Elections to local bodies (Panchayats, Municipalities and Corporations) in Kerala were held in December 2020.[1] Polling took place over 3 days; on 8, 10 and 14 December, with the votes counted and results announced on 16 December.[2]
Left Democratic Front (LDF), who also formed the state government, won majorities in more than half of all grama panchayats, two-thirds of district panchayats and in all municipal corporations barring Kannur. United Democratic Front (UDF), led by Indian National Congress (INC), despite improving its vote share by 0.7% won just three out of fourteen district panchayats and one corporation, in comparison to seven and two respectively in the previous election in 2015. National Democratic Alliance (NDA), led by Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), increased their tally of wards won and secured a majority in two municipalities and nineteen panchayats.
Background
Kerala Panchayat Raj Act, 1994 made provisions for the creation of local bodies at the village, block and district levels. The Kerala Municipalities Act, 1994 made provisions for the creation of municipalities and corporations.[3]
In total, the state has 1200 local self-governing bodies – 941 grama panchayats, 14 district panchayats, 152 block panchayats, 87 municipalities and 6 corporations.[4]
COVID-19 pandemic
An all-party meeting filed a plea in Kerala High Court to defer the polls, which was set for November 2020, considering the increasing COVID cases.[5]
An ordinance by the Governor of the state, which temporarily amended Kerala Panchayat Raj Act, 1994, allowed COVID-19 quarantined patients to vote via postal ballots and increases the voting time by two hours.[6][7]
Parties and coalitions
The LDF is the coalition of left wing and far-left parties, led by the CPIM. The UDF is a coalition consisting chiefly of centrist and centre-left parties led by the INC. The NDA is led by the BJP.[8]
Twenty20 Kizhakkambalam, officially a nonprofit charitable organization formed by Anna Kitex Group, fielded candidates in five panchayats, including in Kizhakkambalam where they had won in 2015.[9] V4 Kochi, an apolitical organisation had 74 candidates contesting in all wards of Kochi Corporation.[10] KJS, led by Poonjar MLA P. C. George, contested independently in four district panchayats, four block panchayats and two grama panchayats in Kottayam district.[11] Thiruvananthapuram Vikasana Munnettam an apolitical organisation contested in 14 wards of Thiruvananthapuram Corporation.[12]
Previous composition
Local body wise
| Local self-government body | Local Bodies in lead | Total | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| style="background:Template:Party color| | style="background:Template:Party color| | style="background:Template:Party color| | |||
| LDF | UDF | NDA | Others/Hung | ||
| Gram Panchayats | 5F | 365 | 14 | 13 | 941 |
| Block Panchayats | 90 | 61 | 0 | 1 | 152 |
| District Panchayats | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 14 |
| Municipalities | 44 | 41 | 1 | 0 | 86 |
| Corporations | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
Ward-wise
| Local self-government body | Wards won | Total | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| style="background:Template:Party color" | | style="background:Template:Party color" | | style="background:Template:Party color" | | |||
| LDF | UDF | NDA | Others | ||
| grama Panchayats | 7,623 | 6,324 | 933 | 1,078 | 15,962 |
| Block Panchayats | 1,088 | 917 | 21 | 53 | 2,076 |
| District Panchayats | 170 | 145 | 3 | 4 | 331 |
| Municipalities | 1,263 | 1,318 | 236 | 259 | 3,122 |
| Corporations | 196 | 143 | 52 | 24 | 414 |
| Corporation | Wards won | Total | Alliance in majority | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| style="background:Template:Party color" | | style="background:Template:Party color" | | style="background:Template:Party color" | | ||||
