Kandukondain Kandukondain

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Kandukondain Kandukondain
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Directed by Rajiv Menon


Produced by Kalaipuli S. Thanu
Starring Template:Plainlist
Cinematography Ravi K. Chandran
Edited by Suresh Urs
Music by A. R. Rahman





Country India
Language Tamil



Kandukondain Kandukondain (Template:Trans) is a 2000 Indian Tamil-language romantic drama film that is based on Jane Austen's 1811 novel Sense and Sensibility. The film was directed and co-written by Rajiv Menon, and features an ensemble cast of Mammootty, Ajith Kumar, Tabu, Aishwarya Rai and Abbas. Veteran actors Srividya, Raghuvaran and Manivannan play supporting roles.[1][2] The film's soundtrack was scored by A. R. Rahman and the cinematographer was Ravi K. Chandran.[3][4]

After several delays, Kandukondain Kandukondain opened to Indian audiences on 5 May 2000 and was successful at the box office.[5] The film was dubbed and released in Telugu as Priyuraalu Pilichindi and the producers released subtitled versions worldwide.[2][6] The film also won a National Film Award and two Filmfare Awards South, and was featured in international film festivals.

Plot

The Indian Peace Keeping Force personnel Major Bala, while fighting in the jungles of war-torn Sri Lanka, loses his right leg in an explosion triggered by Tamil militants. Elsewhere, Manohar, a film director, is greeted in a shooting spot by his parents, who want him to marry Swetha, so that he will inherit her family's company. Sisters Sowmya and Meenakshi are part of a close-knit family living in a Chettiar mansion in Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, with their mother Padma, maternal grandfather Chandrasekhar, maidservant Chinnatha and younger sister Kamala. Sowmya is a school principal while Meenakshi is passionate about classic Tamil poetry, music and dance. Sivagnanam, a friend of Bala, lives with his mother. His mother is having breathing issues, which is fixed a soon as he says the word marriage. After his mother wants to see a marriage, Sivagnanam shows two cats, Raj and Viji, getting married much to her dismay.

Bala, who now runs a flower business, has become a depressed and alcohol-dependent man since losing his leg but he quits drinking after an argument with Meenakshi, with whom he falls in love and supports her family when in need. Meenakshi, who, considers Bala as a friend, falls in love with Srikanth, a charming businessman who shares Meenakshi's interests. Manohar visits Meenakshi's house for a film shoot. Sowmya and Manohar fall in love with each other.

On his deathbed, Chandrasekhar tries to say something about his will but no-one understands him. After his death, their lawyer breaks open the box and find he has bequeathed all of his property to his younger son Swaminathan, remembering his elder daughter Padma had eloped and married without his knowledge. Vidya and Sowmya silently submit themselves to Swaminathan and is wife, Lalitha's demands, but Meenakshi is unable to accept the change in lifestyle. Sowmya and her family move to Chennai when they can no longer stand Lalitha's arrogant behaviour upon inheriting the mansion.

Upon arriving in Chennai, the family struggles and they work as cooks at a local restaurant. While eating a vazhaipoo vada (banana flower vada), Bala and Sivagnanam recognises its taste and immediately goes to the kitchen. He is surprised to see such a rich family working tirelessly in the restaurant. After attending several interviews, Sowmya gets a job as a telephone operator at a software company. She is later promoted to a junior programmer due to her qualifications while Meenakshi becomes a playback singer with Bala's help. Sowmya is passionate about her job and as a result, she helps her colleagues when they need help.

Srikanth's finance company goes bankrupt and he has to pay back his investors. Meanwhile, Lalitha is sad after Swaminathan dies and offers the Chettinad house to Sowmya and her family, who refuse to take the house back. A minister offers to bail out Srikanth and his company if Srikanth marries his daughter. Srikanth agrees but Meenakshi is shocked and overwhelmed at his hypocrisy. After recording her first song, Meenakshi falls into an open manhole and is rescued by Bala. Realising Bala's love for her, Meenakshi falls in love with him.

