Mani Ratnam

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About:

For other uses, see Mani Rathnam (film).

the 2014 Malayalam film

Template:Indian patronymic Template:Good article


Born
1956-06-02 (age 70)
Madurai, Madras State, India


Occupation
Template:Hlist
Years active
1983–present



Gopalaratnam Subramaniam (born 2 June 1956), known professionally as Mani Ratnam, is an Indian film director, film producer and screenwriter who predominantly works in Tamil cinema and a few Hindi, Malayalam, Telugu, and Kannada films. He is known as one of the most prominent and greatest directors in the history of Indian cinema.[1]

He has won seven National Film Awards, four Filmfare Awards, seven Filmfare Awards South,[2] and numerous awards at various film festivals across the world. In 2002, the Government of India honoured him with the Padma Shri, acknowledging his contributions to film.

Despite being born into a film family, Mani Ratnam did not develop any interest in films when he was young.[3] Upon completion of his post graduation in management, he started his career as a consultant.[3] He entered the film industry through the 1983 Kannada film, Pallavi Anu Pallavi. The failure of his subsequent films would mean that he would be left with fewer offers. After working in Telugu and Malayalam Cinema, he made his major breakthrough with Mouna Ragam (1986), established him as a leading filmmaker in Tamil cinema which won him his first Filmfare Best Director Award. He was the director of the critically acclaimed Nayakan (1987) and Anjali (1990), both of which qualified as India's official entry for The Academy Awards. He found success with the crime drama Thalapathi, romantic terrorism drama Roja (1992), Bombay (1995), Dil Se.. (1998), and his romantic trilogy of Mouna Ragam (1986), Alai Payuthey (2000), O Kadhal Kanmani (2015).

Each of his films contain its own unique style, with beautifully photographed songs and unique back-lighting. Exploring success in romantic, terrorism war and drama films. His epic historical dramas, Ponniyin Selvan: I (2022) and Ponniyin Selvan: II (2023), based on the Indian epic written by Kalki Krishnamurthy, were critical and commercial blockbusters with the former becoming the 35th highest-grossing film in India and 5th highest-grossing Tamil film.

Early life

Mani Ratnam was born on 2 June 1956 in a Tamil Iyer family in Madurai, Tamil Nadu as the second child of a family that was closely associated with film production.[4][5][6] His father, S. Gopalaratnam, was a film distributor who worked for Venus Pictures,[7] while his uncle, "Venus" Krishnamurthy, was a film producer. His elder brother G. Venkateswaran (died 2003) would go on to produce some of his films.[7][8][9] His younger brother G. Srinivasan (died 2007), like G. Venkateswaran, would also co-produce some of his films.[10] Mani Ratnam grew up in Madras (now Chennai),[11] along with his siblings and cousins. Despite being a film family, the children were not allowed to watch films as the elders considered them taboo.Template:Sfn "As a youngster, films seemed like a waste of time", he claimed in a 1994 interview;[5] however, he started watching films more actively when he was studying at the Besant Theosophical School.Template:Sfn During this time, he developed an admiration for actors like Sivaji Ganesan and Nagesh; watching all their films. When he discovered the legendary director K. Balachander, he became his fan. Upon completing his schooling, he graduated with a degree in commerce from the Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda College, affiliated to the Madras University. Later, he did his Master of Business Administration (MBA) in finance from Jamnalal Bajaj Institute of Management Studies in Mumbai.[8] After finishing his post-graduation in 1977, he was employed in a firm in Madras as a management consultant, and continued to work there for sometime.[8]

Personal life

Ratnam married actress Suhasini on 26 August 1988.[12] The couple have a son.[13] The family resides in Alwarpet, Chennai, where he runs his production company, Madras Talkies.[14][15]

In 1995, Mani Ratnam was wounded and hospitalised after homemade bombs were thrown at his home by attackers, suspected by police as Islamic extremists, in the wake of opposition to his film Bombay which portrayed the romance of a Hindu man with a Muslim woman.

An FIR was filed against Mani Ratnam and 49 others in 2019 when they wrote to Prime Minister Narendra Modi listing statistics and expressing concern over the rise in communal violence against minorities including Muslims, Christians, and Dalits since Modi's Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) took power in 2014.[16][17]

Film career

Beginnings: 1975–1982

Mani Ratnam was not satisfied with his job as a consultant as he found it to be a mere extension of his academics. During this time his friend Ravi Shankar, son of director B. R. Panthulu, was in the process of making his first film. Mani Ratnam, Ravi Shankar and another friend Raman, son of filmmaker S. Balachander, worked on the script of the film.Template:Sfn Mani Ratnam took a sabbatical from his job to ensure his participation in the making of the film. Being inexperienced, the makers were largely dependent upon the American Cinematographer magazine. The principal cast included Vishnuvardhan, Srinath, Ambareesh, Lakshmi, and Roja Ramani. When the filming was about to begin in Kolar, Karnataka, Mani Ratnam left his consulting job and joined the crew. The film, however, did not take off and was eventually shelved. Nevertheless, he was firm in his idea of becoming a film-maker. Although not impressed with many of the films made in Tamil cinema, he was "amazed" at Bharathiraja's 16 Vayathinile (1977), K. Balachander's Apoorva Raagangal (1975), and Mahendran's Mullum Malarum (1978) and Uthiripookkal (1979). During this time, he befriended a group of people namely P. C. Sreeram, Santhana Bharathi, and P. Vasu, who shared his interest of entering into the film industry.Template:Sfn

