Template:Pp-extended Template:Use British English
| Indian Union Muslim League | |
|---|---|
|
[[File:|250x250px|frameless|center]] | |
| Abbreviation | IUML |
| President | K. M. Kader Mohideen |
| Founder | M. Muhammad Ismail |
| General Secretary | |
| Working President | |
Indian Union Muslim League (abbreviated as the IUML or Muslim League) is a Muslim political party based in Kerala and Tamil Nadu. It is recognised as a State Party in Kerala by the Election Commission of India.[1]
After the Partition of India, the first Council of the Indian segment of the All-India Muslim League was held on 10 March 1948 at the south Indian city of Madras (now Chennai).[2] The party renamed itself as the 'Indian Union Muslim League' and adopted a new constitution on 1 September 1951.[2]
IUML is a major member of the opposition United Democratic Front, the INC-led pre-poll state level alliance in Kerala.[3][4] Whenever the United Democratic Front rules in Kerala, the party leaders are chosen as important Cabinet Ministers. The party has always had a constant, albeit small, presence in the Indian Parliament.[3] The party is a part of the INDIA in national level.[3] The League first gained a ministry (Minister of State for External Affairs) in Indian Government in 2004.[5]
The party currently has five members in Parliament – E. T. Mohammed Basheer, M. P. Abdussamad Samadani and Kani K. Navas in the Lok Sabha and P. V. Abdul Wahab and Adv. Haris Beeran[6] in the Rajya Sabha – and fifteen members in Kerala State Legislative Assembly.
History
The first Muslim political agency in the region was the Kerala Muslim Majlis formed in 1931. It joined the federal setup of All-India Muslim League later.[7]
After the partition of India in 1947, the All-India Muslim League was virtually disbanded. It was succeeded by the Indian segment of the Muslim League in the new Dominion of India (first session on 10 March 1948 and constitution passed on 1 September 1951).[8] M. Muhammad Ismail, the then President of the Madras unit of the Muslim League was chosen as the Convener of the Indian segment of the party.[2] The Travancore Muslim League (the States' Muslim League) was merged with the Malabar League in November 1956.[2]
Indian Union Muslim League contests General Elections under the Indian Constitution.[8] The party is normally represented by two members in the Indian Lower House (the Lok Sabha).[8] B. Pocker, elected from Malappuram Constituency, was a member of the First Lower House (1952–57) from the Madras Muslim League.[8] The party currently has four members in Parliament.
Apart from Kerala and West Bengal, the League had Legislative Assembly members in Tamil Nadu, Pondicherry, Maharastra, Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh, and Assam.[9] In West Bengal, the League had won Assembly seats in the 1970s, and A. K. A. Hassanussaman was a member of the Ajoy Mukherjee cabinet.[10]
Indian Union Muslim League first gained a ministry in Kerala Government as part of the Communist Party of India Marxist-led United Front in 1967. The party switched fronts in 1969 and formed an alliance with the Congress in 1976.[11][4] It later became a chief constituent in a succession of Indian National Congress-led ministries.[4]
Early years
- First Council of the Indian segment of the Muslim League was held on 10 March 1948 at the south Indian city of Madras (now Chennai).[2]
- On 1 September 1951, the 'Indian Union Muslim League' came into being in Madras (constitution was passed).[2]
- B. Pocker Sahib, elected from Malappuram Constituency, was a member of the first Lok Sabha (1952–57).[8]
- K. M Seethi Sahib served as the Speaker of the Kerala Assembly from 1960 to 1961.[12]
From the 1960s to the 80s
- The League gained a ministry in Kerala Government in 1967 (C. H. Mohammed Koya and M. P. M. Ahammed Kurikkal).[4]
- The League oversaw the creation of the University of Calicut, the second university in Kerala, in 1968.[4]
- Contribution to local government – the League oversaw the creation of Malappuram District in 1969.[4]
- Death of M. Muhammad Ismail (1972) and Bafaqy Thangal (1973).[13] Syed Ummer Bafaqy Thangal rebels against the leadership.[13]
With the Congress Party
- Muslim League formed an alliance with the Congress in 1976.[11]
- C. H. Mohammed Koya served as the Chief Minister of Kerala from 12 October to 1 December 1979.[14]
- Muslim League joined the Congress (Indira)-lead United Democratic Front in 1979/80.
