List of battles of Rajasthan

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File:Chokha, Battle of Haldighati, painted 1822.jpg
Battle of Haldighati, fought between Mughals and Maharana Pratap.


Several significant battles are recorded to have taken place in what is now known as Rajasthan.

Against the Arabs

Against the Ghurids

Against the Sultanates of Delhi, Gujarat and Malwa

Against Sur Empire

Against the Mughal Empire & their vassal kingdoms

  • Battle of Bayana (1527) – Babur marched with his army to capture Bayana but the Mughals were defeated by Rana Sanga, and Babur run from the battlefield to save himself.[38]
  • Battle of Khanwa (1527) – Rana Sanga led the Rajput armies against Babur of Ferghana.
  • Siege of Bikaner (1534) – Rao Jaitsi Rathore defeated Mughal force under Kamran brother of emperor Humayun.[39]
  • Battle of Harmada (1557) – Rao Maldeo Rathore defeated Udai Singh II and captured Merta.[40][41]
  • Battle of Ajmer (1559) – Akbar's general Qasim Khan annexed Ajmer from Maldeo Rathore.[42]
  • Battle of Merta (1562) – Akbar with the help of ruler of Bikaner and Amer defeated Rao Chandra Sen Rathore and captured Merta.
  • Battle of Lohawat (1562) – Rao Chandra Sen defeated Udai Singh.
  • Battle of Nadol (1563) – Rao Chandra Sen defeated Ramchandra Rathore. Ramchandra fled to Nagaur.
  • First Mughal Invasion of Marwar (1562-1583) – Akbar invaded Marwar and occupied Jodhpur. The ruler Rao Chandra Sen continued his struggle until his death in 1581 after which Marwar submitted to Mughal rule in 1583.[43]
  • Battle of Mandalgarh (1567) – Akbar advanced by Dholpur route taking the forts of Sivapura and Kota, he dispatched a Mughal army under Asaf khan to take surrounding forts. Mandalgarh was the first to be attacked but Asaf khan was repulsed by the faithful commander Ballu Sinhji, a Solanki Rajput. Later Asaf khan and Wazir khan conquered Mandalgarh by defeating the Solanki contingent of the fort.[44]
  • Siege of Chittorgarh (1567) – Akbar defeated Rao Jaimal and Patta Sisodiya (Udai Singh II escaped with his family to Aravali hills)
  • Siege of Ranthambore (1568) – A successful siege by Akbar causes the Rajput leader Rao Surjan Hada to surrender Ranthambore Fort.
  • Siege of Siwana (1572) – Mughal force under General Udai Singh Rathore defeated Kalyanmal Sinh Mahecha and Kalyandas Rathore and annexed powerful fort of Siwana which served as Rao Chandra Sen's capital was captured by the Mughals after a siege of 8 months.[45]
  • Battle of Haldighati (1576) – Battle between Man Singh I and Pratap Singh I.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
  • Battle of Dewair (1582) – Maharana Pratap fought against Mughal governor of Dewair Sultan Khan and defeated him and 36 Mughal posts were dissolved.[46]
  • Battle of Dattani (1583) – Rao Surtan Deora Chauhan of Sirohi defeated Mughal force.
  • Battle of Dewair (1606) – Fought in a valley 40 km from Kumbalgarh. Rana Amar Singh defeated, the Mughal prince Muhammad Parviz fled from the battlefield with his commander Asaf Khan III.[47][48]
  • Rajput War (1679–1707) also known as Rathore Rebellion – Aurangzeb took Marwar under his direct control after the death of Maharaja Jaswant Singh. The Rathore army under Veer Durgadas Rathore carried out a relentless struggle against the occupying forces. In 1707 after the death of Aurangzeb, Veer Durgadas defeated the local Mughal force and reoccupied Jodhpur and their lost territories.[49]
  • Battle of Khetasar (1680) – Veer Durgadas Rathore defeated Rao Indar Singh.
  • Battle of Udaipur (1680) – Aurangzeb attacked Mewar and plundered Udaipur, the citizens were safely escorted to Panarwa a hilly region by Rana Raj Singh but 63 temples in and around Udaipur were plundered and many villages were burned down by Aurangzeb's general Taj Khan. The Mughal army was eventually starved because of the scorched earth techniques and guerrilla warfare used by the Rana. Aurangzeb after a failed campaign left Mewar to his son Akbar and retreated to Ajmer.[50]