Manohar's first film project is in disarray and he is thrown out. He plans to make his own action film with Nandhini Varma, a well-known Telugu film actor, as the heroine. Nandhini is superficially attracted to Manohar; rumours of an affair between them spread and his lack of attention to Sowmya hurts her deeply. Bala introduces Meenakshi to Vinod, an army officer, as he does not want Meenakshi to dedicate her life to caring for him because of his missing leg. Meenakshi tells Vinod and his family that she is not interested in him and declares her love to Bala. Manohar's film is a commercial success but when he visits Sowmya's house in Chennai, he finds she is moving to California for her company's project. Manohar and Sowmya tearfully argue and he tries to persuade Sowmya to marry him, and she accepts his offer. Manohar marries Sowmya and Bala marries Meenakshi.

Cast

As per the opening and closing credits:[7] Template:Colbegin

Guest appearances

Template:Colend

Production

Development

After the success of his first film Minsara Kanavu (1997), director Rajiv Menon was signed by producer Kalaipuli S. Thanu to direct a film in the final quarter of 1998.[8] In November 1998, Menon announced he had begun pre-production work on a project titled Theekkul Viralai Vaithal, a title taken from a line by Subramania Bharati.[9][10] The initial idea of the film came from a conversation between Menon and director Mani Ratnam about the contrast between Menon's life and that of his brother. While Menon entered the film industry, his brother focused on an academic career and later became an officer in the Indian Railway Accounts Service. Ratnam later suggested Menon should make a film on the subject.[11]

Menon wrote a screenplay based on the Jane Austen novel Sense and Sensibility and the project was renamed Kandukondain Kandukondain. The title was inspired by the phrase "kanden kanden Seethaiyai kanden" from Kambar's epic Kamba Ramayanam. Menon said the film's story of two sisters was reminiscent of those of him and his brother during difficult parts of their lives.[11][12] The film was initially launched as a multilingual project in Tamil, Telugu, Hindi and Malayalam, though it was only released in Tamil with a subsequent dubbed version in Telugu titled Priyuraalu Pilichindi.[10] Menon first wrote the story in English then dictated the dialogue in Malayalam; this was then translated into Tamil by Sujatha.[11][13][14]

In November 1999, when most of the production was complete, Menon—whose previous film performed poorly in rural areas—wanted to show a rough copy of Kandukondain Kandukondain to a village audience to ensure they could relate to the subject.[12][15][16] After showing parts of the film to audiences in Udumalpettai and Pollachi, the team later held a group discussion before thanking the volunteers with gifts while receiving positive feedback.[12]

Casting

Tabu was the first actor to be cast in the film; she was cast in the role of the elder sister Sowmya and Revathi was signed to dub for her character.[17] The casting of the younger sister Meenakshi took longer to finalise; Menon initially approached Manju Warrier, who liked the script but was hesitant to commit to appear in the film due to her impending wedding with Dileep.[18] He next discussed the role with Soundarya, whose team wanted to read the script before committing to the project. However, Soundarya's brother was not interested in letting her play a second heroine.[18] Because Menon was still finalising the climax, he opted to explore other options and Kausalya was briefly considered.[19][20] Aishwarya Rai was then signed onto the project, making her third appearance in Tamil films after roles in Mani Ratnam's Iruvar (1997) and Shankar's Jeans (1998).[21] Despite being replete with Hindi film offers, Rai said she was a large fan of Menon's work and could strongly identify with the character, and accepted the offer.[19][22] Menon and writer Sujatha presented two points of view in the female leads; while Sowmya accepts her destiny, Meenakshi wants to make her own life choices. While finalising the character arc of Sowmya, Menon drew inspiration from a person with whom he was familiar.[19]

Initially Menon cast Prabhu Deva, the lead actor of his previous film, in a leading role. Deva had played a key role in introducing Menon to producer Thanu but soon left the project.[10][23] For the role of a former army general, Menon attempted to cast Parthiban but the actor's difficult relationship with Thanu meant they could not collaborate. Arjun Sarja was also approached but he was working in a different film genre during the period. Eventually, Menon cast Mammootty in the role.[24] Abbas was cast in a role of a young businessman while Vikram dubbed for his character.[10][19]