With a script in hand, Mani Ratnam had an idea to either get a producer for his film or to narrate the script to a "celebrated" film-maker, so that he could get a chance to work along with them and get to know about the various aspects involved in film-making. He chose three directors—Balachander, Bharathiraja, and Mahendran. As the attempts to meet and convince all the three proved to be unsuccessful, he decided to look out for a producer. In the process, he along with P. C. Sreeram—who would collaborate with him in most of his future projects—met around 20 people; however, all the efforts turned out to be unsuccessful.Template:Sfn

Early years and struggle: 1983–1986

Mani Ratnam developed a script—originally written in English—into a film and named it Pallavi Anu Pallavi. His uncle Krishnamurthy agreed to produce the film but imposed a condition that it should be made under a limited budget in Kannada, to which he agreed. He persuaded Balu Mahendra to do the cinematography as he found the latter's work to be very impressive.[18] He managed to get other crew members B. Lenin (for Film editing), Thota Tharani (for art direction) and Ilaiyaraaja (for composer music), all leading craftsmen in their respective fields. For the male lead, he cast Anil Kapoor after watching his performance in the Telugu film Vamsa Vruksham (1980). Lakshmi was signed up as the female lead.[18] The film explored the relationship between a young man and an older woman. Although an average grosser at the box-office, the film fetched Mani Ratnam the Best Screenplay Award from the Karnataka State Government for the year 1983.[19] After watching Pallavi Anu Pallavi, N. G. John offered him a chance to direct a film in Malayalam. Scripted by T. Damodaran and featuring Mohanlal as hero, Unaroo was about the corruption in labour unions of Kerala.[20] The film was completed within two months and released in April 1984. Mani Ratnam attributed the failure of the film to the conflict of interests that he and the producer had.Template:Sfn Following this, he entered Tamil cinema when G. Thyagarajan of Sathya Jyothi Films offered him a chance to direct Pagal Nilavu (1985). The film had Murali and Revathi playing lead roles.[21] It was different from his previous two films in that it included dance sequences and a "comedy track". The same year, he directed another Tamil film Idaya Kovil, a romantic drama. He remodelled a ready made script on the lines of Charlie Chaplin's Limelight (1952). Despite being unsatisfied with the final product, the film was a major box-office success.[19] The phase between 1983 and 1986 was the toughest of his career with only Pallavi Anupallavi feeling satisfactory; the other three completed with a lot of "compromises".Template:Sfn

Breakthrough: 1986–1991

In 1986, Mani directed the Tamil romantic drama Mouna Ragam, which starred Revathi and Mohan. The film was critically acclaimed for portraying urban Tamils in a "realistic" manner.[22] Specifically, it told the story of the friction between a newly-wed couple.[19] The score by Ilaiyaraaja was appreciated along with SPB in background score and became popular upon release.[23] Mouna Raagam was subsequently dubbed into Telugu under the same title and became a hit in Andhra Pradesh as well.[24] The film elevated Mani's status as a director, and won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil at the 34th National Film Awards. He won his first Filmfare Award for directing the film.[19]Template:Sfn

In 1987, Mani directed Nayakan starring Kamal Haasan, and the film became a huge success and brought him recognition at the national level.[22]Template:Sfn Inspired by the 1972 American crime film, The Godfather,[8][25] the film was based on the real-life story of underworld don Varadarajan Mudaliar,[22][26] and tells the story of an orphaned slum-dweller and his rise to top of the Bombay underworld hierarchy.[23] It was included in Time magazine's All-Time 100 Greatest Movies in 2005.[27] Satyajit Ray's The Apu Trilogy and Guru Dutt's Pyaasa are the only other Indian films that have appeared in the list.[28] Indian critics dubbed the film as India's answer to The Godfather.Template:Sfn[29][30] Nayakan was both commercially successful and critically acclaimed winning three National Awards—Best Actor, Best Cinematography and Best Art Direction—at the 35th National Film Awards.[23]Template:Sfn The film was India's official entry to the Oscars for Best Foreign Language Film at the 60th Academy Awards, but was not nominated.[31]

Following these two commercial successes, Mani wrote and directed Template:Lang in 1988.Template:Sfn The film deals with the story of half-brothers played by Prabhu and Karthik[23] and is notable for its use of new techniques in camera framework, especially during the songs.[32] The film had a successful run in the box office.[8]Template:Sfn