  • Battle of Aravalli hills (1680) – In the second half of 1680, after several months of such setbacks, Aurangzeb decided on an all-out offensive. Niccolao Manucci, an Italian gunner in the Mughal army, says: "for this campaign, Aurangzeb put in pledge the whole of his kingdom." Three separate armies, under Aurangzeb's sons Akbar, Azam and Muazzam, penetrated the Aravalli hills from different directions. However, their artillery lost its effectiveness while being dragged around the rugged hills and the Prince Akbar rebelled against Aurangzeb . Aurangzeb later complied to the demands of Rana Raj Sinh and Mewar was left alone.[51]
  • Battle of Khanana (1681-1687) – Rathore rebels under Veer Durgadas Rathore defeated Mughal force. This battle resulted in major victory for Rathores. Kumpawats captured Siwana town from Mughals. Mughal commander Purdil Khan was killed in this battle.[52]
  • Battle of Ajmer (1690) – Veer Durgadas Rathore defeated Safi Khan.
  • Battle of Jodhpur (1707) – Veer Durgadas Rathore took advantage of the disturbances following the death of Aurangzeb in 1707 to seize Jodhpur and eventually evict the occupying Mughal force out of Marwar.[53]
  • Annexation of Amer (1708) – Bahadur Shah I marched with a large army and annexed Amer without a war. Raja Sawai Jai Singh was forced to retreat with his army. Amber was named 'Mominabad' by the Mughal emperor.Template:Sfn
  • Battle of Merta (1708) – Bahadur Shah I's general Mihrab Khan defeated Ajit Singh of Marwar. The Mughal emperor was advised to stay in Ajmer as the Mughals were wary of the guerrilla tactics of Veer Durgadas. Ajit Singh however went against the advice of Durgadas Rathore and directly confronted the large Mughal army. The Mughals bombarded the Rathor horsemen with cannons and rockets and forced them to retreat after heavy losses. Jodhpur was once again occupied by the Mughals.Template:Sfn
  • Rajput Rebellion 1708-1710 – The three Rajput Raja's of Amber, Udaipur and Jodhpur made a joint resistance to the Mughals. The Rajputs first expelled the commandants of Jodhpur and Bayana and recovered Amer by a night attack. They next killed Sayyid Hussain Khan Barha in the "Battle of Sambhar (1709)". Ajit Singh also attacked Ajmer and forced its governor to pay tribute. Sayyid Hidayatullah, the governor of Ranthambor was also defeated, bringing a danger to the Mughal capital itself. Bahadur Shah I, then in the Deccan was forced to patch up a truce with the Rajput Rajas (1710).[54]
  • Siege of Jodhpur and Jaipur (1708) – Jai Singh and Ajit Singh storm Amber and Jodhpur and retake their capitals from the Mughal garrisons.[55]
  • Battle of Sambhar (1708) - Sayyid Hussain Barha of Mewat and Churaman Jat defeated near Sambhar by the Rathore-Kachwaha army. Barha shot dead with his two brothers.[55]
  • Battle of Javli (1710) – Mir Khan of Narnaul with 7000 Mughal troops and Churaman Jat with 6000 Jats effectively checked by Gaj Singh Naruka at Javli.[55]
  • Battle of Tonk (24 March 1710) – Muhammad Khan of Tonk defeated by the Rathore-Kachwaha army.[55]
  • Battle of Kama (1708) (October 4–7, 1708) – Ajit Singh Kachwaha, the zamindar of Kama defeated the combined armies of Mughals and Jats. The Mughal-Jat army numbered 18,000 while the Kachwahas had 10,000 horsemen. After a bitter fight the Mughal faujdar Raza Bahadur was killed and the injured Jat leader Churaman was forced to retreat to Thun.[56][57][58]
  • Battle of Bandanwara (1711) – Maharana Sangram Singh - II defeated Mughal force under Mir Bakshi and Zulfikar Khan.[59]
  • Jai Singh II's campaign against the Jats (1718-1722) – The Jats under Churaman had been actively looting and plundering in the Agra district due to which the Mughals had to close the roads to Delhi and Agra for the safety of the traders. In 1718 Sawai Jai Singh II was appointed by the Mughal emperor to destroy the Jat stronghold of Thun. Jai Singh surrounded the fort and was about to breach it when the Sayyid brothers, who were rivals of the Jaipur raja, made a separate peace with the Jats on behalf of the emperor. Jai Singh was forced to withdraw in disgust. Two years later Churaman died and his son Mokham Singh succeeded him. Mokhams first step as a ruler was to imprison his cousin Badan Singh. Badan asked for help from Sawai Jai Singh II. Jai Singh readily set upon Thun and captured it after a six-month siege. Mokham was forced to flee and Badan Singh was made the Raja of Deeg on the condition that he pays tribute.[60]