Menon approached Prashanth to appear in the film in place of Prabhu Deva, but the actor demanded to be paired opposite Rai rather than Tabu. Menon did not want to switch the female lead actors and decided not to cast Prashanth.[19] In January 1999, Menon met and narrated the script of Kandukondain Kandukondain to Ajith Kumar, who had been recovering from back surgery; Kumar agreed to portray the struggling film director character.[23][25][26] While writing the character, Menon was inspired by his experiences as a junior technician looking to make a breakthrough in the film industry.[8][24] Between signing for Kandukondain Kandukondain and its release in May 2000, Ajith Kumar had significantly expanded his box-office appeal through the commercial success of his other films.[24][27]

Srividya was signed to play the mother of Tabu and Rai while Shamili played their sister.[28] Nizhalgal Ravi and debutant Anita Ratnam were also cast in the film with Malayalam actor Unnikrishnan Namboothiri making his debut as the bedridden grandfather.[29][30][31] Prominent actors Raghuvaran and Manivannan were selected for supporting roles in the film while Hindi actors Dino Morea and Pooja Batra appeared in small character roles, with Batra playing an actor.[32] Cameraman Arvind Krishna appeared in a small role as Ajith Kumar's friend.[33]

Rajiv Menon and Dhanu retained several of the technical team from his previous venture, adding Sujatha as a writer. Menon said he often thought of dialogue in Malayalam—his native language—before telling writer Sujatha to translate it into Tamil.[12][19] A cinematographer himself, Menon chose to avoid that task in the project and appointed Ravi K. Chandran as the cinematographer. According to Menon, directing and filming at the same time was "strenuous", though he said he photographed almost 30% of Kandukondain Kandukondain because Chandran was briefly unavailable.[34] Music of the film's music was composed by A. R. Rahman while lyrics were written by Vairamuthu; the pair argued during the production.[35] Suresh Urs edited the film while Vikram Dharma directed stunts, Nagu directed arts and Rekha Prakash, Brindha and Raju Sundaram choreographed the songs. Costumes were designed by Nalini Sriram.[36]

Filming

The title song was filmed at Eilean Donan Castle, Scotland.[37]

Scenes with Mammootty's soldier character were filmed in Munnar from February to April 1999, just before the outbreak of the Kargil War.[12] The team were able to borrow a former military helicopter for the sequences.[24] A large portion of the film's first half was filmed in the Kanadugathan area of Karaikudi. The team persuaded industrialist M. A. M. Ramaswamy to lend them his palatial Chettiar mansion for filming; they secured permission to use the property because the producer Thanu was an acquaintance of Ramaswamy.[19] Menon submitted a one-page synopsis of the film to Ramaswamy, who gave his permission under the condition that a death scene was filmed elsewhere. Menon hired the Rao Bahadur house for the extra scenes.[19] According to Menon, during filming in the Chettiar mansion, the unit bonded with Rai and Tabu, becoming good friends; Ajith Kumar learnt from Mammootty and the whole unit ate dinner together. Most of the project's first half was filmed within a week.[21]

In May 1999, the crew along with Rai and Abbas went to Scotland to film the title song in Dornie with the castle of Eilean Donan as a backdrop.[35][37][38][39] Menon used the location to show Rai's character Meenakshi is living in a fantasy world so he filmed the song with a blue and green theme. In comparison, the team wanted to contrast the colours for Tabu's song by using red and brown as the main colours.[19][28] The production team subsequently planned a four-day trip to Egypt to film the song "Enna Solla Pogirai" with the Giza pyramids as a backdrop; however, the trip turned into a week-long schedule.[19] The first part of the song was shot in Karaikudi with a train in the background.[19] Rajiv Menon and actors Ajith Kumar, Tabu, Raju Sundaram and Ravi K. Chandran travelled daily for three hours from Cairo to film in the heat; one filming day was cancelled after Tabu fainted.[35] Professional Kathakali artists were used for the song "Konjum Mainakale", and the video for "Yengay Yenedhu Kavidhai" was filmed against the backdrop of Chennai's monsoonal rains. Meanwhile, the song "Kannamoochi Yenada" was filmed with the leading cast at Kushaldas Gardens in Chennai.[19] Some scenes featuring Rai were filmed at Menon's flat in Chennai.[11]