- The 'rebel' Muslim League formed 'All India Muslim League' and joined the Left Front in 1980.[13][15]
- C. H. Mohammed Koya and K. Avukaderkutty Naha served as Deputy Chief Ministers of Kerala in the 1980s.[14]
In the 1990s
- All India Muslim League (AIML) quit the Left Front and merged with the Muslim League in 1985.[16]
- Demolition of the Babri Masjid (1992). Panakkad Syed Mohammed Ali Shihab Thangal made a passionate plea to all the Muslims in Kerala to remain calm.[17] Kerala remained peaceful throughout.[18]
- Ebrahim Sulaiman Sait, then National President, rebelled and formed the Indian National League (INL) in 1994.[19]
- Minister of Education (E. T. Mohammad Basheer) decided to establish the University of Sanskrit (1993) in Kerala.[19][20]
From the 2000s
- Atal Bihari Vajpayee dispatched E. Ahamed to the United Nations (Geneva) to represent India (2004).[19][18]
- Mid-2000s witnessed the Manjeri (2004) and the Kuttippuram-Mankada (2006) defeats.[21]
- The League first gained a ministry (E. Ahamed) in Indian Government (Manmohan Singh Ministry) in 2004.[22]
- Panakkad Syed Mohammed Ali Shihab Thangal died in 2009.[17]
- The League won a record 20 out of the contested 23 seats in the 2011 Assembly Elections.
- The League remains in the Opposition for two consecutive terms (2016 and 2021)
National President of Indian Union Muslim League
| style="background-color: Template:Party color; color:white;" | No. | style="background-color: Template:Party color; color:white;" | Name | style="background-color: Template:Party color; color:white;" | Portrait | style="background-color: Template:Party color; color:white;" | Tenure | style="background-color: Template:Party color; color:white;" | Home State |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | M. Muhammed Ismail | File:M. Muhammad Ismail (Postage Stamp, Government of India).jpg | 10 March 1948 — 5 April 1972 | Tamil Nadu |
| 2 | Bafaqy Thangal | 1972 — 19 January 1973 | Kerala | |
| 3 | Ebrahim Sulaiman Sait | File:Sulaimansait 1.jpg | 1973—1994 | Karnataka |
| 4 | G. M. Banatwala | 1994— 25 June 2008 | Maharashtra | |
| 5 | E. Ahamed | File:The portrait of the Minister of State for Railways, Shri E. Ahammed.jpg | 25 June 2008 — 1 February 2017 | Kerala |
| 6 | K. M. Kader Mohideen | File:Prof. K. M. Kader Mohideen.jpg | 27 February 2017 — present | Tamil Nadu |
.jpg){kind=link}
Ideology
Template:Conservatism in India Template:Blockquote
Composition
| style="background-color: Template:Party color; color:white;" | Designation | style="background-color: Template:Party color; color:white;" | Name |
|---|---|
| Chairman- Political Advisory Committee (PAC) | Sadiq Ali Thangal (Kerala) |
| National President | K. M. Kader Mohideen (Tamil Nadu)[23] |
| Vice Presidents | Iqbal Ahmed (Uttar Pradesh) |
| Dastagir Ibrahim Aga (Karnataka) | |
| National General Secretary | P. K. Kunhalikutty (Kerala)[24] |
| National Organising Secretary | E. T. Mohammed Basheer (Kerala) |
| National Treasurer | P. V. Abdul Wahab (Kerala)[25] |
| Secretaries | Khorrum Anis Omer (Delhi) |
| M. P. Abdussamad Samadani (Kerala) | |
| Jayanthi Rajan (Kerala)[26] | |
| S. Naim Akthar (Bihar) | |
| Siraj Ebrahim Sait (Karnataka) | |
| Assistant Secretaries | Abdul Basith (Tamil Nadu) |
| Kausar Hayat Khan (Uttar Pradesh) |
Organizational structure
- Youth Wing: Muslim Youth League (the Youth League) [1]
- National President: Asif Ansari (New Delhi)
- National Secretary: Najma Thabsheera (Kerala) [27]
- National Council Secretary: Faisal Babu (Kerala)[28]
- National vice President Mufeeda Thesni (Kerala) [27]
- National Secretary: Ch. Ajrudin Advocate (Haryana)
- Kerala State President: Sayyid Munavvar Ali Shihab Thangal
- Kerala State secretary: Fathima Thahiliya[27]
- Kerala State General Secretary: P. K. Firoz
- Students' Wing: Muslim Students Federation (M. S. F.)
