vazhoor | GEN | K. Narayana Karup | M | KCM | 43354 | Kanam Rajendran | M | CPI | 40804 | 2550 | KCM |
| 89 | Changanacherry | GEN | C.F. Thomas | M | KCM | 53742 | M.T. Joseph | M | CPM | 41965 | 11777 | KCM |
| 90 | Kottayam | GEN | T.K. Ramakrishnan | M | CPM | 54182 | Cherian Philip | M | INC | 51500 | 2682 | CPI(M) |
| 91 | Ettumanoor | GEN | Thomas Chazihikadan | M | KCM | 49233 | Vaikom Viswan | M | CPM | 48347 | 886 | KCM |
| 92 | Puthuppally | GEN | Oommen Chandy | M | INC | 56150 | Vasavan | M | CPM | 42339 | 13811 | INC |
| 93 | Poonjar | GEN | Joy Abraham | M | KCM | 43936 | N.M. Joseph | M | JD | 33518 | 10418 | KCM |
| 94 | Palai | GEN | K.M. Mani | M | KCM | 52310 | George C. Kappan | M | IND | 35021 | 17289 | KCM |
| 95 | Kaduthuruthy | GEN | P.M. Mathew | M | KCM | 50324 | E.J. Lukose | M | KEC | 36592 | 13732 | KCM |
| 96 | Vaikom[24] | (SC) | K.K. Balakrishnan | M | INC[25] | 50692 | K.P. Sreedharan | M | CPI | 49654 | 1038 | INC |
| 97 | Aroor | GEN | K.R. Gouri Amma | F | CPM | 56230 | P.J. Francis | M | INC | 52613 | 3617 | CPI(M) |
| 98 | Sherthalai | GEN | C.K. Chandrappan | M | CPI | 50844 | Vayalar Ravi | M | INC | 49853 | 991 | CPI |
| 99 | Mararikulam | GEN | V.S. Achuthanandan | M | CPM | 71470 | D. Sugathan | M | INC | 61490 | 9980 | CPI(M) |
| 100 | Alleppey | GEN | K.P. Ramachandran Nair | M | NDP | 42269 | P.S. Somasekhara | M | CPI | 41519 | 750 | NDP |
| 101 | Ambalapuzha | GEN | C.K. Sadasivan | M | CPM | 48150 | V. Dinakaran | M | INC | 46617 | 1533 | CPI(M) |
| 102 | Kuttanad | GEN | K.C. Joseph | M | KEC | 45669 | P.D. Luke | M | KCM | 36673 | 8996 | KEC |
| 103 | Haripad | GEN | K.K. Sreenivasan | M | INC | 52891 | A.V. Thamarakshan | M | RSP | 52376 | 515 | INC |
| 104 | Kayamkulam | GEN | Thachady Prabhakaran | M | INC | 46682 | M.R. Gopalakrishnan | M | CPM | 46649 | 33 | INC |
| 105 | Thiruvalla | GEN | Mammen Mathai | M | KCM | 35843 | Mathew T. Thomas | M | JD | 33950 | 1893 | KCM |
| 106 | Kallooppara | GEN | Joseph M. Puthussery | M | IND | 35524 | T.S. John | M | KEC | 30288 | 5236 | IND |
| 107 | Aranmula | GEN | R. Ramachandran Nair | M | NDP | 37534 | C.A. Mathew | M | ICS(SCS) | 32128 | 5406 | NDP |
| 108 | Chengannur | GEN | Sobhana George | F | INC | 40208 | Mammen Iype | M | ICS(SCS) | 36761 | 3447 | INC |
| 109 | Mavelikara | GEN | M. Murali | M | INC | 50292 | S. Govinda Kurup | M | CPM | 44322 | 5970 | INC |
| 110 | Pandalam | (SC) | V. Kisavan | M | CPM | 52768 | M.A. Kuttappan | M | INC | 51210 | 1558 | CPI(M) |
| 111 | Ranni | GEN | M.C. Cheriyan Moozhickal | M | INC | 41048 | Idiculla Mappila | M | CPM | 38809 | 2239 | INC |
| 112 | Pathanamthitta | GEN | K.K. Nair | M | IND | 47367 | Eapen Varughese | M | KEC | 29899 | 17468 | IND |
| 113 | Konni | GEN | A. Padma Kumar | M | CPM | 42531 | C.P. Ramachandran Nair | M | IND | 41615 | 916 | CPI(M) |
| 114 | Pathanapuram | GEN | K. Prakash Babu | M | CPI | 50295 | Vakkanand Radhakrishnan | M | KCM | 44267 | 6028 | CPI |
| 115 | Punalur | GEN | Punalur Madhu | M | INC | 53050 | Mullakkara Ratnakaran | M | CPI | 51738 | 1312 | INC |