Kandukondain Kandukondain was delayed for six months due to the success of Rai's films Taal and Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam, which prompted the revival of other projects she had signed up to in that period.[12] Menon's insistence composer A. R. Rahman reworked some of the music to provide a better fusion of classical and contemporary music also delayed progress. Filming ended six months behind the schedule devised by Menon but according to him, everything happened as planned.[12]

Soundtrack

Template:Infobox album

The songs in Kandukondain Kandukondain were composed by A. R. Rahman and the rights to the soundtrack album were bought by Saregama for a then-record sum of Template:INR2.2 crore.[3] The soundtrack includes eight songs, one of which is based on a poem written by Subramania Bharati,[40]

"Kannamoochi" is set in the Carnatic raga Nattakurinji.[41] Rajiv Menon, who is a fan of this raga, presented Rahman with the song "Kavalaiyai Theerpathu Naattiya Kalaiye" from Sivakavi (1943) and asked him to compose at least one piece based on the raga.[28][34][42] "Kandukondain Kandukondain" is based on the Nalinakanthi raga, "Smayiyai" is based on jazz music, and "Enna Solla Pogirai" is a folksy and romantic song.[43] Menon personally asked Shankar Mahadevan to sing the song "Enna Solla Pogirai".[28]

Template:Tracklist

Template:Tracklist

Release and reception

A function was held to mark the release of the soundtrack to Kandukondain Kandukondain with Kamal Haasan in attendance.[44] The film was initially scheduled for release in the 1999 Diwali season but delays led to the producers announcing it would be released on 1 January 2000, becoming the first film of the new millennium. Further delays due to the success of other films Padayappa and Vaalee ensured the film missed that date. The release of Mani Ratnam's Alaipayuthey led to the further postponement of the release of Kandukondain Kandukondain to May 2000.[35]

Kandukondain Kandukondain opened to positive reviews from film critics. The Indian Express stated; "A progressive film encouraging female independence, yet staying a warm family tale in essence, Kandukondain Kandukondain is the kind of film every intelligent movie-goer ought not to miss. Almost every supporting character pitches in an impressive performance, thus making Kandukondain Kandukondain a wonderful watch".[45][46] In the review for Rediff, Shobha Warrier stated although the film has "too many songs, too little emotion", it has "a powerful story with intense and well-developed characters. One of the most poignant scenes in the film is Mammootty's outburst against the system, which forgets war heroes who lay down their lives for a cause."[47] The film was commercial success[48][49] and completed 150 days at the box office in Tamil Nadu.[30] It was also successful in Kerala.[50] It was initially unsuccessful in Kerala because Mammootty was not promoted as one of the lead artists.[23] Menon chose to take the film to North Indian audiences but avoided dubbing it to avoid its script being lost in translation, and submitted a final version with English subtitles.[17][51][52]

The film was later released by Shyam Shroff of Shringar Films in a limited number cinemas in Mumbai and New Delhi, earning positive reviews from critics and performing well at the box office.[53] Shroff said, "although the film didn't make pots of money ... it created tremendous brand equity".[54] Shobhaa De said the films "word of mouth was spectacular" and the "reports were consistently good".[55] Outlook gave the film a favourable review and wrote, "This winner of a new-age entertainer is actually a tribute to the 'complete'-ness of the ancient Indian film structure."[56]

Kandukondain Kandukondain was showcased at the Regus London Film Festival in November 2011 and critics from the UK newspaper The Guardian rated it as one of the top-12 films of the event's 270. Critic Peter Bradshaw said it "is an entertaining reinvention of the novel" and that "the richly complicated plot allows it to be exuberantly transposed to modern-day India", ranking it alongside Ang Lee's Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon and Cameron Crowe's Almost Famous.[2][8][54] Menon continued to show the film across the world, including having screenings at the Washington Film Festival in April 2001, Locarno Film Festival in August 2002 and the Tiburon International Film Festival in March 2004.[57][58] US-based Kino Films bought the home video rights to the film.[59]