- National President: P.V. Ahamed Saju
- National General Secretary: S. H. Muhammed Arshad
- Scheduled Caste Wing: Indian Union Dalit League
- Women's Political Wing: Haritha and Muslim Women's League
- Trade Union Organization (Kerala): Swatantra Thozhilali Union (S.T.U)
- Peasants' Union (Kerala): Swathanthra Karshaka Sangam (Independent Peasants Union)
- Advocates: Lawyers Forum
- Expatriates: Kerala Muslim Cultural Centre (K. M. C. C.)
Kerala Legislative Assembly
Source: http://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/electionhistory.html Template:Webarchive
Early years (1957–1979/80)
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: Template:Party color; color:white;" | Election | style="background-color: Template:Party color; color:white;" | Seats | rowspan="2" style="background-color: Template:Party color; color:white;" | Vote% | rowspan="2" style="background-color: Template:Party color; color:white;" | Government/Opposition | rowspan="2" style="background-color: Template:Party color; color:white;" | Ministers | rowspan="2" style="background-color: Template:Party color; color:white;" | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| style="background-color: Template:Party color; color:white;" |Won (Contested) | |||||
| 1957 | 8 (19)
As independents |
4.72 | Opposition (to Namboodiripad Ministry)
1957–59 |
[15][29] | |
| 1960 | 11 (12) | 5.0 Template:Increase | Government (Pattom Ministry)
1960–62
|
Excluded from the Pattom Ministry[30] | [30][15][31] |
| Abstaining Opposition (to Shankar Ministry)[30]
1962–64 |
[30] | ||||
| 1965 | 6 (16) | 3.71 Template:Decrease | Inconclusive (no government formed)[30] | [31][15] | |
| 1967 | 14 (15) | 6.75 Template:Increase | Government[4] (Namboodiripad Ministry)
1967–69 |
|
[4][31] |
| Government (Achutha Menon Ministry)
1969–70 |
[32] | ||||
| 1970 | 11 (20) | 7.7 Template:Increase | Government (Achutha Menon Ministry)
1970–77 |
|
[32][33] |
| 1977 | 13 (16) | 6.65 Template:Decrease | Government (Karunakaran Ministry)
1977 |
[32][33] | |
| Government (Antony Ministry)
1977–78 |
| ||||
| Government (PKV Ministry)
1978–79 |
|||||
| Government (Koya Ministry)
1979 |
|||||
With the United Democratic Front (1979/80–present)
| Election | Seats | Vote % | Government/Opposition[4] | Ministers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Won (Contested) | ||||
| 1980 | 14 (21) | 7.18 Template:Increase | Opposition (to Nayanar Ministry)
1980–81 | |
| Government (Karunakaran Ministry)
1981–82 |
||||
| 1982 | 14 (18) | 6.17 Template:Decrease | Government (Karunakaran Ministry)
1982–87 |
|
| 1987 | 15 (23) | 7.73 Template:Increase | Opposition
(to Nayanar Ministry) 1987–91 | |
| 1991 | 19 (22) | 7.37 Template:Decrease | Government
(Karunakaran Ministry) 1991–95 |
|
| Government
(Antony Ministry) 1995–96 |
| |||
| 1996 | 13 (23) | 7.19 Template:Decrease | Opposition
(to Nayanar Ministry) 1996–2001 | |
| 2001 | 16 (21) | 7.59 Template:Increase | Government
(Antony Ministry) 2001–2004 |
|
| Government
(Chandy Ministry) 2004–2006 |
| |||
| 2006 | 7 (21) | 7.30 Template:Decrease | Opposition
(to Achuthanandan Ministry) 2006–11 | |
| 2011 | 20 (23) | 7.92 Template:Increase | Government
(Chandy Ministry) 2011–16 |
|
| 2016 | 18 (23) | 7.40 Template:Decrease | Opposition
(to Vijayan Ministry) 2016–2021 | |
| 2021 | 15 (25) | 8.27 Template:Increase | Opposition
(to Vijayan Ministry) | |
Current members
Electoral performance
List of Union Ministers
Members of Parliament
Lok Sabha Members
Rajya Sabha Members
| State | Member | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Madras | M. Muhammad Ismail | 1952–58 |
| Tamil Nadu | A. K. A. Abdul Samad | 1964–70 |
| S. A. Khwaja Mohideen | 1968–74 | |
| A. K. A. Abdul Samad | 1970–76 | |
| A. K. Refaye | 1972–78 | |
| S. A. Khwaja Mohideen | 1974–80 | |
| Kerala | Ebrahim Sulaiman Sait | 1960–66 |
| Abdulla Koya | 1967–73
1974–98 | |
| Hamid Ali Schamnad | 1970–79 | |
| Abdussamad Samadani | 1994–2006 | |
| Korambayil Ahammed | 1998–03 | |
| P. V. Abdul Wahab | 2004–10
2015–present | |
| Adv.Haris Beeran | 2024–present |
List of State Cabinet Ministers
| Sl. No. | Name | Designation | Tenure | Cabinet | Chief Minister | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center; background-color:Template:Party color; color:white;" | | ||||||