In 1989, Telugu actor Nagarjuna and Mani Ratnam collaborated for a Telugu film and it remains the only Telugu film directed by Ratnam.[33] The film Geethanjali which had Nagarjuna and Girija Shettar in the lead, told the story of an ill-fated couple, both of whom are suffering from terminal diseases.[8] Geethanjali was critically acclaimed and won the National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment in 1990. In addition, it won the Best Director and Nandi Award for Best Story Writer for Mani.[34] Mani maintained a momentum of making emotional stories of under-served people through the film Anjali in 1990, which starred Baby Shamili as the central character. The film which also had Raghuvaran and Revathy, told the story of an intellectually disabled child who changed the lives of people around her.[35] The film proved to be a commercial success and was nominated as India's official entry to the Oscars in the Best Foreign Language Film category at the 63rd Academy Awards.[35][36] Following Anjali's release, Mani later made another underworld-themed Tamil film, Thalapathi (1991), starring Rajinikanth and Mammootty.[37] The film was loosely based on Mahabharata, dealt with the friendship between Karna and Duryodhana portrayed by Rajinikanth and Mammmooty respectively.[23][38] The film met with both critical acclaim and commercial success upon release.[39] Ilaiyaraaja's musical score and Mani's work were highly appreciated as they both went on to win the Music Director and Best Director awards respectively at the 39th Filmfare Awards.[40]

National acclaim: 1992–1999

With Thalapathy, Mani ended his long-term association with music director Ilaiyaraaja, bringing in debutant music director A. R. Rahman to score his Tamil classic Roja (1992). The venture was successful, earning Mani various awards. Roja, a romantic film, was about terrorism in the Kashmir region.[8] Starring Arvind Swamy and Madhoo, it was nominated for the Golden St. George Award at the 18th Moscow International Film Festival.[41] It became highly popular, gaining an iconic status in Indian cinema and was dubbed into other languages and met similar success in other regions.Template:Sfn Mani took a more light-hearted approach with his next film—Thiruda Thiruda (1993). Scripted by Ram Gopal Varma,[42] the film was a fun filled caper,Template:Sfn which was a departure from Mani's previous style and fared moderately well at the box office. Thiruda Thiruda was premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival in 1994.[43]

Mani again teamed up with Ram Gopal Varma to provide the screenplay for the latter's Telugu film Gaayam, a socio-politico film loosely based on The Godfather.[44] In 1995, Mani returned to Tamil language drama through Bombay starring Arvind Swamy and Manisha Koirala, which told the story of a Hindu-Muslim couple in the midst of the 1993 religious Bombay riots and bombings. It was also the first Indian film to focus on marriage between Hindu and Muslim people.Template:Sfn The film met with controversy and censorship upon release.Template:Sfn It was subsequently dubbed into Hindi where it gained commercial success and appreciation by critics.Template:Sfn It won a number of awards, such as Nargis Dutt Award for Best Feature Film on National Integration, Political Film Society Awards|Special Award from the Political Film Society,[45] In the Spirit of Freedom Award at the Jerusalem International Film Festival[46] and the Gala Award at the Edinburgh International Film Festival.Template:Sfn

Mani produced his wife's directorial debut film, Indira,[47] and then directed the critically successful Iruvar with Mohanlal, Aishwarya Rai, Tabu and Prakash Raj in the lead. Iruvar was awarded the Best Film at the "Festival of the Auteur Films" at the FEST film festival held in Belgrade.[48] In 1998 came the third part of his "terrorism trilogy", named Dil Se.. and starring Shahrukh Khan and Manisha Koirala, with the latter fabricating the second collaboration.[49] It showed the relationship between a young man and a dangerous, disturbed woman. Although they fall in love, she is unable to take the romance further due to her bleak past. The soundtrack album, again composed by A. R. Rahman, gained mass appeal and gave Rahman his next Filmfare Award for Best Music Direction in 1999.Template:Sfn[50] Unlike his previous two projects, Dil Se.. opened with little note among film critics and performed poorly in the domestic market,[51] despite being a success overseas.[52][53][54] It was screened in many international film festivals, and won the Netpac award (Ex-Aqueo) in the Berlin International Film Festival.[55] The film over the years has achieved cult classic status.[56][57]

In 2000, Mani directed the romantic drama Alai Payuthey that starred R. Madhavan and Shalini. The film focussed on marriage and explored relationships and their consequences, and garnered critical recognition.[58][59] It was also screened at the Berlin International Film Festival.[60]

Along with Vasanth, he was instrumental in organising Netru, Indru, Naalai,[61] a stage musical that marked the first theatre production, with numerous other artistes, to aid The Banyan, an organisation that rehabilitates women and children with mental illness.[62][63]