Accolades

2001 National Film Awards
2001 Filmfare Awards South

Legacy

The script of Kandukondain Kandukondain was translated into English and published as a book by Westland Publishers in October 2000.[30] Sanjay Leela Bhansali discussed the possibility of making a Hindi version of the film with Menon. Irrfan Khan held discussions to reprise the role of Major Bala. The project did not go ahead.[11]

Kandukondain Kandukondain became an important film in the careers of Kumar and Rai, showcasing both actors' versatility and ensured their successful careers in cinema.[64] In an interview, Ajith Kumar stated how he understood his true self after acting in the film.[25] The film's songs inspired several film titles; Enge Enadhu Kavithai (2002),[65] Kannamoochi Yenada (2007)[66] and Konjum Mainakkale (2012).[67] A film titled Enna Solla Pogirai entered production in 2021.[68] The character Anjali in the Telugu film Chi La Sow (2018) was inspired by Tabu's character in Kandukondain Kandukondain.[69]

References

  1. ↑ West End success story. The Hindu(9 November 2000). Retrieved 3 January 2011.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Talk
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named kkmuisc
  4. ↑ Indian Filmmakers and the Nineteenth-Century Novel: Rewriting the English Canon through Film{{#if:McHodgkins|, McHodgkins}(2005)
  5. ↑ At the crossroads - Deccan Herald. web.archive.org(2011-03-21). Retrieved 2021-06-27.
  6. ↑ Cinema beyond a formula theme. The Hindu(22 October 2000). Retrieved 5 April 2020.
  7. ↑ Template:Cite AV media
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named FC
  9. ↑ Back. At long last, Rajitha. Rediff. Retrieved 5 April 2020.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named dhanu
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named ss
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 12.6 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named rajivint
  13. ↑ A rather unusual feast from down South. The Hindu(30 July 2000). Retrieved 14 August 2014.
  14. ↑ Sense and sensibility. The Hindu(17 October 2000). Retrieved 7 April 2020.
  15. ↑ The Making of 'Kandukondain Kandukondain'. TM Cafe. Retrieved 2021-06-29.
  16. ↑ Rajiv Menon | Yen for love, Sudheendran, Girija. Screen(August 4, 2000). Retrieved 2021-06-29.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named N
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named warrier
  19. ↑ 19.00 19.01 19.02 19.03 19.04 19.05 19.06 19.07 19.08 19.09 19.10 19.11 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named hindu20
  20. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/19990501074035/http://www.tamiltalkies.com/events.htm Template:Bare URL inline
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Bond
  22. ↑ Interviews: Aishwarya Rai, Sanyukta. SeasonsIndia(April 2000). Retrieved 3 January 2011.
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named rediff1
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 24.3 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named toi20
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named ajithstar
  26. ↑ Pyar to hona hi tha, Rajitha. Rediff.com(15 September 1999).
  27. ↑ Rajiv Menon thanks fans who made 'Kandukondain Kandukondain' stand the test of time. The Times of India(5 May 2020). Retrieved 6 May 2020.
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 28.3 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named hindutamil
  29. ↑ Lights, camera, action. The Hindu(22 May 2000). Retrieved 5 April 2020.
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Pride
  31. ↑ Unnikrishnan Namboothiri celebrates 95th birthday(15 November 2018).
  32. ↑ A slice of a creative life. The Hindu(19 April 2007). Retrieved 5 April 2020.