| 116 | Chadayamangalam | GEN | E. Rajendran | M | CPI | 46025 | A. Hidur Mohammed | M | INC | 40986 | 5039 | CPI |
| 117 | Kottarakkara | GEN | R. Balakrishna Pillai | M | IND | 47122 | George Mathew | M | CPM | 41707 | 5421 | IND |
| 118 | Neduvathur | (SC) | B. Raghavan | M | CPM | 49296 | N. Narayanan | M | INC | 42112 | 7184 | CPI(M) |
| 119 | Adoor | GEN | Thiruvanchoor Radhakrishnan | M | INC | 44147 | R. Unnikrishna Pillai | M | CPM | 38380 | 5767 | INC |
| 120 | Kunnathur | (SC) | T. Nanoomaster | M | RSP | 56064 | V. Sasidharan | M | INC | 53462 | 2602 | RSP |
| 121 | Karunagappally | GEN | P.S Sreenivasan | M | CPI | 53576 | Jameela Ibrahim | F | INC | 47326 | 6250 | CPI |
| 122 | Chavara | GEN | Baby John | M | RSP | 51249 | Prathapa Varma Thampan | M | INC | 46925 | 4324 | RSP |
| 123 | Kundara | GEN | Alphonsa John | F | INC | 46447 | J. Mercykutty Amma | F | CPM | 45075 | 1372 | INC |
| 124 | Quilon | GEN | Kadavoor Sivadasan | M | INC | 48307 | Babu Divakaran | M | RSP | 43831 | 4476 | INC |
| 125 | Eravipuram | GEN | P.K.K. Bava | M | MUL | 55972 | V.P. Ramakrishna Pillai | M | IND | 55350 | 422 | IUML |
| 126 | Chathanoor | GEN | C.V. Padmarajan | M | INC | 53755 | P. Ravindran | M | CPI | 49244 | 4511 | INC |
| 127 | Varkala | GEN | Varkala Radhakrishnan | M | CPM | 42977 | Varkala Kahar | M | INC | 39680 | 3297 | CPI(M) |
| 128 | Attingal | GEN | T. Saratchandra Prasad | M | INC | 41964 | Anathalavattom Anadan | M | CPM | 41527 | 437 | INC |
| 129 | Kilimanoor | (SC) | N. Rajan | M | CPI | 51937 | Thankappan | M | INC | 47882 | 4055 | CPI |
| 130 | Vamanapuram | GEN | Kolaikode N. Krishna Nair | M | CPM | 52248 | R.M. Parameswaran | M | INC | 50882 | 1366 | CPI(M) |
| 131 | Ariyanad | GEN | G. Karihikeyan | M | INC | 44302 | K. Pankajakshan | M | RSP | 40822 | 3480 | INC |
| 132 | Nedumangad | GEN | Palode Ravi | M | INC | 54678 | K. Govinda Pillai | M | CPI | 53739 | 939 | INC |
| 133 | Kazhakuttam | GEN | M.V. Raghavan | M | CPM(K) | 51243 | A. Nabeesaummal | F | CPM | 50554 | 689 | CPM(K) |
| 134 | Trivandrum North | GEN | M. Vijaya Kumar | M | CPM | 52865 | T. Raveendtan Thampi | M | NDP | 52525 | 340 | CPI(M) |
| 135 | Trivandrum West | GEN | M.M. Hassan | M | INC | 43620 | Antony Raju | M | KEC | 35121 | 8499 | INC |
| 136 | Trivandrum East | GEN | B. Vijaya Kumar | M | INC | 41230 | K. Sankaranaraya Pillai | M | ICS(SCS) | 33302 | 8018 | INC |
| 137 | Nemom | GEN | V.J. Thankappan | M | CPM | 47063 | Stanly Sathyanesan | M | CPM(K) | 40201 | 6862 | CPI(M) |
| 138 | Kovalam | GEN | A. Neela Lohitha Dajan Kadar | M | JD | 49515 | George Maserine | M | INC | 49494 | 21 | JD |
| 139 | Neyyattinkara | GEN | Thampanoor Ravi | M | INC | 49016 | S.R. Thanka Raj | M | JD | 47042 | 1974 | INC |
| 140 | Parassala | GEN | M.R. Raghu Chandra Bal | M | INC | 48423 | Sathyanesan | M | CPM | 40788 | 7635 | INC |
References
- ↑ Kerala Assembly Elections 1991-- brief backgrounder. www.keralaassembly.org. Retrieved 2020-09-01.