Post-Mughal Battles

See also

References

  1. ↑ R. C. Majumdar 1977, p. 298-299
  2. ↑ Beny & Matheson, p. 149.
  3. ↑ History of Rajasthani Literature{{#if:Maheshwari|, Maheshwari}. Sahitya Akademi(1980)
  4. ↑ A Textbook of Medieval Indian History{{#if:Sen|, Sen}. Primus Books(2013). ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4
  5. ↑ The History and Culture of the Indian People: The Delhi Sultante{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan(1960)
  6. ↑ Rajput Victories in Indian History.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Glory of Marwar and glorious Rathores Page no. 27
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Marwar ka itihas Page no. 54
  9. ↑ Gazetteers Of India Rajasthan (barmer) Page no. 33
  10. ↑ A History of Rajasthan{{#if:Hooja|, Hooja}. Rupa and co.(2006). ISBN 9788129115010
  11. ↑ Gazetteers Of India Rajasthan (barmer) Page no. 34
  12. ↑ Glory of Marwar and glorious Rathores Page no. 28
  13. ↑ Rajasthan through the ages vol 5, pg 36.
  14. ↑ Rajasthan through the ages vol 5, pg 5.
  15. ↑ A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books.
  16. ↑ Har Bilas Sarda "Maharana Kumbha: sovereign, soldier, scholar" pg 47
  17. ↑ Rajasthan through the ages vol 5, pg 4.
  18. ↑ Rajasthan through the ages vol 5, pg 30.
  19. ↑ Rajasthan through the ages vol 5, pg 18.
  20. ↑ A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. pp. 116–117
  21. ↑ Rajasthan through the ages vol 5, pg 9.
  22. ↑ Rajasthan through the ages vol 5, pg 11.
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 Rajasthan through the ages vol 5, pg 12.
  24. ↑ Glories of Marwar and the glorious Rathore, pg 32.
  25. ↑ Glories of marwar and the glorious Rathore,pg 32.
  26. ↑ Maharana Sanga; the Hindupat, the last great leader of the Rajput race, pg -6, by Sarda Har Bilas, Diwan Bahadur, 1867-1955
  27. ↑ Indian States a biographical, sustainable and administrative survey by jw solomon
  28. ↑ A History of Rajasthan, Section:The State of Mewar, AD 1500- AD 1600{{#if:Hooja|, Hooja}. Rupa & Company(2006). ISBN 9788129108906
  29. ↑ Maharana Sanga by Har Bilas SardaTemplate:Pn
  30. ↑ History of Gujarat Kingdom, 1458-1537{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}. Munshiram Manoharlal(1975). ISBN 9780883865736
  31. ↑ The Hindupat, the Last Great Leader of the Rajput Race. 1918. Reprint. London pg 84-86
  32. ↑ Gazetteers Of India Rajasthan (barmer) Page no. 35
  33. ↑ Rajasthan pg.70 by Dharmpal
  34. ↑ Hooja, Rima (2018). Rajasthan, A Concise History. Rupa & Company. pp. 353–355. ISBN 9788129150431.
  35. ↑ Glories of Marwar and glorious Rathore pg. 38
  36. ↑ Majumdar, R.C. (ed.) (2006). The Mughal Empire, Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, pp. 81-2
  37. ↑ Mahajan, V.D. (1991, reprint 2007). History of Medieval India, Part II, New Delhi: S. Chand, Template:ISBN, p.43
  38. ↑ Satish Chandra 2006 p=33
  39. ↑ Hooja, Rima (2006). A History of Rajasthan. Rupa and company. p. 541. ISBN 9788129108906
  40. ↑ Akbarnama II pg 72
  41. ↑ Jodhpur Khyat pg 76
  42. ↑ Akbarnama II pg 46
  43. ↑ Studies in Mughal History pg 91 by Ashwini Agrawal