| 1 | P. K. Abdu Rabb | Minister for Education | 2011–2016 | Second Oommen Chandy ministry | Oommen Chandy | |
| 2 | Manjalamkuzhi Ali | Minister for Urban Affairs and Minority Welfare | 2012–2016 | Assumed office on 12th April 2012 | ||
| 3 | M. K. Muneer | Minister for Social Welfare and Panchayats | 2011–2016 | |||
| 4 | V. K. Ebrahimkunju | Minister for Public Works | 2011–2016 | |||
| 5 | P. K. Kunhalikutty | Minister for Industries, IT, Trade & Commerce, Mining & Geology, Wakf & Haj Affairs | 2011–2016 | # Minister for Industries and Information Technology (with effect from 12 April 2012 )
Hold the portfolio of urban affairs from 18th May, 2011 to 12 April 2012[43] | ||
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center; background-color:Template:Party color; color:white;" | | ||||||
| 1 | Kutty Ahammed Kutty | Minister for Local Self Government | 2004–2006 | First Oommen Chandy ministry | Oommen Chandy | |
| 2 | E. T. Muhammed Basheer | Minister for Education | 2004–2006 | |||
| 3 | P. K. Kunhalikutty | Minister for Industries and Social Welfare | 2004–2005 | Assumed office on 31st August, 2004 AN
and resigned on 4th January, 2005 | ||
| 4 | M. K. Muneer | Minister for Public Works | 2004–2006 | |||
| V. K. Ebrahimkunju | Minister for Industries and Social Welfare | 2005-2006 | Assumed office on 6th January, 2005 | |||
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center; background-color:Template:Party color; color:white;" | | ||||||
| 1 | Chekkalam Abdulla | Minister for Local Self Government | 2001–2004 | Third A. K. Antony ministry | A. K. Antony | |
| 2 | Nalakath Soopy | Minister for Education | 2001–2004 | |||
| 3 | P. K. Kunhalikutty | Minister for Industries and Social Welfare | 2001–2004 | Assumed office on 17th May, 2001 | ||
| 4 | M. K. Muneer | Minister for Public Works | 2001–2004 | |||
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center; background-color:Template:Party color; color:white;" | | ||||||
| 1 | E. T. Muhammed Basheer | Minister for Education | 1995–1996 | Second A. K. Antony ministry | A. K. Antony | |
| 2 | P. K. Kunhalikutty | Minister for Industries and Municipalities | 1995–1996 | |||
| 3 | P. K. K. Bava | Minister for Panchayat and Social Welfare | 1995–1996 | |||
| 4 | C. T. Ahammed Ali | Minister for Public Works | 1995–1996 | |||
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center; background-color:Template:Party color; color:white;" | | ||||||
| 1 | E. T. Muhammed Basheer | Minister for Education | 1991–1995 | Fourth K. Karunakaran ministry | K. Karunakaran | |
| 2 | P. K. Kunhalikutty | Minister for Industries | 1991–1995 | |||
| 3 | C. T. Ahammed Ali | Minister for Local Administration | 1991–1995 | Assumed office on 29th June, 1991 | ||
| 4 | P.K.K Bava | Minister for Public Works | 1991-1995 | Assumed office on 29th June, 1991 | ||
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center; background-color:Template:Party color; color:white;" | | ||||||
| 01 | K. Avukaderkutty Naha | Deputy Chief Minister of Kerala | 1983–1987 | Third K. Karunakaran ministry | K. Karunakaran | Assumed office on 24 October 1983 |
| 02 | C. H. Mohammed Koya | Deputy Chief Minister of Kerala | 1982–1983 | Expired on 28 September 1983 | ||
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center; background-color:Template:Party color; color:white;" | | ||||||
| 01 | C. H. Mohammed Koya | Deputy Chief Minister of Kerala | 1981–1982 | Second K. Karunakaran ministry | K. Karunakaran | |
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center; background-color:Template:Party color; color:white;" | | ||||||
| 01 | C. H. Mohammed Koya | Chief Minister of Kerala | Oct 1979 –Dec 1979 | Koya ministry | — | The Koya ministry lasted 1 month and 20 days. |
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center; background-color:Template:Party color; color:white;" | | ||||||
| 01 | C. H. Mohammed Koya | Minister for Education | 1978–1979 | P. K. Vasudevan Nair ministry | P. K. Vasudevan Nair | |
| 02 | K. Avukader Kutty Naha | Minister for Local Administration | 1978–1979 | Assumed office on 9 December 1978 | ||
