Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum 1956 film

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Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum 1956 film
File:Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum 1956 poster.jpg


Theatrical release poster

Directed by T. R. Sundaram
Written by Modern Theatres Story Department
Produced by T. R. Sundaram
Starring M. G. Ramachandran
P. Bhanumathi
Cinematography W. R. Subba Rao
Edited by L. Balu
Music by Susarla Dakshinamurthi





Country India
Language Tamil



Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum (Template:Translation) is a 1956 Indian Tamil-language fantasy swashbuckler film directed and produced by T. R. Sundaram of Modern Theatres. The film stars M. G. Ramachandran and P. Bhanumathi, with K. Sarangapani, P. S. Veerappa, K. A. Thangavelu, M. N. Rajam, Sushila, Vidhyavathi, and M. G. Chakrapani in supporting roles. It revolves around Alibaba, a woodcutter who becomes wealthy after finding a secret treasure cave, but must keep his source of wealth a secret to lead a peaceful life.

Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum was shot in Gevacolor and is notable for being the first Tamil and South Indian full-length colour film. It is a remake of the 1954 Hindi film Alibaba Aur 40 Chor, itself based on the story Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves from One Thousand and One Nights. It is also the second Tamil film adaptation of that story, after the 1941 film of the same name. Filming took place mainly at Mysore and Yercaud. The soundtrack was composed by Susarla Dakshinamurthi, and re-used many songs from Alibaba Aur 40 Chor.

Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum was released on 14 January 1956, during the festive occasion of Pongal. It was a milestone in Ramachandran's career and became a success at the box office which was largely attributed to it being the first full-length colour film in South India. The songs also attained popularity. The film won the Film Fans' Association Award for Best Tamil Film.

Plot

Marziana, a Baghdad-based dancer, is abducted by the tyrant Sher Khan, commander of the notorious king Amir Kasim Khan, to his palace. She is rescued by Alibaba, a woodcutter who fights with Sher Khan and vanquishes him. Marziana and her sidekick Dowlath find refuge in Alibaba's house who lives with his sister Ayisha and servant Bulbul. Marziana learns that they are the siblings of Kasim, who had driven them out at the instigation of his cruel wife Salima. Marziana and Alibaba later fall in love. When Alibaba goes to cut wood, he chances upon the cavernous hideout of Abu Hussain, the leader of forty dacoits, and overhears the secret code to enter and exit the cave. After the dacoits leave, Alibaba uses the code word, enters the hideout, and takes some of the cave's wealth which he uses to help poor people nearby. Both Alibaba and Marziana become wealthy overnight.

Kasim becomes jealous when he hears about his brother's fortune and wishes to uncover the secret behind it. Under Salima's guidance, he invites Alibaba and his household to a feast. After cunningly discovering the secret of the dacoits' cave, Kasim sentences Alibaba to death, falsely accusing him of attempted murder. Marziana pretends to heed Kasim's order, declaring that Alibaba has been unfaithful to her and deserves this retribution. Taking a knife, Marziana acts as though she intends to kill Alibaba, but instead cuts the ropes binding his hands. A fight ensues between Alibaba and Kasim's thugs, during which Salima is accidentally killed. However, Alibaba manages to subdue them and escapes with his allies.

Kasim enters the cave and greedily begins collecting treasures. He soon forgets the code word and finds himself trapped. The dacoits return and kill him for trespassing into their secret cave. Alibaba later visits the location and is shocked to find his brother dead; he takes the corpse away. After Kasim's death is publicly announced, Alibaba is proclaimed the new king of Baghdad, and everyone rejoices. Meanwhile, the dacoits return to their cave and discover that Kasim's corpse is missing. Realising that someone else has entered their cave, they begin searching for this mysterious intruder. From the cobbler Ghulam's assertion that the woodcutter Alibaba has become wealthy overnight, Abu Hussain deduces that it was Alibaba who uncovered the secret of the cave, but then kills Ghulam. He subsequently plots to kill Alibaba.

Having his men hide inside barrels, Abu Hussain approaches Alibaba's house disguised as an oil merchant seeking shelter for the night. However, Marziana overhears him whispering to his men, recognising his true identity. While she dances at a banquet hosted by Alibaba in honour of the guest, Dowlath and Bulbul roll the barrels one by one towards the waterfall as per their plan. After Marziana attempts unsuccessfully to stab the "oil merchant," she exposes him as Abu Hussain, shocking Alibaba. This revelation leads to a confrontation between the two men, culminating in Abu Hussain kidnapping Marziana and fleeing to the cave. Alibaba pursues him and reaches the cave, where he kills Abu Hussain after an intense battle. After rescuing Marziana, they marry and continue their social work.