| LDF | UDF | NDA | Others | |||
| Thiruvananthapuram | 42 | 21 | 35 | 3 | 100 | Hung (LDF mayorship) |
| Kozhikode | 50 | 18 | 7 | 0 | 75 | LDF |
| Kochi | 23 | 38 | 2 | 11 | 74 | UDF |
| Kollam | 36 | 16 | 2 | 1 | 55 | LDF |
| Thrissur | 23 | 21 | 6 | 5 | 55 | Hung (LDF mayorship) |
| Kannur | 26 | 27 | 0 | 2 | 55 | Hung (UDF mayorship) |
Campaign
The president of the Kerala unit of BJP K. Surendran claimed that the incumbent LDF government would face a setback in the election due to the 2020 Kerala gold smuggling case, in relation to which the Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan's then principal secretary was arrested by Enforcement Directorate.[14] The opposition UDF faced several infightings, one among which an alliance partner, Kerala Congress (M), underwent a split with the faction led by Jose K. Mani joining LDF.[15] BJP faced factionalism between some of its top leaders and the state president.[16][17]
Voters and polls
Voters list for the election was published on 17 June.[18] The final list was published on 1 October with a supplemental list published on 10 November.[19]
| Group of voters | Voters population |
|---|---|
| Male | 1,31,72,629 |
| Female | 1,44,83,668 |
| Transgenders | 282 |
| Total Voters | 2,76,56,579 |
As the term of the current members of local bodies end on November 11, three-member administrative committees would be formed and take over administration in each local body, in accordance with Kerala Panchayat Raj Act, 1994, and the Kerala Municipality Act, 1994.[21]
Kerala High Court dismissed petitions which alleged that reservation of local body constituencies continued for a third successive term citing that the court would not interfere in elections.[22]
1.68 lakh candidates filed nominations to various local bodies,[23] which was dwindled down to 74,899 candidates after the rest were either rejected or withdrawn.[24] In total there are 34,744 polling booths; 29,321 in panchayats, 3,422 in municipalities and 2,001 in corporations.[25]
| Event | Date |
|---|---|
| Publishing of final voters' list | 1 October 2020 |
| Announcement of election schedule
Enactment of Model Code of Conduct |
6 November 2020 |
| Last date to file nomination | 19 November 2020 |
| Scrutiny of nomination | 20 November 2020 |
| Last date to withdraw nomination | 23 November 2020 |
| Polling | Phase I: 8 December 2020 |
| Phase II: 10 December 2020 | |
| Phase II: 14 December 2020 | |
| Announcement of results | 16 December 2020 |
Phase I: Thiruvananthapuram, Kollam, Pathanamthitta, Alappuzha and Idukki districts
Phase II: Ernakulam, Kottayam, Thrissur, Palakkad and Wayanad districts
Phase III: Malappuram, Kozhikode, Kannur and Kasaragod districts
Result
| Districts | Voter Turnout[26][27][28][29][30] | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| District wise map of Kerala | Phase | District | % | |
.png) .png) |
Phase I | Thiruvananthapuram | 70.0 | 73.1 |
| Kollam | 73.8 | |||
| Pathanamthitta | 69.7 | |||
| Alappuzha | 77.4 | |||
| Idukki | 74.7 | |||
| Phase II | Kottayam | 73.9 | 76.4 | |
| Ernakulam | 77.1 | |||
| Thrissur | 75.0 | |||
| Palakkad | 78.0 | |||
| Wayanad | 79.5 | |||
| Phase III | Malappuram | 78.9 | 78.7 | |
| Kozhikode | 79.0 | |||
| Kannur | 78.6 | |||
| Kasaragod | 77.2 | |||
| Kerala | 76.2 | |||
Popular votes