  33. ↑ Lens affair. The Hindu(12 June 2009). Retrieved 5 April 2020.
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Sify
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 35.3 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named kkspecial
  36. ↑ Behind the seams. The Hindu(4 April 2009). Retrieved 5 April 2020.
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named ukshot
  38. ↑ Bollywood likes the scenery. The Hindu(11 October 2001). Retrieved 5 April 2020.
  39. ↑ When Bollywood came to Scotland(20 January 2015).
  40. ↑ Audio master: Every AR Rahman song in 'Kandukondain Kandukondain' reflects the film's many moods, Nathan, Archana. Scroll.in(12 December 2018). Retrieved 7 April 2020.
  41. ↑ Rajiv Menon reveals how he conceived Kannamoochi Yenada. The Times of India(1 November 2019). Retrieved 5 April 2020.
  42. ↑ Concerts cine artists love to listen to. The Hindu(8 December 2010). Retrieved 5 April 2020.
  43. ↑ Chords & Notes. The Hindu(3 April 2000). Retrieved 25 August 2012.
  44. ↑ Ajith: I won't do two-hero projects, Satish. Indiainfo(November 2000). Retrieved 3 January 2011.
  45. ↑ Movie reviews. Express India(10 July 2000). Retrieved 25 August 2012.
  46. ↑ I have seen... and conquered. The Indian Express. Retrieved 25 August 2012.
  47. ↑ Movies: Review of Kandukondain Kandukondain, Warrier, Shobha. Rediff(10 May 2000). Retrieved 25 August 2012.
  48. ↑ 5 Tamil hits of Mammootty as you await 'Peranbu'. Malayala Manorama(18 July 2018).
  49. ↑ Thalapathi' to 'Iruvar': A look at multi-starrer films in Tamil cinema. The Times of India(2 August 2018).
  50. ↑ Flops galore, soft porn rules in Kerala. Screen(13 February 2011). Retrieved 5 April 2020.
  51. ↑ Catering to a larger audience. Business Line(30 September 2002). Retrieved 14 August 2014.
  52. ↑ Filmmaker Rajiv Menon releases Tamil film Kandukondain Kandukondain with English subtitles, Vetticad, Anna M. M.. India Today(14 August 2000). Retrieved 14 August 2014.
  53. ↑ Transcultural voyage. The Hindu(18 June 2001). Retrieved 5 April 2020.
  54. ↑ 54.0 54.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named uk
  55. ↑ Tamil film director Rajiv Menon sets a trend with Kandukondain Kandukondain. India Today(21 August 2000). Retrieved 14 August 2014.
  56. ↑ Kandukondain Kandukondain, Misra, Amaresh. Outlook India(14 August 2000). Retrieved 7 April 2020.
  57. ↑ Tiburon International Film Festival. Tiburon International Film Festival(14 March 2004). Retrieved 14 August 2014.
  58. ↑ Movies: Aamir at an Indian Summer in Locarno, Fernandes, Vivek. Rediff(17 July 2002). Retrieved 14 August 2014.
  59. ↑ US firm to play Tamil flick on DVD, Govardhan, D. The Economic Times(15 October 2004). Retrieved 29 April 2020.
  60. ↑ 48th National Film Awards. Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 5 April 2020.
  61. ↑ என்ன சொல்லப் போகிறாய்? 20 வருடங்கள் கழித்தும் மனதில் நிற்கும் இந்த திரைப்படம்!. The Indian Express(5 May 2020). Retrieved 6 May 2020.
  62. ↑ Vishnuvardhan, Sudharani win Filmfare awards. The Times of India(23 March 2001). Retrieved 5 April 2020.
  63. ↑ Trophy time for tinseldom. The Hindu(24 March 2001). Retrieved 5 April 2020.
  64. ↑ Aishwarya Rai recalls working with Ajith; happy to see Nerkonda Paarvai actor's growth. International Business Times, India Edition(25 July 2019). Retrieved 7 April 2020.
  65. ↑ A desi English movie from N-Viz. Business Line(5 June 2003). Retrieved 6 May 2020.
  66. ↑ Kannamoochi Yenada. The Hindu(2 November 2007). Retrieved 6 May 2020.
  67. ↑ Lyrical Titles of 2012. Behindwoods. Retrieved 6 May 2020.
  68. ↑ Ashwin's new-age romance film titled Enna Solla Pogirai - Times of India.
  69. ↑ Chi La Sow's female protagonist is cut from a tough cloth. The Hindu(6 August 2018). Retrieved 29 April 2020.

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