Cast

Template:Col-begin Template:Col-break

Male cast[1]

Template:Col-break

Female cast[1]
Dance[1]

Template:Col-end

Production

Development

After the success of the Hindi film Alibaba Aur 40 Chor (1954), based on the story Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves from One Thousand and One Nights, Modern Theatres bought the rights to remake the film in Tamil as Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum.[2] The film's story is credited to the Modern Theatres' Story Department.[3] Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum became the second major Tamil film adaptation of the story of Ali Baba; the first was the 1941 film of the same name.Template:Sfn[4] While that version was a comedy, this one was more action-oriented.[5]

In addition to producing, Modern Theatres founder T. R. Sundaram also directed the film.[6] A. J. Dominic was signed as the film's art director, while W. R. Subba Rao, L. Balu, and Murasoli Maran were in charge of the cinematography, editing, and dialogues respectively.Template:Sfn[7] A. K. Chopra and K. N. Dhandayudhapani Pillai were in charge of the choreography.[8]

Casting

M. G. Ramachandran was cast as Alibaba,Template:Sfn this being the final of his three-film contract with Modern Theatres, following Manthiri Kumari (1950) and Sarvadhikari (1951).[9] He was paid Template:INRConvertTemplate:Efn for acting in the film.Template:Sfn The screenplay was written in a way that would suit his then "swashbucking" image,Template:Sfn as opposed to the original story where the character was a "gullible simpleton".Template:Sfn

Padmini was initially cast as Marziana, but she was eventually replaced by P. Bhanumathi.[10] Bhanumathi liked the film, one of her earliest in Tamil, because she found her character a "go-getter".[11] In her autobiography, Bhanumathi noted that after she heard the story, she considered her role to be much better than that in Missamma (1955), from which she was fired after filming only four reels, adding that after she accepted to work on this film, she got more acting offers from Tamil film producers.Template:Sfn

Ramachandran's elder brother M. G. Chakrapani was cast in the role of Alibaba's elder brother Amir Kasim Khan.[1][12] Jayalalithaa's aunt Ambujavalli appeared as Kassim's wife Salima, using the screen name Vidhyavathi.[1][13] Waheeda Rehman, who later became a leading actress in Hindi cinema, appeared as a dancer in the number "Salaam Babu",[14][15] while the dancer duo Sayee–Subbulakshmi appeared in the song "Naama Aaduvadhum".[1][16]

Filming

Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum was shot entirely on indoor sets, with the exception of a few horse riding sequences. For changes of scenes, irises and wipes were used which, according to Encyclopaedia of Indian Cinema by Ashish Rajadhyaksha and Paul Willemen, added a "sense of anachronism" to the film.Template:Sfnm It was also the first full-length Tamil colour film,Template:Sfnm shot in Gevacolor.[9][17] Rajadhyaksha and Willemen claim it to be the first South Indian film in Gevacolor,Template:Sfn despite the fact that the 1955 Tamil film Kanavane Kankanda Deivam had a few sequences in Gevacolor.Template:Sfn The scenes involving horses, which belonged to the Mysore Reserve Police, were shot at Mysore over ten days.[18] The thieves' cave, designed by Dominic,[19] was created at two locations – the exterior cave scenes with the horses were shot at Mysore, while the interior scenes were shot at Yercaud near Salem.[18][20] Sundaram brought twenty horses from Mysore for the shoot at Yercaud.[18] The jewels and gold coins featured in the film were actually clay painted in gold.[21] One of the horses rode by Ramachandran was Sundaram's own.[22]

In one particular scene, Ramachandran objected to the dialogue where he had to swear in the name of Allah, as he was then associated with the rationalist Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam. He suggested that the dialogue be changed to swearing in the name of his mother, but was finally asked by the director to use the original dialogue.[19]Template:Sfn For the scene where Bulbul (M. N. Rajam) and Dowlath (K. Sarangapani) roll the barrels containing the hiding dacoits one by one into the waterfall, Sundaram finalised Hogenakkal Falls as the shooting spot. Shooting also took place on an identical set designed by Dominique. The scenes taken on set were combined with the outdoor scenes seamlessly.[23] When only a song and a fight sequence were left to be finished, Ramachandran could not appear for the shoot, since he had to shoot for Madurai Veeran (1956).[2] As Sundaram was unwilling to wait for Ramachandran's return, those portions were eventually shot with Karadimuthu, who acted as a body double for Ramachandran.[19][24] Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum was processed at the Film Centre, Bombay (now Mumbai).[7] The final length of the film was Template:Convert.[25]