Kannathil Muthamittal and onwards: 2002–2010

Mani's next film, Kannathil Muthamittal, dealt with the story of a child of Sri Lankan Tamil parentage adopted by Indian parents, who wishes to meet her biological mother during the Sri Lankan Civil War.[64] The film was critically acclaimed and commercially successful, winning six National Film Awards, Filmfare Award for Best Direction in Tamil, In the Spirit of Freedom Award at the Jerusalem Film Festival,[65] and an award at the Indian Film Festival of Los Angeles.[66] In 2004, he made Aayutha Ezhuthu, which tells the story of how one incident sends the lives of three youths on a collision course and received positive reviews.[67] Mani made the film simultaneously in Hindi as Yuva, his second venture into Bollywood. Ajay Devgn, Abhishek Bachchan, and Vivek Oberoi replaced Surya Sivakumar, R. Madhavan, and Siddharth, respectively in the Hindi version.[67] Unlike Yuva, Aayutha Ezhuthu was appreciated by critics. Mani suffered his first heart attack while shooting Aayutha Ezhuthu.[49]

In 2007, Mani made Guru, a biographical film based on the life of Dhirubhai Ambani, a business magnate from India.[68] The film starred Abhishek Bachchan and Aishwarya Rai.[69] The film, set in the early 1950s, became a box office success and received critical acclaim.[70] Guru was screened at the Tous Les Cinemas du Monde (World Cinema) section of the 2007 Cannes Film Festival.[71][72] In 2010, Mani worked on a bilingual film, titled Raavanan starting Vikram, Aishwarya Rai and Prithviraj Sukumaran in Tamil where in the film look was unveiled at 2010 Cannes Film Festival, as part of its marketing campaign.[73] and Raavan in Hindi.[74] The film was released worldwide on 18 June 2010.[75]

The film is loosely based on the Hindu epic Ramayana; its narrative occurs over 14 days when a revolutionist named Veera, who lives in a forest, kidnaps a policeman's wife to avenge his sister's death. The Tamil version received positive reviews from the critics compared to its other versions.[76] The New York Times called the movie a "critics' pick". However, the reviewers of the Hindi version panned the film; Rajeev Masand said it was "a crushing bore of a film, a disappointment on virtually every count"[77] The Tamil version was declared a box office success.[78]

Comeback: 2013–present

File:Mani Ratnam, AR Rahman & Vairamuthu at the Chekka Chivantha Vaanam Audio Launch.jpg
Mani Ratnam with AR Rahman & Vairamuthu at the Chekka Chivantha Vaanam Audio Launch

Mani's film, Kadal was released worldwide on 1 February 2013 to mixed reviews from critics and became a box office failure. Later the distributor of the film filed a police complaint against Mani on account of the huge losses suffered by him.[79]

His next film, romantic drama O Kadhal Kanmani starring Dulquer Salmaan and Nithya Menen as the lead pair, was released in April 2015. The cinematography and editing of the film was handled by P.C. Sreeram and A. Sreekar Prasad respectively, while music was scored by A. R. Rahman. The film depicted the life of a young couple in a live-in relationship in Mumbai, and was said to be a "reflection of the modern mindset of urban India", dealing with issues such as marriage and traditional values.[80] Made at a small budget of 6 crores, the film achieved widespread critical acclaim and commercial success.[81][82]

His next was Kaatru Veliyidai, starring Karthi, Aditi Rao Hydari and RJ Balaji.[83] The film, set in 1999 during the Kargil War, followed a pilot who, during his time as a prisoner of war, reflects on his failed love life. Kaatru Veliyidai was released in April 2017 to mixed reviews and received an average box office return.

After Kattru Veliyadai, Ratnam's next film was the crime thriller Chekka Chivantha Vaanam, starring Arvind Swami, Silambarasan, Arun Vijay and Vijay Sethupathi as the lead actors, while Jyothika, Aishwarya Rajesh, Aditi Rao Hydari and Dayana Erappa, Prakash Raj, Thiagarajan, and Mansoor Ali Khan rounded out the supporting cast. The film followed three children as they battled for complete power of their crime family following their father's unexpected demise. Chekka Chivantha Vaanam opened in September 2018 to positive reviews and was a box office success. His next project was confirmed to be Ponniyin Selvan: I, based on the Indian epic written by Kalki Krishnamurthy. The film has an ensemble cast consisting of Vikram, Karthi, Jayam Ravi, Jayaram, Rahman, Aishwarya Rai, Trisha, Aishwarya Lekshmi, R. Parthiban, Lal, Babu Antony, Ashwin Kakumanu, Prabhu, Sarathkumar, Sobhita Dhulipala, Vikram Prabhu and many more, play the prominent roles. The venture was jointly produced by Mani Ratnam and Subaskaran under their banners, Madras Talkies and Lyca Productions. The music was composed by A. R. Rahman, while Ravi Varman handled the cinematography of the film. A. Sreekar Prasad was the editor.[84][85] Initially planned as one film, reminiscent of Mughal-E-Azam, Ponniyin Selvan was divided into two parts. This was done to ensure that the audience would not be confused with the screenplay and story, adapted from the five books of the epic. The first part, Ponniyin Selvan: I, was released theatrically, on 30 September 2022.[86][87] The second part, Ponniyin Selvan: II released on 28 April 2023. His next film was Thug Life (2025) starring an ensemble cast of Kamal Hassan, Silambarasan, Trisha, Abhirami, Joju George, and Nassar.[88]