  44. ↑ The rajputs:A fighting race by jessarji sisodiya
  45. ↑ Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals Part - II pg-120, by Satish Chandra
  46. ↑ Mewar & the Mughal Emperors (1526-1707 A.D.){{#if:|, {{{last}}}}. S.L. Agarwala(1954)
  47. ↑ [{{{url}}} District Gazetteers](2001).
  48. ↑ [{{{url}}} A military history of medieval India](2003).
  49. ↑ The Cambridge History of India pg 248-304
  50. ↑ Maharana Raj Singh and His Times By Ram Sharma
  51. ↑ Storia do Mogor By Niccolao Manucci
  52. ↑ Rajput Rebellion against Aurangzeb page no.76
  53. ↑ Cambridge history of India pg. 304
  54. ↑ The Cambridge History of India, Volume 3 pg 322
  55. ↑ 55.0 55.1 55.2 55.3 A History of Jaipur: C. 1503-1938{{#if:Sarkar|, Sarkar}. Orient Blackswan(1994). ISBN 9788125003335
  56. ↑ AKhbarat, Kartik Sudi 5, Samvat, 1765 (7 October 1708) quoted by U.N. Sharma, Itihas, I, 215, 212-215
  57. ↑ Kamwar, II, 315
  58. ↑ Template:Harvnb
  59. ↑ History of Mewar, p324
  60. ↑ https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/text.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V08_081.gif Template:Bare URL image
  61. ↑ A History of Jaipur pg-200 by Jadunath Sarkar
  62. ↑ Fall of the Mughal Empire pg-139-140 by Jadunath Sarkar
  63. ↑ Harcharandas in Chahar Gulzar 377b-379b
  64. ↑ Rajasthan Through the Ages pg 182
  65. ↑ Rajasthan through the Ages vol 4 pg.188
  66. ↑ Rajasthan through the Ages vol 4 pg.189
  67. ↑ Rajasthan through the Ages vol 4 pg.196
  68. ↑ Fall Of The Mughal Empire- Vol. I (4Th Edn.), Volume 1, By Jadunath Sarkar pg.159
  69. ↑ Fall of the Mughal Empire Vol 2{{#if:Sarkar|, Sarkar}. Orient BlackSwan; First edition(2007)
  70. ↑ Thirty decisive battles of Jaipur - Rao Bahadur Thakur Narendra Singh, Mansabdar of Jobner, Education Minister, Jaipur State - Pg 204
  71. ↑ Rajasthan Through the Ages By R.K. Gupta, S.R. Bakshi pg.202-204
  72. ↑ 72.0 72.1 History of Jaipur by Jadunath Sarkar pg. 256
  73. ↑ The Rajputana gazetteers - 1880
  74. ↑ 74.0 74.1 A History of Rajasthan{{#if:Hooja|, Hooja}. Rupa and company(2006). ISBN 9788129115010
  75. ↑ Imperial Gazetteer2 of India, Volume 16, page 134 -- Imperial Gazetteer of India -- Digital South Asia Library.
  76. ↑ Tikkiwal, Harish Chandra (1974). Jaipur and the Later Mughals (1707-1803 A.D.): A Study in Political Relations
  77. ↑ History of Jaipur by Jadunath Sarkar pg. 355
  78. ↑ Gupta, R.K.; Bakshi, S.R. (2008). Studies In Indian History: Rajasthan Through The Ages The Heritage Of Rajputs (Set Of 5 Vols.). Sarup & Sons. p. 261. ISBN 978-81-7625-841-8.
  79. ↑ Sinh, Raghubir. A History Of Jaipur. pp. 310–313
  80. ↑ thirty decisive battles of jaipur - Rao Bahadur Thakur Narendra Singh, Mansabdar of Jobner, Education Minister, Jaipur State - Pg 204
  81. ↑ The Central India Campaign. "Khushal Singh, the Thakur of Awah, who was in rebellion against the British. On 8 September the Legion defeated a force of Jodhpur's loyal Raja's local levies."
  82. ↑ Political Awakening and Indian Freedom Movement with Special Reference to Rajasthan pg 28-35
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