- ↑ Kerala Elections, 1991: Lessons and Non-Lessons. Economic and Political Weekly({Template:Date).
- ↑ History of kerala legislature – Government of Kerala, India. kerala.gov.in. Retrieved 21 August 2019.
- ↑ Electoral History. Official Website of Kerala Chief Minister. Retrieved 21 August 2019.
- ↑ Oommen Chandy Biography: Family, Political Career, Criticisms & Awards. Who-is-who(3 February 2018). Retrieved 21 August 2019.
- ↑ The Politics of India Since Independence{{#if:Brass|, Brass}. Cambridge University Press(8 September 1994). ISBN 9780521459709
- ↑ Kerala Assembly Election Results in 1991. www.elections.in. Retrieved 21 August 2019.
- ↑ CEO Kerala :: Election History. www.ceo.kerala.gov.in. Retrieved 21 August 2019.
- ↑ Kerala Assembly Election 1991: Summary. www.keralaassembly.org. Retrieved 21 August 2019.
- ↑ Online Thesis Search Results. www.mgutheses.in. Retrieved 21 August 2019.
- ↑ Statistical Report on General Election, 1991 to the Legislative Assembly of Kerala. ceo.kerala.gov.in.
- ↑ STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1991 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF KERELA{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}. ELECTION COMMISSION OF INDIA(1992)
- ↑ Kerala Assembly Election Results in 1991. www.elections.in. Retrieved 12 April 2019.
- ↑ ASSEMBLY ELECTIONS 1957 – 2016(Kerala), Sushanth. data-analytics.github.io. Retrieved 21 August 2019.
- ↑ This is O Rajagopal, BJP's first legislator ever in Kerala. The Indian Express(19 May 2016). Retrieved 21 August 2019.
- ↑ Politics of Congress Factionalism in Kerala Since 1982{{#if:Kurup|, Kurup}. Gyan Publishing House(2004). ISBN 9788178352848
- ↑ Economic planning in Kerala. Critical Asian Studies({Template:Date).
- ↑ "Red Spring" for the left in India's Kerala state, Prashad, Vijay. People's World(14 June 2016). Retrieved 21 August 2019.
- ↑ Kerala assembly elections: Oommen Chandy hopes to create history by retaining power. Business Standard India(11 May 2016). Retrieved 21 August 2019.
- ↑ kerala results. archives.peoplesdemocracy.in. Retrieved 21 August 2019.
- ↑ Record 13th win for K M Mani. The Times of India. Retrieved 21 August 2019.
- ↑ Handbook of General Elections and Electoral Reforms in India, 1952–1999{{#if:Ahuja|, Ahuja}. Mittal Publications(2000). ISBN 9788170997665
- ↑ Lok Sabha polls 2019: Full list of Congress-led UDF's candidates in Kerala. www.thenewsminute.com(21 March 2019). Retrieved 21 August 2019.
- ↑ Pinarayi Vijayan sworn-in as Chief Minister of Kerala. Jagranjosh.com(25 May 2016). Retrieved 21 August 2019.
- ↑ Highest voter turnout in Kottayam since 1991. The Hindu(23 April 2019). Retrieved 21 August 2019.