| Kalyanmal | |
|---|---|
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[[File:|250x250px|frameless|center]] | |
| Settlement type | Populated place |
| Country | India |
| State | |
| District | |
| Subdivision | |
Kalyanmal is a village in Kothwan block of Hardoi district, Uttar Pradesh, India.[1] Historically the seat of a pargana,[2] Kalyanmal is located 11 km from the city of Beniganj,[3] on the north side of the road leading to Atrauli and Bhatpurwaghat.[2] Also close by is the road running from Sandila to Gundlamau in Sitapur district.[2] Every Sunday during the month of Bhadon, a fair is held at Hattia Haran, a tank south of Kalyanmal where the god Rama is said to have bathed.[2] Kalyanmal also hosts a small fair to Panchabgir Mahadeo during the month of Aghan.[2]As of 2011, the population of Kalyanmal is 8,295, in 1,532 households.[1]
History
According to legend, Kalyanmal was originally called Rathauli, because Ramachandra's chariot had stopped here on the way back from Sri Lanka.[2] A mile to the south of Kalyanmal is a pool called Hattia Haran, which is where Ramachandra is said to have bathed.[2] Another tradition associated with Kalyanmal is found at the temple to Panchabgir Mahadeo: although the structure itself is modern, the lingam is much older and was supposedly set up by Judhisthir, the raja of Hastinapura.[2]
Apart from these legends, the earliest record of Kalyanmal's history is the traditional account of its conquest by the Bais raja Kumar, sometime before 1400.[2] Kumar drove out the previous Thathera rulers and built a fort at Rathauli, which became his capital.[2] The ruins of this fort still exist and are now called Wairi Dih.[2] However, the Sikarwar raja Nag Mal later murdered Kumar and seized his lands.[2] The modern town of Kalyanmal was supposedly then founded by Nag Mal's grandson, Kalyan Sah.[2]
Kalyanmal became the seat of a pargana during the reign of Aurangzeb.[2] A fort was built here at that time, and a garrison was posted along with one cannon.[2]
In 1901, the population of Kalyanmal was 1,783, with almost all the locals belonging to the Chamar community.[2] There was a village school at the time, and the average attendance of the Hattia Haran fair was about 5,000 people.[2]
The 1961 census recorded Kalyanmal as comprising 17 hamlets, with a total population of 3,393 people (1,805 male and 1,588 female) in 618 households and 498 physical houses.[4] The area of the village was given as 2,938 acres.[3]
The 1981 census recorded Kalyanmal as having a population of 5,075, in 1,092 households, and covering an area of 1,190.63 hectares.[3]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Hardoi, Part A (Village and Town Directory). Census 2011 India. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
- ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 Hardoi - A Gazetteer{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}. Government Press(1904)
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Census 1981 Uttar Pradesh: District Census Handbook Part XIII-A: Village & Town Directory, District Hardoi{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}(1982)
- ↑ Census 1961: District Census Handbook, Uttar Pradesh (36 - Hardoi District){{#if:|, {{{last}}}}(1965)