All of the three major pre-poll alliances in the state increased their vote share compared to that in the previous election. Template:Election table ! class="unsortable" | ! colspan="2"|Alliance ! Political party !! Votes !! Vote % !! ±pp |- |colspan=7 bgcolor="Template:Party color"| |- |rowspan=12 bgcolor="Template:Party color"| !rowspan=12|LDF |Template:Party color cell ! Left Democratic Front !8,450,430 !40.18% !Template:Increase2.82% |- |Template:Party color cell | Communist Party of India (Marxist) |5,628,188 |26.71% |Template:N/a |- |Template:Party color cell | Communist Party of India |1,459,396 |6.93% |Template:N/a |- |Template:Party color cell | Kerala Congress (M) |534,759 |2.54% |Template:N/a |- |Template:Party color cell | Loktantrik Janata Dal |293,814 |1.40% |Template:Increase1.40% |- |Template:Party color cell | Janata Dal (Secular) |175,613 |0.83% |Template:N/a |- |Template:Party color cell | Indian National League |139,016 |0.66% |Template:N/a |- |Template:Party color cell | Nationalist Congress Party |132,933 |0.63% |Template:N/a |- |Template:Party color cell | Congress (Secular) |45,215 |0.21% |Template:N/a |- |Template:Party color cell | Kerala Congress (B) |39,140 |0.19% |Template:N/a |- |Template:Party color cell | Janadhipathya Kerala Congress |1,612 |0.01% |Template:Increase0.01% |- |Template:Party color cell | Kerala Congress (Skaria Thomas) |744 |0.00% |Template:N/a |- |colspan=7 bgcolor="Template:Party color"| |- |rowspan=9 bgcolor="Template:Party color"| !rowspan=9|UDF |Template:Party color cell ! United Democratic Front !7,988,255 !37.92% !Template:Increase0.69% |- |Template:Party color cell | Indian National Congress |5,327,605 |25.29% |Template:N/a |- |Template:Party color cell | Indian Union Muslim League |1,909,729 |9.06% |Template:N/a |- |Template:Party color cell | Kerala Congress (Joseph) |419,049 |1.99% |Template:Increase1.99% |- |Template:Party color cell | Revolutionary Socialist Party |171,483 |0.82% |Template:N/a |- |Template:Party color cell | Communist Marxist Party (John) |80,304 |0.38% |Template:N/a |- |Template:Party color cell | Kerala Congress (Jacob) |48,448 |0.23% |Template:N/a |- |Template:Party color cell | All India Forward Bloc |19,174 |0.09% |Template:N/a |- |Template:Party color cell | Bharatiya National Janata Dal |12,463 |0.06% |Template:N/a |- |colspan=7 bgcolor="Template:Party color"| |- |rowspan=6 bgcolor="Template:Party color"| !rowspan=6|NDA |Template:Party color cell ! National Democratic Alliance !3,164,454 !15.02% !Template:Increase1.74% |- |Template:Party color cell | Bharatiya Janata Party |3,118,249 |14.80% |Template:N/a |- |Template:Party color cell | Bharath Dharma Jana Sena |26,336 |0.13% |Template:Increase0.13% |- |Template:Party color cell | Kerala Kamaraj Congress |14,358 |0.07% |Template:N/a |- |Template:Party color cell | Kerala Congress (Thomas) |4,975 |0.02% |Template:N/a |- |Template:Party color cell | Lok Janshakti Party |536 |0.00% |Template:Nochange |- |colspan=7 bgcolor="Template:Party color"| |- |rowspan=10 bgcolor="Template:Party color"| !rowspan=10|Others |Template:Party color cell | Social Democratic Party of India |132,423 |0.63% |Template:N/a |- |Template:Party color cell | Twenty 20 |41,845 |0.20% |Template:N/a |- |Template:Party color cell | Bahujan Samaj Party |36,284 |0.17% |Template:N/a |- |Template:Party color cell | Welfare Party of India |32,630 |0.15% |Template:N/a |- |Template:Party color cell | Kerala Janapaksham (Secular) |27,995 |0.13% |Template:N/a |- |Template:Party color cell | Peoples Democratic Party |26,223 |0.12% |Template:N/a |- |Template:Party color cell | Revolutionary Marxist Party of India |24,899 |0.12% |Template:N/a |- |Template:Party color cell | Aam Aadmi Party |10,539 |0.05% |Template:N/a |- |Template:Party color cell | Janathipathiya Samrakshana Samithy |2,140 |0.01% |Template:N/a |- |Template:Party color cell | Marxist-Leninist Party of India (Red Flag) |2,055 |0.01% |Template:N/a |- |colspan=7 bgcolor="Template:Party color"| |- |rowspan=2 bgcolor="Template:Party color"| !rowspan=2|IND |- |Template:Party color cell | Independents |1,206,878 |5.73% |Template:N/a |- ! colspan=7 | |- class="unsortable" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" | ! colspan = 4|Total ! 21,068,782 !! 100.00% ! Template:Nochange |}