Craft, style, and technical collaborations

Mani Ratnam grew up watching the films of K. Balachander, Guru Dutt and Sivaji Ganesan.[89] He is greatly influenced by the film-making styles of Akira Kurosawa, Martin Scorsese, Krzysztof Kieślowski, Ingmar Bergman and Mahendran.[89][90]

Unlike most of his contemporaries, Mani Ratnam did not assist anybody in film-making prior to entering the industry.[91] A majority of his films are characterised by a string of socio-political themes.[92] Because of his idea of combining art and commercial elements, most of his films garnered both critical acclaim and commercial success.[92] Nayakan, Bombay and Iruvar were inspired from real-life incidents, while Thalapathi and Raavan were based on Indian epics.[43]

Mani Ratnam handled screenplays for a majority of his films. Lauded for his casting in each of his films, he claimed in an interview that "I am not a director who performs and shows. I discuss the role, the scene with my actors and let them bring life to it".[43] Right from the beginning of his career, his works were noted for their technical expertise in areas such as cinematography, art direction, editing and background score. For his debut film, he managed to handpick Balu Mahendra, Thotta Tharani, B. Lenin, and Ilaiyaraaja, leading craftsmen in their respective fields.Template:Sfn As his career progressed, he worked with his childhood friend P. C. Sreeram and continued his collaborations with him until Geethanjali. In 1991 for his film Thalapathi, he chose Santosh Sivan and Suresh Urs—both newcomers to the Tamil film industry—to do cinematography and editing respectively.Template:Sfn[93] Both would later become a part of his regular crew.[94] While working on Raavan, Santosh Sivan noted "any cameraman can hone his skills just working with Mani" and described Mani Ratnam's films as difficult to film.[94] From his debut project till Thalapathi, Ilaiyaraaja was his regular composer.[95] For his next film Roja (1992), he collaborated with debutant A. R. Rahman, who has been his regular composer for all his films to date.[95] Among cinematographers, he has also worked with Madhu Ambat, Rajiv Menon, Ravi K. Chandran, V. Manikandan and Ravi Varman while switching between Sreeram and Santosh Sivan otherwise.[96] Since Alai Payuthey, Sreekar Prasad has been his regular film editor.[97][98]

Awards and honours

Template:See also Mani is well recognised outside India with a retrospective of his films held at various film festivals around the world such as Toronto International Film Festival, Busan International Film Festival, Tokyo Filmex and Birmingham International Film Festival.[48] His films are screened regularly at many film festivals such as Venice Film Festival, Rotterdam Film Festival, Montreal World Film Festival and Palm Springs International Film Festival.[48]

The Government of India honoured Mani with the Padma Shri in 2002.[99] He has won several National Film Awards, Filmfare Awards, Filmfare Awards South and state awards. Apart from these awards, many of his films have been screened at various film festivals and have won numerous accolades. Geethanjali, directed by him won the Golden Lotus Award for Best Popular Film at the 37th National Film Awards. Other films like Mouna Ragam, Anjali, and Kannathil Muthamittal have won the Best Regional Film awards at the National Film Awards. Two of his films, Roja and Bombay have won the Nargis Dutt Award for Best Feature Film on National Integration. The former was also nominated for Best Film category at the 18th Moscow International Film Festival.[100] In 2010, Mani was honoured with Jaeger-Lecoultre Glory to the Filmmaker at the 67th Venice International Film Festival.[22][101] In July 2015, he was honoured with the Sun Mark Lifetime Achievement Award at the Bagri Foundation London Indian Film Festival for his esteemed contribution to international cinema.[102] Around the same time, the Museum of the Moving Image, New York City, paid a special tribute to Mani. His films Roja, Bombay, and Dil Se were screened at the museum as a retrospective.[103]

The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences invited Mani Ratnam to join its Directors Branch in 2023.[104][105]