Themes and influences

Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum is based on the story of Ali Baba from One Thousand and One Nights.Template:Sfnm Although the tale and costumes are middle eastern, Marziana, a Muslim, often refers to Yama, the Hindu god of death.Template:Sfn Historian Sachi Sri Kantha noted that various Ramachandran films reflect the 1950s trend of films being "costume dramas" that focus on princes and folk heroes, citing Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum as an example.[26]

Ramachandran was an avid fan of action heroes like Errol Flynn, John Barrymore, and Douglas Fairbanks. Throughout the 1950s, he acted in films that justified his status as an action hero.Template:Sfn Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum portrayed him as a swashbuckling action hero who also has a Robin Hood-like agenda of serving the poor and the downtrodden with the treasure he finds in the cave.Template:Sfn Udhav Naig of The Hindu noted that through Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum and several other films, Ramachandran "posited a cleverly-crafted image of being one among the working classes and poorer sections, raising a fist against injustice."[27]

Rajadhyaksha and Willemen, in Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema, compare it to Ramachandran's other films like Malaikkallan (1954) and Madurai Veeran (1956) as they are also Robin Hood-inspired, and because Bhanumathi plays a damsel in distress in them.Template:Sfn The French website Jol-Press compared it to Manthiri Kumari because both films feature Ramachandran as a Flynn-inspired hero.[28]

Music

The film's original soundtrack and score were composed by Susarla Dakshinamurthi,Template:Sfn while the lyrics were written by A. Maruthakasi.[29][30] T. R. Sundaram decided to use the same tunes set from Alibaba Aur 40 Chor. Udumalai Narayana Kavi was offered to write the lyrics. He declined, saying that he would only write lyrics for fresh tunes and recommended Maruthakasi.[31] The song "Azhagaana Ponnu Naan" is based on "Dekho Ji Shanti Nikla", "Masila Unmai Kathale" is based on "Ae Saba Unse Kah Jara", "Chinnanjiru Chitte" is based on "Chalo Chalo Chale Hum Babul Ke Tale", and "En Aattamellaam" is based on "Sharmake Lajake"; all from Alibaba Aur 40 Chor.[32][33] The dilruba in the songs were played by Shanmugham.[34] "Azhagaana Ponnu Naan" is set in the Mayamalavagowla raga.[35]Template:Sfn The opening line of "Azhagaana Ponnu Naan" was later used in a song titled "Azhagana Ponnu Thaan" from Nenjirukkum Varai (2006).[36] "Ullasa Ulagam" was later remixed by Pravin Mani and Vidyasagar in Jayamkondaan (2008).[37] "Chinnanchiru Chitte" was remixed in Muruga (2007).[38] Elements from the song were also used in "Andangkaka" from Anniyan (2005).[39] The songs received positive reviews with "Azhagaana Ponnu Naan", "Masila Unmai Kathale", and "Ullaasa Ulagam" becoming popular among the masses.[30]

Template:Track listing

Release and reception

Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum was released on 14 January 1956,[40] during the festive occasion of Pongal,[41] delayed from a 12 January release.[42] Historian V. Sriram believes it was the first Tamil film to take advantage of block colour advertising.[43] The film was a commercial success and ran for over 100 days in theatres.[44] Tamil film historian S. Theodore Baskaran wrote in his 1996 book The Eye of the Serpent, "The film's cast of M.G. Ramachandran as the swash-buckling Alibaba, Bhanumathi as the singing-heroine ... and Thangavelu as the comedian was the main factor contributing to its huge success." He said another factor attributed to the film's success that it was the first full-length South Indian colour film.Template:Sfn Sachi Sri Kantha felt that the Gevacolor looked somewhat "washed out" and "inferior" to other colouring processes like Eastmancolor and versions of Fujicolor. He said the film succeeded with the Tamil masses because "it was a first time experience they could enjoy the [colour] in totality. This is because illiterate Tamil masses would have watched Hollywood movies produced in [colour] for entertainment. But, being illiterate, [the] majority wouldn't have comprehended the dialogues and songs in English."[9] It won the Film Fans' Association Award for Best Tamil Film.[45][46] The film was later dubbed in Telugu as Ali Baba 40 Dongalu.[47][48] Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum had a limited re-release on 14 April 2011, during the festive occasion of Puthandu (Tamil New Year) in Chennai.[49] The film was released on home video by Moser Baer in June 2010,[50] and by Raj Video Vision in April 2012.[51]

Legacy

Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum became a "landmark" in Ramachandran's acting career,[52] and set a "precedent for many buccaneer-style characters" he would portray in his later films.[53] In Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema, Rajadhyaksha and Willemen said the film was one of Ramachandran's "most characteristic 50s genre films".Template:Sfn

Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum has been referenced in many films. Janagaraj's character Sethupathi in Rajadhi Raja (1989) sings a portion of "Ullasa Ulagam", before meeting with a fate similar to that of Ghulam in Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum.[54] Goundamani and Sathyaraj's characters imitate the song "Maasila Unmai Kadhale" in Rickshaw Mama (1992).[55] Vellaisamy (Vadivelu) and Pazhanisamy (Vivek) sing the beginning portion of "Ullasa Ulagam" in Pongalo Pongal (1997).[56] In Baba (2002), the title character (Rajinikanth) and his friends see the clip where Alibaba closes the cave using the phrase "close sesame" after entering it using the words "open sesame".[57] Actor Narayan Lucky has stated that his 2015 film Thiranthidu Seese was named after the dialogue of the same name spoken by Ramachandran in Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum.[58] In Thoppi (2015), the Minister for Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments orders police inspector Kuzhanthaisamy to find a stolen film reel box; the film is Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum.[59]

Notes

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References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 அலிபாபாவும் 40 திருடர்களும்{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}. Modern Theatres(c. 1956)
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves: The first colour Tamil film, Ramakrishnan, Venkatesh. DT Next(2 July 2022). Retrieved 20 November 2022.
  3. ↑ Template:Cite AV media
  4. ↑ Ali Babavum Naarpathu Thirudargalum 1941. The Hindu(1 May 2011). Retrieved 3 July 2012.
  5. ↑ பிளாஷ்பேக்: என்.எஸ்.கிருஷ்ணன் ஹீரோவாக நடித்த அலிபாபாவும் 40 திருடர்களும். Dinamalar(23 July 2017). Retrieved 29 July 2017.
  6. ↑ Leeds, love and Modern Theatres. The Hindu(29 June 2014). Retrieved 11 September 2016.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Template:Cite AV media
  8. ↑ Template:Cite AV media
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 MGR Remembered – Part 11, Sri Kantha, Sachi. Ilankai Tamil Sangam(28 September 2013). Retrieved 6 September 2016.
  10. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
  11. ↑ No stereotyping her. The Hindu(8 January 2006). Retrieved 7 September 2016.
  12. ↑ Fame eluded this sibling of an icon. The Hindu(16 February 2012). Retrieved 9 September 2012.
  13. ↑ என்னருமை தோழி..! 29 – திருமணப் பேச்சு!. Hindu Tamil Thisai(9 February 2017). Retrieved 6 December 2021.
  14. ↑ Tamil Nadu's trailblazing Modern Theatres studio spun romances, period dramas and colour films, Bali, Karan. Scroll.in(2 January 2015). Retrieved 6 September 2016.
  15. ↑ வேட்டையாடு விளையாடு 06: முதல் 'கேவா' கலர் திரைப்படம்!. Hindu Tamil Thisai(27 October 2017). Retrieved 6 December 2021.
  16. ↑ Template:Cite AV mediaTemplate:Cbignore
  17. ↑ MGR Remembered – Part 10 | Budding hero between 1947 and 1949, Sri Kantha, Sachi. Ilankai Tamil Sangam(11 August 2013). Retrieved 8 September 2016.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 முதலாளி! (10). Dinamalar(5 May 2013). Retrieved 12 May 2017.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 எம்.ஜி.ஆர். இல்லாமல் நடந்த எம்.ஜி.ஆர் படப்பிடிப்பு!. Hindu Tamil Thisai(21 March 2014). Retrieved 6 January 2021.
  20. ↑ Coimbatore's celluloid connection. The Hindu(24 May 2014). Retrieved 8 September 2016.
  21. ↑ I am.... The Hindu(7 January 2013). Retrieved 6 September 2016.
  22. ↑ எம்ஜிஆர் 100 | 66: கேட்காதவர்களுக்கும் உதவியவர்!. Hindu Tamil Thisai(17 May 2016). Retrieved 6 December 2021.
  23. ↑ முதலாளி! (10). Dinamalar(5 May 2013). Retrieved 6 December 2021.
  24. ↑ பிளாஷ்பேக்: காதல் டூயட்டில் பானுமதியுடன் ஆடிய எம்.ஜி.ஆரின் டூப். Dinamalar(12 August 2017). Retrieved 23 August 2017.