Local body wise
Template:Pie chart Template:Pie chart Template:Pie chart Template:Pie chart Template:Pie chart [31]
| Local self-government body | Local Bodies in lead | Total | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| style="background:Template:Party color" | | style="background:Template:Party color" | | style="background:Template:Party color" | | ||||
| LDF | UDF | NDA | Others | Tie | ||
| Grama Panchayats | 514 (Template:Decrease35) | 321 (Template:Decrease44) | 19 (Template:Increase5) | 23 (Template:Increase15) | 64 (Template:Increase51) | 941 |
| Block Panchayats | 108 (Template:Increase20) | 38 (Template:Decrease24) | 0 (Template:Steady) | 0 (Template:Decrease1) | 6 (Template:Increase5) | 152 |
| District Panchayats | 11 (Template:Increase4)[32] | 3 (Template:Decrease4) | 0 (Template:Steady) | 0 (Template:Steady) | 0 (Template:Steady)Template:Efn | 14 |
| Municipalities[33] | 43 (Template:Decrease2)[34] | 41 (Template:Increase1) | 2 (Template:Increase1) | 0 (Template:Steady) | 0 (Template:Steady)Template:Efn | 86 |
| Corporations | 5 (Template:Increase1) | 1 (Template:Decrease1 ) | 0 (Template:Steady) | 0 (Template:Steady) | 0 (Template:Steady) | 6 |
Ward-wise
| Local self-government body | Wards in lead | Total | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| style="background:Template:Party color" | | style="background:Template:Party color" | | style="background:Template:Party color" | | |||
| LDF | UDF | NDA | Others | ||
| Grama Panchayats | 7,262 (Template:Decrease361) | 5,893 (Template:Decrease431) | 1,182 (Template:Increase249) | 1,620 (Template:Increase542) | 15,962 |
| Block Panchayats | 1,266 (Template:Increase178) | 727 (Template:Decrease190) | 37 (Template:Increase16) | 49 (Template:Decrease4) | 2,080 |
| District Panchayats | 212 (Template:Increase42) | 110 (Template:Decrease35) | 2 (Template:Decrease1) | 6 (Template:Increase2) | 331 |
| Municipalities | 1,167 (Template:Decrease96) | 1,172 (Template:Decrease146) | 320 (Template:Increase84) | 416 (Template:Increase157) | 3,078 |
| Corporations | 207 (Template:Increase11) | 120 (Template:Decrease23) | 60 (Template:Increase8) | 27 (Template:Increase3) | 414 |
| Corporation | Wards won | Total | Previous alliance in majority | Alliance in majority | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| style="background:Template:Party color| | style="background:Template:Party color| | style="background:Template:Party color| | |||||
| LDF | UDF | NDA | Others | ||||
| Thiruvananthapuram | 51 (Template:Increase9) | 10 (Template:Decrease11) | 35 (Template:Steady) | 5 (Template:Increase4) | 100 | LDF | LDF |
| Kozhikode | 51 (Template:Increase1) | 17 (Template:Decrease1) | 7 (Template:Steady) | 0 (Template:Steady) | 75 | LDF | LDF |
| Kochi | 34 (Template:Increase11) | 31 (Template:Decrease7) | 5 (Template:Increase3) | 4 (Template:Decrease7) | 74 | UDF | LDF |
| Kollam | 39 (Template:Increase3) | 9 (Template:Decrease7) | 6 (Template:Increase4) | 1 (Template:Steady) | 55 | LDF | LDF |
| Thrissur[35] | 24 (Template:Increase1) | 24 (Template:Increase3)[36] | 6 (Template:Steady) | 1 (Template:Decrease4) | 55 | LDF | HungTemplate:Efn |
| Kannur | 19 (Template:Decrease7) | 34 (Template:Increase7) | 1 (Template:Increase1) | 1 (Template:Decrease1) | 55 | Hung (UDF mayorship) | UDF |
Aftermath
Result analysis
All of the three major pre-poll alliances, LDF, UDF, and NDA, improved their vote share compared to that in the previous election. The result showed popular support in favour of LDF led government, led by Pinarayi Vijayan. Jose K. Mani faction of Kerala Congress (M), which left UDF to join LDF, performed well in traditional UDF strongholds in Kottayam, Pathanamthitta and Idukki districts.[37] UDF improved its position in the districts of Ernakulam and Malappuram.
