Jogindernagar

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Joginder Nagar

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Settlement type City and hill station
Country India
State
District
Subdivision

Jogindernagar, or Jogindar Nagar (Hindi: जोगिंदर नगर) (Template:IPA-hns), is a municipality in Mandi district in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. Named after Raja Joginder Sen, the hill station is the terminus of the Template:Convert Kangra Valley narrow-gauge railway. Jogindernagar is the third-largest city in the district. The only city in Asia with three hydro-electric power stations, its nickname is "The City of Powerhouses".[1]

Situated in the central Joginder Nagar Valley, this region is known for paragliding and trekking, mountain biking and camping. The valley is known for its Ts: trolley, trout and train. In 2015, Jogindernagar was declared the first free Wi-Fi city in Himachal Pradesh.[2]

Etymology

Jogindernagar was named after the Mandi king Raja Joginder Sen. Its original name was Sukrahatti.

History

In 1925, Raja Joginder Sen and Col. B. C. Batty planned a hydropower scheme near the village of Sukrahatti. Alexander Sanderson was chief engineer until December 1929, when he returned to England with the project half-completed.[3]Template:Better source Narrow-gauge railway track was laid from Pathankot to Jogindernagar—about Template:Convert[4]—to carry heavy machinery transported from Britain. A haulage system was laid from the Shanan Power House site to Barot, where a reservoir was built on the Uhl River. After tunneling and piping the water several kilometres from the river to Jogindernagar, the 110-MW Shanan Power House was built by a team of engineers headed by Batty. It was the only hydroelectric project in northern India which fed undivided Punjab and Delhi.

Black-and-white photo of the exterior of a hydroelectric plant
Shanan Power House in the mid-20th century

The hydroelectric scheme planned to build five power stations with water from the Uhl River. Water from the Shanan Power House was be by tunnels Template:Convert to adjoining Siyuri Dhar. A reservoir was be built in the village of Chapprot to drive turbines at the base of Chapprot Hill in stage two of the project. However, the plan was abandoned after Batty's death.

During the 1960s, the Himachal Pradesh State Electricity Board revived the plan. Another set of turbines was added at Bassi (a small village at the bottom of Chapprot Hill) in 1970, and the 66-MW Bassi Power House was built. Despite the Bassi Power House's economy (since it was based on tailwater from the Shanan project), no further development was made until the beginning of the 21st century. Construction of the project's third stage, the 100-MW Uhl Stage III, is ongoing in the village of Chulla (near Tullah) with two reservoirs: one near Machhyal Lake and another in the village of Raktal (near Chulla).

Until the mid-20th century, Jogindernagar was northern India's largest potato market.[5] The potato-growing valleys were not linked by roads; over 2,000 mules from the Lahaul and Spiti valleys transported potatoes from outlying areas to Jogindernagar, the only railhead in that part of the state. Potatoes from Mandi, Kullu and Lahaul and Spiti districts were brought there for transport to West Bengal.

Rock salt

Template:Unreferenced section Jogindernagar was India's only supplier of rock salt, obtained from the Gumma and Drang mines. Residents of the Kullu Valley travelled for days to obtain the salt, crossing the high-altitude Bhubhu Pass (since the road network did not yet exist). And it believed that landslide happened all the workers died and their ghost haunts gumma

Geography

Jogindernagar is in the central Joginder Nagar Valley, in the north-western Himalayas.[6] Surrounded by mountains, it has an average elevation of 1,220 metres (4,000 feet). Jogindernagar's altitude ranges from Template:Convert on the southern valley floor to Template:Convert on the northern hilltops.

Its surrounding mountains are covered with dense pine forests. Rhododendron (burans, known locally as brah ka fool) and deodar trees are found at high-altitude locations such as Winch Camp, Jhatingri and Phuladhar. Jogindernagar is in a Zone V (very high earthquake-damage risk) region, and after-effects of the 1905 earthquake are still visible at the nearby Kila Karanpur fort.

Climate

The climate is warm and temperate; summer is much rainier than winters. According to the Köppen climate classification, Jogindernagar has a humid subtropical climate (Cwa). Its average annual temperature is Template:Convert, and its average annual rainfall is Template:Convert.

November is the driest month, with Template:Convert of rain. The wettest month is July, with an average of Template:Convert. The warmest month is June, with an average temperature of Template:Convert; January is the coldest, with an average temperature of Template:Convert. The difference in precipitation between July and November is Template:Convert, and the variation in temperature throughout the year is Template:Convert.

Winter temperature may fall to Template:Convert in Jogindernagar and Template:Convert at higher altitudes, which receive heavy snowfall from December to March; Jogindernagar receives occasional snow. Although summers are warm, the maximum temperature rarely exceeds Template:Convert; the record high is Template:Convert.

Template:Weather box

Demographics

Population

Jogindernagar has two tehsils, Jogindernagar and Lad Bharol, and a newly added sub tehsil Makreri. According to the 2011 Census of India, Jogindarnagar tehsil had a population of 84,470; its Vidhan Sabha constituency had a population of 110,302.Template:Full citation needed The municipality is divided into seven wards, for which elections are held every five years.