  25. ↑ Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum. Central Board of Film Certification. Retrieved 8 September 2016.
  26. ↑ MGR Remembered – Part 21 | Generativity in DMK Party of 1950s, Sri Kantha, Sachi. Ilankai Tamil Sangam(30 September 2014). Retrieved 14 September 2016.
  27. ↑ Stars in politics: No jump cuts in T.N.. The Hindu(7 January 2018). Retrieved 18 January 2018.
  28. ↑ Les dieux du cinéma tamoul, Overdorf, Jason. Jol-Press(22 July 2012). Retrieved 14 September 2016.
  29. ↑ Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum (1956). Raaga.com. Retrieved 18 March 2013.
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 திருப்புமுனை திரைப்படங்கள் – 29 – அலிபாபாவும் நாற்பது திருடர்களும் (1956). Cinema Express(1 September 2012). Retrieved 8 September 2016.
  31. ↑ மாடர்ன் தியேட்டர்ஸ் – மருதகாசி மோதல்: உண்மையை கண்டுபிடித்த டி.ஆர்.சுந்தரம். Maalai Malar(31 July 2017). Retrieved 4 August 2017.
  32. ↑ பொன்னு விளையிற பூமியில் பொற்காலப் பாடல்கள் தந்த மருதகாசி!. Dinamalar(26 September 2016). Retrieved 24 July 2017.
  33. ↑ MGR's Ali Baba, Sriram, V.. Madras Heritage and Carnatic Music(17 January 2019). Retrieved 8 June 2019.
  34. ↑ இசையின் மொழி தில்ரூபா சரோஜா. Hindu Tamil Thisai(26 January 2014). Retrieved 6 December 2021.
  35. ↑ A Raga's Journey – The magic of Mayamalavagowla. The Hindu(11 November 2011). Retrieved 21 November 2014.
  36. ↑ Nenjirukkum varai: Mixed bag, Srinivas, Saraswathy. Rediff.com(6 December 2006). Retrieved 14 September 2016.
  37. ↑ Jeyam Kondaan's music is unoriginal, Srinivasan, Pavithra. Rediff.com(12 June 2008). Retrieved 18 March 2013.
  38. ↑ Muruga offers routine stuff, Srinivas, Saraswathy. Rediff.com(21 December 2006). Retrieved 15 March 2015.
  39. ↑ Dibbaradindi. The Hindu(25 September 2016). Retrieved 28 September 2016.
  40. ↑ MGR Remembered – Part 22 | Sibling Rivalry and Siblicide in DMK of 1950s, Sri Kantha, Sachi. Ilankai Tamil Sangam(3 November 2014). Retrieved 11 September 2016.
  41. ↑ Films that are 50: Come, fall in love again with 'Anbe Vaa', Bali, Karan. Scroll.in(14 January 2016). Retrieved 20 March 2016.
  42. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
  43. ↑ Advertising in Madras, Sriram, V.. Madras Heritage and Carnatic Music(5 April 2011). Retrieved 15 December 2018.
  44. ↑ ஆன்லைன் ராஜா 01: உலக நாயகன். Hindu Tamil Thisai(14 November 2017). Retrieved 6 December 2021.
  45. ↑ Awards for Best Films and Stars of 1956. The Indian Express(13 April 1957). Retrieved 2 January 2019.Template:Cbignore
  46. ↑ அன்றிலிருந்து இன்றுவரை சினிமா. Vlambaram(1 March 1999). Retrieved 6 December 2021.
  47. ↑ Old favourites come handy for new shows. The Hindu(23 September 2009). Retrieved 7 September 2016.
  48. ↑ 1956 – அலிபாபாவும் 40 திருடர்களும் – மாடர்ன் தியேட்டர்ஸ் (அலிபாபா 40 தெலுங்கலு – (தெ-டப்).. Lakshman Sruthi. Retrieved 13 May 2017.
  49. ↑ Lights, Camera, Conversation... – A dinosaur roams again. The Hindu(29 April 2011). Retrieved 8 September 2016.
  50. ↑ Platinum Series – Alibaba 40 Thirudargalum. Amazon(28 June 2010). Retrieved 7 September 2016.
  51. ↑ Alibabavum 40 Thirudargalum. Raj Video Vision(2 April 2012). Retrieved 18 March 2013.
  52. ↑ Following a star. The Hindu(2 September 2011). Retrieved 26 March 2012.
  53. ↑ MGR's centenary: The man who dominated Tamil films for 3 decades. Hindustan Times(17 January 2017). Retrieved 17 January 2017.
  54. ↑ Template:Cite AV media
  55. ↑ Template:Cite AV media
  56. ↑ Template:Cite AV media
  57. ↑ Template:Cite AV media
  58. ↑ Narayan Balances Comedy and Thrill. The New Indian Express(19 May 2015). Retrieved 14 September 2016.
  59. ↑ Thoppi Movie Review. The Times of India(7 March 2015). Retrieved 7 September 2016.

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