Reactions
Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan hailed his alliance's victory as that of secularism and inclusive development, while remarking that the results were a befitting reply to UDF and BJP. Leader of the Opposition Ramesh Chennithala said that UDF voter base was intact highlighting that they had won more municipalities and mentioned that he would introspect into their poor performance in Thiruvananthapuram corporation. BJP national president J. P. Nadda and state president K. Surendran thanked the voters for providing an improved mandate to their party in the election[38][39]
TREND software error
The final results of a few panchayats and municipalities were changed due to an error in the TREND software, which was used for displaying election results, as per the State Election Commission. This meant that the lead UDF had over LDF in municipalities was cut from 10 municipalities to 4. The Election Commission published the results in its official website after rectifying the error.[33]
Post-election incidents
LDF won control in 43 municipalities, UDF in 41 and BJP in 2 municipalities.[34] In Kalamassery municipality, UDF won control of the municipality by drawing lots, as both they and LDF had equal backing in the administrative council.[40] LDF also controls 11 district panchayats, while UDF got the remaining 3. The latter assumed control of Wayanad district panchayat after drawing lots.[32]
21 year old Arya Rajendran became the mayor of Thiruvananthapuram corporation, thereby becoming the youngest ever mayor of a municipal corporation in India.[41][42]
Reshma Mariam Roy, who was the youngest candidate in the elections, became the youngest ever president of a panchayat in Kerala at 21 years old after being elected as the president of Aruvappulam Grama panchayat in Pathanamthitta. She had filed her nomination on November 18, days before she turned 21.[43][44][45]
See also
- Elections in Kerala
- 2015 Kerala local body elections
- 2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election
- 2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election
- 2020 Paravur Municipal election
Footnotes
References
- ↑ Local body polls in Kerala to be held on November 2 and 5. The Hindu(2015-10-04). Retrieved 2020-09-26.
- ↑ Kerala local body polls in three phases in December. The New Indian Express. Retrieved 2020-11-06.
- ↑ Business – Kerala Legislature. www.niyamasabha.org. Retrieved 2020-09-27.
- ↑ Local Self-Governance – Government of Kerala, India. kerala.gov.in. Retrieved 2020-09-27.
- ↑ Kerala all-party meeting agrees to cancel assembly bypolls, postpone local body elections. India Today(September 11, 2020). Retrieved 2020-10-19.
- ↑ Coronavirus | Kerala promulgates Ordinance to allow COVID-19 patients vote through postal ballots. The Hindu(2020-10-02). Retrieved 2020-10-19.
- ↑ Postal Ballot For Covid Patients In Local Polls: Kerala Election Panel. NDTV.com. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
- ↑ Explained: How has Kerala planned its three-tier local body elections?. The Indian Express(2020-11-19). Retrieved 2020-11-19.
- ↑ Kerala firm that won panchayat in 2015 to contest four more. The Indian Express(2020-11-10). Retrieved 2020-11-11.
- ↑ 74 candidates in fray, V4Kochi may make election tough to call. The New Indian Express. Retrieved 2020-11-11.
- ↑ Local body polls: Elections a test for PC George's Janapaksham. The New Indian Express. Retrieved 2020-11-25.
- ↑ 14 candidates on fray for TVM in local body polls. The Times of India(November 22, 2020). Retrieved 2022-01-22.
- ↑ Election 2015.
- ↑ Kerala Local Body Elections: Political Fronts Get Ready for Fight. NewsClick(2020-11-21). Retrieved 2020-12-14.
- ↑ Stakes high for Jose K. Mani. The Hindu(2020-11-07). Retrieved 2020-11-23.
- ↑ Local body polls a litmus test for BJP. The Hindu(2020-11-19). Retrieved 2020-11-23.
- ↑ Sobha Surendran skips BJP pre-poll meeting in Kochi. The Times of India(November 21, 2020). Retrieved 2020-11-23.
- ↑ Kerala: Voters' list for local body polls published, Kumar, Aswin J.. The Times of India(June 17, 2020). Retrieved 2020-10-19.
- ↑ Kerala: Local body elections to be held in 3 phases, counting of votes on December 16. India Today(November 6, 2020). Retrieved 2020-11-06.
- ↑ 2.76 crore voters in Kerala for local body election. The Times of India(November 13, 2020). Retrieved 2020-11-14.
- ↑ Administrative panels to take over local bodies. The Hindu(2020-11-04). Retrieved 2020-11-06.
- ↑ Continuous reservation of constituencies: Kerala HC declines to interfere; criticizes election commission, Haneef, Mahir. The Times of India(November 11, 2020). Retrieved 2020-11-16.
- ↑ Over 1.68 lakh file nominations for local body elections. The Hindu(2020-11-19). Retrieved 2020-11-21.