Filmography

Template:Main

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Fantastic that films now recognised as Indian, not from north, or south: Mani Ratnam. The Indian Express(27 April 2023). Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  2. ↑ Everyone loves the black lady. The Times of India(12 August 2007). Retrieved 18 July 2015.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 66 things you probably didn't know about the living legend Mani Ratnam. HT Media. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  4. ↑ The timeless duo: Mani Ratnam and Ilaiyaraaja. The Week. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 A shooting success. India Today(15 February 1994). Retrieved 28 December 2015.
  6. ↑ White and Brahmin-Aryan Supremacism: A Journey Across the Film World, Nynnat, Sophia. Medium(23 January 2021). Retrieved 1 August 2023.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Film producer GV commits suicide, N, Sathiya Moorthy. Rediff. Retrieved 17 September 2011.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 Mani mantra for B-school. The Telegraph(10 September 2007). Retrieved 10 September 2011.
  9. ↑ The seamier side of film financing. The Hindu(10 May 2003). Retrieved 22 May 2012.
  10. ↑ Film producer G. Srinivasan dead. The Hindu(28 May 2007). Retrieved 17 September 2011.
  11. ↑ Maniratnam, the filmmaker, Singh, Vidya(3 November 2011). Retrieved 26 May 2012.
  12. ↑ Suhasini wishes her husband Mani Ratnam on their wedding anniversary. The Times of India(26 August 2018). Retrieved 6 July 2021.
  13. ↑ Mani Ratnam's son a hit at party meet. The Indian Express(2 April 2008). Retrieved 21 May 2012.
  14. ↑ Planet plush!(19 September 2009). Retrieved 23 May 2012.
  15. ↑ Security cover for Mani Ratnam reviewed. The Hindu(18 January 2003). Retrieved 10 September 2011.
  16. ↑ Did Mani Ratnam Sign Letter Written to Modi Over Mob Lynching? Yes. The Quint(30 July 2019). Retrieved 24 December 2021.
  17. ↑ 'How is it sedition?': Stalin condemns FIR against Mani Ratnam, Revathi and others. The News Minute(5 October 2019). Retrieved 24 December 2021.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 A life in cinema. The Hindu(27 August 2010). Retrieved 11 March 2012.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 Directorate of Film Festival. Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 11 February 2011.
  20. ↑ Mani on Mani. The Hindu(2 March 2005). Retrieved 11 March 2012.
  21. ↑ Pagal Nilavu (1985). Rediff(9 September 2010). Retrieved 11 March 2012.
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 Venice honours Mani Ratnam. Hindustan Times(7 September 2010). Retrieved 9 September 2011.
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 23.3 23.4 Nayagan (1987), Srinivasan, Pavithra. Rediff(9 June 2010). Retrieved 11 September 2011.
  24. ↑ Evolution of Dubbed Films in Andhra Pradesh(9 November 2010). Retrieved 5 September 2013.
  25. ↑ Nayagan/Dayavan. Rediff(29 March 2011). Retrieved 1 June 2012.
  26. ↑ Tragedy brings back memories of Nayagan. The Indian Express(7 October 2010). Retrieved 1 June 2012.
  27. ↑ Apu Trilogy, Pyasa, Nayakan in Time list of 100 great films. Outlook(23 May 2005). Retrieved 18 April 2012.
  28. ↑ Three Indian films make it to top 100 list, Tourtellotte, Bob. Sify(24 May 2005). Retrieved 10 September 2011.
  29. ↑ Sridevi calls me sir, says Kamal Hassan. CNN-IBN(19 August 2009). Retrieved 1 June 2012.
  30. ↑ Nayagan, Sarkar stand on their own. The Hindu(15 July 2005). Retrieved 1 June 2012.
  31. ↑ India's Oscar drill. The Indian Express(27 January 2008). Retrieved 31 May 2012.
  32. ↑ When a maestro cranks the camera. The Hindu(18 June 2005). Retrieved 31 May 2012.
  33. ↑ Nagarjuna, Mahesh Babu to star in Mani Ratnam's next, Jha, Subhash K.. Rediff. Retrieved 15 July 2021.
  34. ↑ 37th National Film Awards. Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 25 May 2012.
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 38th National Film Festival, 1991. Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 31 May 2012.
  36. ↑ 38th National Film Festival. Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 31 May 2012.
  37. ↑ Rajinikanth's Thalapathi to be remade in Bollywood. Oneindia.in(22 November 2011). Retrieved 29 May 2012.
  38. ↑ Rajni's Tamil Top 10. Rediff. Retrieved 11 September 2011.
  39. ↑ Mani Ratnam reunites with Bharat Shah, S Thakkar, Mehul(11 November 2011). Retrieved 29 May 2012.
  40. ↑ Won from the heart-39th Annual Filmfare Awards Nite-Winners. Filmfare({Template:Date).
  41. ↑ 18th Moscow International Film Festival (1993). Retrieved 9 March 2013.
  42. ↑ Raavan is unforgivably boring. Rediff(18 June 2010). Retrieved 29 May 2012.
  43. ↑ 43.0 43.1 43.2 Jewel of Indian cinema. AsiaOne(25 June 2010). Retrieved 27 December 2015.
  44. ↑ Retrospect: Gaayam (1993). Telugucinema.com(16 July 2009). Retrieved 6 March 2012.
  45. ↑ Previous Political Film Society Award Winners. Political Film Society. Retrieved 11 September 2011.
  46. ↑ 13th JFF. Retrieved 11 September 2011.
  47. ↑ A change of guard. Rediff(3 November 1998). Retrieved 29 May 2012.
  48. ↑ 48.0 48.1 48.2 The Director – Mani Ratnam. Retrieved 27 May 2012.
  49. ↑ 49.0 49.1 Mani Ratnam admitted to hospital. The Indian Express(15 April 2009). Retrieved 10 September 2011.
  50. ↑ Political Film Society – Previous Award Winners.