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center; background-color:Template:Party color; color:white;" | | ||||||
| 01 | K. Avukader Kutty Naha | Minister for Local Administration | 1977-78 | First Antony ministry | A. K. Antony | |
| 02 | C. H. Mohammed Koya | Minister for Education | 1977-78 | Resigned w.e.f. 20 December 1977 and again assumed office on 4 October 1978 | ||
| U. A. Beeran | Minister for Education | January 1978 - October 1978 | Assumed office on 27 January 1978 and resigned w. e. f. 3 October 1978 | |||
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center; background-color:Template:Party color; color:white;" | | ||||||
| 01 | C.H. Mohammed Koya | Minister for Education | 25 March 1977 - 25 April 1977 | First Karunakaran ministry | K. Karunakaran | |
| 2 | K. Avukader Kutty Naha | Minister for Local Administration | 25 March 1977 - 25 April 1977 | |||
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center; background-color:Template:Party color; color:white;" | | ||||||
| 01 | C. H. Mohammed Koya | Minister for Education and Home | 1970–1977 | Second C. Achutha Menon ministry | C. Achutha Menon | Resigned w.e.f. 1st March 1973 |
| 02 | K. Avukader Kutty Naha | Minister for Food and Local Administration | 1970–1977 | |||
| 03 | Chakkeeri Ahamed Kutty | Minister for Education | 1973-1977 | Assumed office on 2nd March, 1973 | ||
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center; background-color:Template:Party color; color:white;" | | ||||||
| 01 | C. H. Mohammed Koya | Minister for Home and Education | 1969–1970 | First C. Achutha Menon ministry | C. Achutha Menon | |
| 02 | K. Avukader Kutty Naha | Minister for Local Administration | 1969–1970 | |||
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center; background-color:Template:Party color; color:white;" | | ||||||
| 01 | K. Avukader Kutty Naha | Minister for Panchayats | 1967–1969 | E. M. S. Namboodiripad ministery | E. M. S. Namboodiripad | ** Assumed office on 9th November 1968 and Resigned w. e. f. 21st October 1969 |
| 02 | M. P. M. Ahammed Kurikkal | Minister for Panchayats | 1967–1969 | ** Expired on 24th October, 1968 | ||
| 03 | C. H. Mohammed Koya | Minister for Education | 1967–1969 | ** Resigned w.e.f. 21st October, 1969 |
Controversies
The party when in control of the local self-government department, issued a circular which legalised marriage for Muslim women between ages of 16 and 18 and Muslim men below age 21.The circular was later amended after backlash.[44]
The Muslim League has opposed the Supreme Court of India verdict regarding entry of adult women to Sabarimala temple.[45][46] It is also at odds with several LGBTQ rulings from the Supreme Court.[47] The party also supports the primacy of Muslim Personal Law among Indian Muslims.[48][49]
IUML opposes implementing gender neutrality and comprehensive sex education in school curriculum saying that it promotes homosexuality, leads to sexual anarchy and is part of an atheist-liberal conspiracy to destroy religious values.[50][51][52]
An article by the current president of the Muslim League, on Hagia Sophia,[53] seemed to support the views of political Islam.[54][55]
Muslim League generally presents itself as a conservative political party in Kerala.[56][57] In 2021, ten female leaders from the disbanded Haritha state committee lodged a police complaint against the state president of the Muslim Students Federation (MSF) and the Malappuram district general secretary, accusing them of making sexual remarks.[58][59]
In July 2023, following the Manipur violence where a woman was paraded naked in public,[60] members of the Muslim League raised anti Hindu slogans in Kanhangad, located in the Kasaragod district of Kerala. The following day, Kerala Police arrested five of those members.[61][62][63] Upon criticism over the incident, the State President of IUML Panakkad Sayyid Sadiq Ali Shihab Thangal responded on 28 July, saying no one has the right to hurt the sentiments and faith of others.[64]
See also
- List of political parties in India
- All-India Muslim League
- Indian Independence Movement
- List of Islamic political parties
References
- ↑ List of Political Parties & Symbol MAIN Notification. Election Commission of India(31 December 2021).