- ↑ 74,899 candidates in fray in Kerala local body polls, Rao, Madhu. www.indiatvnews.com(2020-11-27). Retrieved 2020-12-03.
- ↑ Kerala Local Body Elections 2020. ManoramaOnline. Retrieved 2020-11-21.
- ↑ Kerala local body election 2020 live updates: Polling of votes for first phase under way. The Times of India. Retrieved 2020-12-09.
- ↑ ആദ്യഘട്ട പോളിങ് 72.67 ശതമാനം, ജയപ്രകാശ്, എസ് എൻ. Mathrubhumi. Retrieved 2020-12-09.
- ↑ തദ്ദേശ തിരഞ്ഞെടുപ്പ്: രണ്ടാംഘട്ടത്തില് 76 ശതമാനം പോളിങ്. Mathrubhumi. Retrieved 2020-12-10.
- ↑ മൂന്നാം ഘട്ടത്തില് പോളിങ് 78 ശതമാനത്തിലധികം; വോട്ടെണ്ണല് ബുധനാഴ്ച. Indian Express Malayalam. Retrieved 2020-12-14.
- ↑ Kerala local body polls 2020 live updates: 78.64% polling in final phase : In the first phase of the polling, the voter turnout was 73.12 and in the second phase it was 76.78%.. The Times of India. Retrieved 2020-12-14.
- ↑ Local Body Elections 2020 – Trend by State Election Commission Kerala. www.trend.kerala.gov.in. Retrieved 2020-12-18.
- ↑ 32.0 32.1 14-ല് 11 ജില്ലാ പഞ്ചായത്തുകളിലും എല്ഡിഎഫ് അധികാരത്തിലേറി; വയനാട് നറുക്കെടുപ്പിലൂടെ യുഡിഎഫിന്. Mathrubhumi. Retrieved 2020-12-30.
- ↑ 33.0 33.1 mistake trend software; UDF does not have the upper hand in the number of municipalities ട്രെന്ഡ് സോഫ്റ്റ് വെയറിലെ പിഴവ്; മുനിസിപ്പാലിറ്റികളുടെ എണ്ണത്തിലും യുഡിഎഫിന് മേല്ക്കൈ ഇല്ല. www.twentyfournews.com(2020-12-17). Retrieved 2020-12-18.
- ↑ 34.0 34.1 New administrative committees take office in Corporations and Municipalities. Mathrubhumi. Retrieved 2020-12-29.
- ↑ UDF rebel likely to become mayor as LDF wins Thrissur corporation. Mathrubhumi. Retrieved 2020-12-19.
- ↑ തൃശൂരിൽ എൽഡിഎഫിനെ ഞെട്ടിച്ച് യുഡിഎഫ്; പുല്ലഴിയിൽ അട്ടിമറി ജയം; കോർപറേഷൻ കക്ഷിനില ഒപ്പത്തിനൊപ്പം | Samakalika Malayalam.
- ↑ Explained: Why Kerala local body election results are a victory for Pinarayi Vijayan. The Indian Express(2020-12-16). Retrieved 2020-12-16.
- ↑ Kerala Local Body Election Results 2020 HIGHLIGHTS: JP Nadda thanks people for improved mandate for BJP in Kerala. The Financial Express(2020-12-17). Retrieved 2020-12-18.
- ↑ Kerala civic body polls bring cheers and tears for BJP. The Week. Retrieved 2020-12-18.
- ↑ Draw of lots to break the tie. The Hindu(2020-12-20). Retrieved 2020-12-29.
- ↑ Arya Rajendran takes oath as mayor of Thiruvananthapuram civic body, Kumar, Aswin J.. The Times of India(December 28, 2020). Retrieved 2020-12-29.
- ↑ 21-Year-Old College Student Elected Mayor Of Kerala Capital. NDTV.com. Retrieved 2020-12-29.
- ↑ 21-Year-Old College Student Reshma Mariam Roy youngest in fray for LSG polls. timesofindia.indiatimes.com.
- ↑ 21-Year-Old College Student Reshma Mariam Roy to be Kerala's youngest panchayat president. www.onmanorama.com.
- ↑ CPI(M) chooses 21-year-old to lead Aruvappulam grama panchayat. The Hindu(28 December 2020).