  51. ↑ Mani Ratnam's best in Bollywood. Retrieved 27 May 2012.
  52. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
  53. ↑ Bollywood films strike gold!, Nahta, Komal. Rediff(21 September 2000). Retrieved 24 May 2012.
  54. ↑ Box Office 1998. Box Office India. Retrieved 24 May 2012.
  55. ↑ 1999 Winners. Berlin International Film Festival. Retrieved 11 September 2011.
  56. ↑ As 'Dil Se' Completes 20 Years, We Wonder Why Bollywood Stopped Making Great Movies Like These(21 August 2018). Retrieved 21 November 2019.
  57. ↑ 17 Bollywood Cult Classics You Won't Believe Were Actually Flops(20 September 2014). Retrieved 21 November 2019.
  58. ↑ Film Review: Alaipayuthey. The Hindu(21 April 2000). Retrieved 29 May 2012.
  59. ↑ Weaving emotions into celluloid. The Hindu(21 April 2000). Retrieved 29 May 2012.
  60. ↑ 2000 Winners. Berlin International Film Festival. Retrieved 11 September 2011.
  61. ↑ Rahman musical extravaganza in the offing. The Hindu(15 June 2005). Retrieved 3 February 2012.
  62. ↑ The making of Planet Kollywood. The Hindu(4 August 2005). Retrieved 3 February 2005.
  63. ↑ Banyan pulls out of Dial 100 Mental Health Helpline services. The Hindu(23 November 2008). Retrieved 3 February 2012.
  64. ↑ Delicate flower caught in a storm, Tulika, Pearl. Rediff(26 February 2012). Retrieved 11 September 2011.
  65. ↑ The 20th JFF. Retrieved 11 September 2011.
  66. ↑ IFFLA 2003 Film Schedule. Retrieved 11 September 2011.
  67. ↑ 67.0 67.1 Portraits From the Class Struggle in Modern India. The New York Times(21 May 2004). Retrieved 10 September 2011.
  68. ↑ Spinning a yarn?. The Times of India(14 January 2007). Retrieved 17 April 2012.
  69. ↑ This is as big as it gets. The Hindu(6 October 2006). Retrieved 10 September 2011.
  70. ↑ Twinkle, twinkle, all stars!. The Hindu(28 December 2007). Retrieved 10 September 2011.
  71. ↑ Preview: Acceptance in Cannes bestows prestige and honour.
  72. ↑ Cannes, India celebrate 60 years.
  73. ↑ Cannes fete off to a start with 'Robin Hood'. The Hindu(14 May 2010). Retrieved 9 October 2013.
  74. ↑ Mani Ratnam to be honoured at Venice. The Indian Express(18 May 2010). Retrieved 9 September 2011.
  75. ↑ An Indian Epic With Bollywood Glamour. The New York Times(18 June 2010). Retrieved 10 September 2011.
  76. ↑ Vikram's Raavanan is better, as is Prithviraj's Dev. Rediff(18 June 2010). Retrieved 25 May 2012.
  77. ↑ Masand: 'Raavan' is a bore of a film. IBN Live(19 June 2010).
  78. ↑ Going Places. The Telegraph(10 October 2010). Retrieved 30 January 2013.
  79. ↑ Mani Ratnam gets police protection(28 February 2013). Retrieved 12 February 2014.
  80. ↑ Dil Raju suggested 'Ok Bangaram' title to Mani Ratnam. The Indian Express(23 March 2015). Retrieved 25 March 2015.
  81. ↑ Kanchana 2 and OK Kanmani are superhits. Sify(21 April 2015). Retrieved 4 October 2015.
  82. ↑ 'Ok Kanmani' Review Round-up: Dulquer Salmaan-Nithya Menen's Film Gets Positive Response. International Business Times(20 April 2015). Retrieved 24 March 2016.
  83. ↑ Mani Ratnam releases Kaatru Veliyidai poster, Karthi and Aditi Rao Hydari in lead(7 July 2016). Retrieved 7 July 2016.
  84. ↑ Its official! Mani Ratnams next to star Jyothika, Simbu, Vijay Sethupathi, Fahadh Faasil. Retrieved 18 September 2017.
  85. ↑ Cast for Mani Ratnam's next announced. The News Minute(16 September 2017). Retrieved 18 September 2017.
  86. ↑ Karthi confirms Mani Ratnam's Ponniyin Selvan is a two-part epic, part 1 will release in 2022.. Indian Express(20 July 2021). Retrieved 3 September 2021.
  87. ↑ Mani Ratnam's 'Ponniyin Selvan: Part One' to release on September 30, first looks out. The Hindu(2 March 2022).
  88. ↑ Thug Life teaser: Kamal Haasan unleashes fury in Mani Ratnam's epic; film to release on June 5, 2025. The Indian Express(2024-11-07). Retrieved 2025-02-08.
  89. ↑ 89.0 89.1 Straight From The Heart. Asian Age. Retrieved 19 May 2012.
  90. ↑ Cannes is not my goal. The Hindu(12 April 2002). Retrieved 28 March 2014.
  91. ↑ What makes Mani?, Jayanthi, K.(15 October 1995). Retrieved 29 February 2012.
  92. ↑ 92.0 92.1 Tiburon International Film Festival – Mani Ratnam. Retrieved 19 May 2012.
  93. ↑ A different role. The Hindu(23 December 2011). Retrieved 8 October 2013.
  94. ↑ 94.0 94.1 Santhosh Sivan on the sets of Raavan. Sify. Retrieved 8 October 2013.
  95. ↑ 95.0 95.1 Ilayaraja, Mani Ratnam bury differences?. The Times of India(5 April 2013). Retrieved 8 October 2013.
  96. ↑ Encountering transitions. The Hindu(27 January 2013). Retrieved 8 October 2013.
  97. ↑ Sreekar Prasad on editing a bilingual. Rediff(20 May 2004). Retrieved 8 October 2013.
  98. ↑ Let him say what he wants to!(24 June 2010). Retrieved 8 October 2013.
  99. ↑ Padma Awards. National Informatics Centre.
  100. ↑ Competition program: XVIII MIFF (1–12 july 1993). Retrieved 24 May 2012.
  101. ↑ Venezia 67 Awards. Venice Film Festival. Retrieved 11 September 2010.
  102. ↑ London Indian Film Festival Awards. London Indian Film Festival. Retrieved 20 July 2015.
  103. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
  104. ↑ THE ACADEMY INVITES 398 TO MEMBERSHIP. press.oscars.org. Retrieved 2025-08-14.
  105. ↑ Karan Johar, Ram Charan, Jr NTR, Mani Ratnam, Siddharth Roy Kapur invited to join Film Academy, will be eligible to vote for Oscars. The Indian Express(2023-06-29). Retrieved 2025-08-14.