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Wright, T. (1966). The Muslim League in South India since Independence: A Study in Minority Group Political Strategies. The American Political Science Review, 60(3), 579–599. Template:JSTOR
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Explained: History of Muslim League in Kerala and India. The Indian Express(2019-04-06). Retrieved 2019-08-04.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 James Chiriyankandath (1996) Changing Muslim politics in Kerala: identity, interests and political strategies, Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, 16:2, 257-271.
- ↑ E. Ahamed: Minister of State for External Affairs, Press Trust of India. Hindustan Times(2004-06-19). Retrieved 2020-06-07.
- ↑ Jose K Mani, P P Suneer, Haris Beeran elected to Rajya Sabha unopposed.
- ↑ Indian Union Muslim League looks set now on a conservative course as BJP knocks in Kerala. The Economic Times(2016-02-14). Retrieved 2024-07-05.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 Explained: History of Muslim League in Kerala and India. The Indian Express(2019-04-06). Retrieved 2019-08-04.
- ↑ History of Indian Union Muslim League. Indian Union Muslim League (website).
- ↑ Will the Muslim League's decision to go national affect Asaduddin Owaisi plans for his party?, Ameerudheen, T. A.. Scroll(2017-05-21).
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 How the Muslim League is at peace with itself. The Hindu(2016-03-22). Retrieved 13 June 2020.
- ↑ Speakers and Deputy Speakers of Kerala Legislative Assembly. Secretariat of the Kerala Legislature. Retrieved 14 October 2021.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 Muslims and the 1977 Indian Elections: A Watershed?. Asian Survey({Template:Date).
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 Chief Minister of Kerala (Official Website)
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 Revenge of the Dead Horse, Radhakrishnan, M. G.. Asianet News(2019-04-19).
- ↑ Indian Union Muslim League and All India Muslim League merge in Kerala. India Today(1985-08-31).
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 Kerala mourns passing away of Panakkad Thangal. Gulf News(2009-08-02). Retrieved 12 June 2020.
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 A Coloured Scheme of Things, Nair, Preetha. Outlook(2019-04-19).
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 The importance of IUML. The Indian Express(2019-04-11). Retrieved 2020-06-12.
- ↑ University at a Glance.
- ↑ Muslim votes not a monolithic bloc, Naha, Abdul Latheef. The Hindu(2014-03-25). Retrieved 2020-06-06.
- ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 E. Ahamed: Minister of State for External Affairs. Hindustan Times(2004-06-19). Retrieved 2020-06-07.
- ↑ K M Khader Mohideen is IUML National President. India Today(26 February 2017). Retrieved 2018-09-16.
- ↑ P K Kunhalikutty is IUML national general secretary. The Times of India. Retrieved 2018-09-16.
- ↑ Indian Union Muslim League national committee members. iuml.com. Retrieved 2019-01-26.
- ↑ IUML opens doors to women in national leadership. Why Jayanthi Rajan breaks many ceilings(May 2025).
- ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 Kerala: Ousted Haritha leaders given top posts in Muslim Youth League(May 2024).
- ↑ Faisal Babu is the All India General Secretary of the Youth League(19 March 2021). Retrieved 20 May 2021.
- ↑ Jeffrey, Robin. "Politics, Women and Well-Being: How Kerala became a Model" Palgrave McMillan (1992); 112 and 114.
- ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 30.3 30.4 30.5 Wright, Theodore P. 'The Muslim League in South India since Independence.' American Political Science Review, vol. 60, no. 3, 1966, pp. 579–599., doi:10.2307/1952972.
- ↑ 31.0 31.1 31.2 The eternal Kerala pattern. The Indian Express.
- ↑ 32.0 32.1 32.2 Communism in Kerala: A Study in Political Adaptation{{#if:Nossiter|, Nossiter}. University of California Press(1982)
- ↑ 33.0 33.1 Kerala seems to be drifting towards instability. India Today(1977-05-15).