Template:AnchorLiteracy

Jogindarnagar's literacy rate is 87.86 percent, higher than the Himachal Pradesh average of 82.80%. Male literacy is 92.63 percent, and female literacy is 82.99 percent.

Religion

The major religion is Hinduism; a small percentage of the population follows Islam, Sikhism, Christianity and Tibetan Buddhism. A Tibetan Buddhist community (including monks) lives in the nearby village of Chauntra.

Template:AnchorLanguages

The major languages spoken in the region are Hindi and the Western Pahari varieties of Mandyali and the Kangri dialect. Most residents also speak English.

Template:AnchorNearest cities and transport hubs

Template:AnchorTransport

Template:AnchorAir

Jogindernagar's nearest airport is Gaggal Airport, officially known as Kangra Airport. Kullu–Manali Airport is in Bhuntar, Template:Convert away.

Template:AnchorRail

Diesel locomotive pulling seven passenger carriages
The Kangra Valley Railway in 2018

Joginder Nagar railway station is the terminus of the Template:Convert Kangra Valley Railway, which runs to Pathankot. The nearest broad-gauge station is the Pathankot Junction railway station.

Template:AnchorRoad

National Highway 5 connects Jogindernagar with Mandi and Palampur. The Jogindernagar-Sarkaghat-Ghumarwin state highway connects it to Dharmpur. Jogindernagar-Kotli Major District Road via koon ka tar connect to Machhali

Education

Jogindernagar's oldest schools are the Government Senior Secondary School, Government Senior Secondary School (Girls), Dayanand Bhartiya Public Senior Secondary School (the former Bhartiya Public High School, Arya Samaj Mandir) and Mount Maurya International School. [1] Most higher-education students move to larger cities and other states for graduate and post-graduate work.

A school has been established, as part of the Tibetan Children's Villages project near the Tibetan settlement in Chauntra, for Tibetan students in exile. The school provides instruction in the Tibetan language, Tibetan culture, the arts and science.


Template:AnchorPoints of interest

Single-car train on an incline, surrounded by people
Funicular track
  • Haulage trolley: India's highest cable funicular railway climbs from the base station of Shanan Power House at Template:Convert at its highest station of Head Gear.
  • Winch Camp: The highest settlement in the Joginder Nagar Valley, at Template:Convert. A trolley track goes from Winch Camp to Head Gear (2,500 meters), and the funicular descends to Barot. Currently non-operational, the Template:Convert narrow-gauge track from Winch Camp to Head Gear is India's highest railway track.
Aerial view of small town and reservoir
Hill town of Barot and reservoir in 2007
Spectators and a paraglider
Paragliding World Cup 2015 at Bir-Billing
  • Dehnasar Lake: High-altitude lake in the Dhauladhar range
  • Banderi Temple and Kila Karanpur: Banderi Temple is on the hill to the north-west of Jogindernagar. Kila Karanpur is the abandoned fort of Raja Karan Sen, son of Raja Joginder Sen.
  • Macchial Lake: Lake which is considered sacred
  • Jhatingri: Hill resort at Template:Convert with Himalayan cedar, known for camping and trekking, is the gateway to the Barot Valley.
  • Herbal Garden and Museum: North India's largest herbal garden and institute for research of Ayurvedic medicine and plants
  • Dhelu: Paragliding take-off spot for instruction and solo or tandem flights
  • Phuladhar: Hilltop resort at Template:Convert, east of Jogindernagar, is known for paragliding, camping, trekking and 360-degree views of Joginder Nagar and Barot Valleys.
  • Dzongsar Khyentse Monastery: One of six Buddhist monasteries and schools in nearby Chauntra village exemplifies Tibetan architecture and religious practice.
  • Chaina Pass: Mountain pass at Template:Convert connects Barot Valley at Rajgundha to Joginder Nagar Valley at Billing and the adjacent Kangra Valley.
  • Bhubu Pass: This high-altitude pass, Template:Convert high between Kullu and Jogindernagar, was the only link between the towns.
  • Batty Pass: Named after B. C. Batty, this mid-altitude Template:Convert pass parallels haulage rail track to connect Jogindernagar Valley (near Winch Camp) to Barot Valley at Headgear.

Template:AnchorNotable residents

References

  1. ↑ जोगिंदर नगर- अवलोकन, इतिहास और बुनियादी ढांचा | Jogindernagar.com, जोगिन्दरनगर.कॉम. jogindernagar.com. Retrieved 2016-06-03.
  2. ↑ facility/articleshow/47106669.cms Jogindernagar to become first town of State with free wi-fi facility
  3. ↑ John Sanderson's biography, planned publication 2018.
  4. ↑ Pathankot to Joginder Nagar. Retrieved 7 September 2019.
  5. ↑ Jogindernagar - The Power City of India - Himtimes, Himtimes. Himtimes(2014-01-19). Retrieved 2016-06-03.
  6. ↑ Nagar.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Joginder NagarTemplate:Dead link
  7. ↑ Mountain Railways of India (Extension). UNESCO Tentative Lists. Retrieved 9 September 2019.

Template:Mandi district Template:Kullu Manali Circuit

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