Bibliography

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  • Speaking Havoc: Social Suffering and South Asian Narratives{{#if:Nagappan|, Nagappan}. University of Washington Press(1 December 2011). ISBN 978-0-295-80171-1
  • The cinemas of India{{#if:Thoraval|, Thoraval}. Macmillan India(1 February 2000). ISBN 978-0-333-93410-4
  • Film{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}. British Federation of Film Societies(1994)
  • Indian cinema{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}. Directorate of Film Festivals, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting(1988)
  • Contemporary world cinema: Europe, the Middle East, East Asia and South Asia{{#if:Chaudhuri|, Chaudhuri}. Edinburgh University Press(2005). ISBN 9780748617999
  • 1994 India. India Today({Template:Year).
  • 1988 India. India Today({Template:Year).
  • Bombay: BFI Film Classics{{#if:Gopalan|, Gopalan}. BFI Publishing(2005). ISBN 978-0-85170-956-7
  • Conversations with Mani Ratnam{{#if:Rangan|, Rangan}. Penguin Books Limited(2014). ISBN 978-81-8475-690-6
  • Maniratnam Padaippugal or Uraiyadal{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}. Kizhakku Pathippagam(2014). ISBN 9789351351573

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Further reading

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  • Narrative Theory: Critical Concepts in Literary and Cultural Studies{{#if:Bal|, Bal}. Taylor & Francis(2004). ISBN 978-0-415-31661-3
  • A rose by any other name: exploring the politics of Mani Ratnam's Roja.{{#if:Benjamin|, Benjamin}. Contemporary South Asia(2006)
  • The Illusion of Secularism: Mani Ratnam's Bombay and the Consolidation of Hindu Hegemony{{#if:Mallhi|, Mallhi}. CAPI Occasional Paper #31.Victoria: Centre for Asia-Pacific Initiatives(2006)
  • Contemporary Asian Cinema: Popular culture in a Global Frame{{#if:Terska Ciecko|, Terska Ciecko}. Berg Publishers(2006). ISBN 978-1-84520-237-8
  • Bombay: BFI Film Classics{{#if:Gopalan|, Gopalan}. BFI Publishing(2005). ISBN 978-0-85170-956-7
  • Speaking Havoc: Social Suffering & South Asian Narratives{{#if:Nagappan|, Nagappan}. University of Washington Press(2005). ISBN 978-0-295-98488-9
  • Tamil Cinema: The Cultural Politics of India's Other Film Industry{{#if:Velayutham|, Velayutham}. Routledge(2008). ISBN 978-0-415-39680-6

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