- ↑ General Info - COUNCIL OF MINISTERS SINCE 1957 - Kerala Legislative Assembly. www.niyamasabha.org. Retrieved 2026-01-05.
- ↑ Council Of Ministers Since 1957 - Third Kerala Legislative Assembly. www.niyamasabha.org. Retrieved 2026-01-05.
- ↑ 4th Kerala Legislative Assembly - Council of Ministers. www.niyamasabha.org. Retrieved 2026-01-05.
- ↑ 5th Kerala Legislative Assembly - Council of Ministers. www.niyamasabha.org. Retrieved 2026-01-05.
- ↑ 6th Kerala Legislative Assembly - Council of Ministers. www.niyamasabha.org. Retrieved 2026-01-05.
- ↑ 7th Kerala Legislative Assembly - Kerala Legislature. www.niyamasabha.org. Retrieved 2026-01-05.
- ↑ 9th Kerala Legislative Assembly - Kerala Legislature. www.niyamasabha.org. Retrieved 2026-01-05.
- ↑ 11th Kerala Legislative Assembly - Kerala Legislature. www.niyamasabha.org. Retrieved 2026-01-05.
- ↑ 13th Kerala Legislative Assembly - Council of Ministers. www.niyamasabha.org. Retrieved 2026-01-05.
- ↑ General Info - Kerala Legislature. www.niyamasabha.org. Retrieved 2026-01-05.
- ↑ Gulf money fueling Muslim extremism in Kerala;IUML grows more militant to take on other radical islamist parties. The Economic Times(2013-07-03). Retrieved 2024-07-05.
- ↑ Sabarimala verdict: Indian Union Muslim League for review petition; urges UDF to back devotees. The New Indian Express(5 October 2018). Retrieved 2022-06-21.
- ↑ Kerala Polls 2021: CPM Indulging In Doublespeak On Love Jihad, CAA & Sabarimala: IUML Leader M K Muneer. outlookindia.com(2022-01-18). Retrieved 2022-06-21.
- ↑ Indian Union Muslim League opposes Supreme Court verdict, says it is against Indian culture. Times of India. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
- ↑ Circular to legalise earlier marriages. New Indian Express. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
- ↑ IUML, CPM, CPI against Centre's bid to raise legal age of marriage for women. OnManorama. Retrieved 2022-06-21.
- ↑ Govt encouraging homosexuality: IUML leader on new school curriculum. Hindustan Times.
- ↑ Muslim league slams Kerala gender-neutral initiative. Deccan Herald.
- ↑ IUML leader K M Shaji says LGBTQ members are worst humans. Manorama online.
- ↑ Sadiq Ali Thangal takes over leadership of Muslim League at the most critical period of its existence. OnManorama. Retrieved 2022-06-21.
- ↑ Sadiqali has his work cut out. The Hindu.
- ↑ Analysis | Growing Christian-Muslim alienation, Kerala civic polls and Kunhalikutty's Christmas cake diplomacy. OnManorama. Retrieved 2022-06-21.
- ↑ Young women lead churn within Muslim League. The New Indian Express(17 September 2021). Retrieved 2022-06-21.
- ↑ 'Haritha' row points to emerging new political outlook within IUML. OnManorama. Retrieved 2022-06-21.
- ↑ Police probe has lost pace, ex-Haritha leaders tell women's panel. The New Indian Express(12 October 2021). Retrieved 2022-06-21.
- ↑ Women's League rejects former Haritha leaders' gender politics. The New Indian Express(29 September 2021). Retrieved 2022-06-21.
- ↑ Women Paraded Naked in Manipur Video Move SC Seeking SIT Probe. News18(2023-07-31). Retrieved 2023-07-31.
- ↑ 5 Arrested For 'Provocative' Sloganeering During IUML Youth Rally In Kerala. ABP News(2023-07-27). Retrieved 2023-07-31.
- ↑ 5 of IUML youth-wing held in Kerala for provocative slogans, Service, Statesman News. The Statesman(2023-07-27). Retrieved 2023-07-31.
- ↑ Over 300 Muslim League members booked for inflammatory 'anti-Hindu' slogans at Kerala rally. Financialexpress(2023-07-26). Retrieved 2024-07-01.
- ↑ Don't hurt sentiments and faith of others, cautions IUML chief Thangal, Gilveser Assary, Deccan Chronicle(July 28, 2023).
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