India has a multi-party system. The Election Commission of India (ECI) accords recognition to the national level and the state level political parties based upon objective criteria. A recognised political party enjoys privileges like a reserved party symbol,Template:Efn free broadcast time on state-run television and radio, consultation in the setting of election dates, and giving input in setting electoral rules and regulations. Other political parties that wish to contest local, state or national elections are required to be registered by the Election Commission of India. Registered Parties are upgraded as recognised National Party or State Party by the ECI if they meet the relevant criteria after a Lok Sabha or State legislative assembly election. The Recognised Party status is reviewed periodically by the ECI.
Before the amendment in 2016 (came into force with effect from 1 January 2014), if a political party failed to fulfill the criteria in the subsequent Lok Sabha or state legislative assembly election, they lost their status as a recognised Party. In 2016, the ECI announced that such a review would take place after two consecutive elections instead of every election. Therefore, a political party shall retain the recognised Party status even if they do not meet the criteria in the next election. However, if they fail to meet the criteria in the subsequent election following the next election, they would lose their status.
As per latest publication dated 23 September 2021 from Election Commission of India, the total number of parties registered was 2858, with 8 national parties, 54 state parties and 2796 unrecognised parties.[1] All registered parties contesting elections need to choose a symbol from a list of available symbols offered by the EC. All 28 states of the country along with the union territories of Jammu and Kashmir, National Capital Territory of Delhi and Puducherry have elected governments unless President's rule is imposed under certain condition.
National parties
A registered party is recognised as a national party only if it fulfils any one of the three conditions listed below:[2]
- The party win 2% of seats in the Lok Sabha from at least three different states.
- At a general election to Lok Sabha or Legislative Assembly, the party polls 6% of votes in any four or more states and in addition it wins four Lok Sabha seats.
- The party gets recognition as a state party in four states.
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Parties with national party status pending
In December 2022, after Gujarat Legislative election, Aam Aadmi Party has fulfilled the criteria for being the 9th national party of India. It is in the middle of the process of getting the official recognition as the National Party by Election commission of India.[3][4]
| Party | Flag | Election symbol |
Political position |
Ideology | Founded | Leader(s) | States/union territories governed | Seats | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lok Sabha | Rajya Sabha | State Assemblies |
State Councils | |||||||||
| style="background-color: Template:Party color" | | Aam Aadmi Party |
File:Aam Aadmi Party logo (English).svg | Centre | Populism Secularism Nationalism Socialism |
Template:Start date and years ago | Arvind Kejriwal | Template:Composition bar | Template:Composition bar | Template:Composition bar | Template:Composition bar | Template:Composition bar | |
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State parties
A registered party is recognised as a state party only if it fulfils any one of the five conditions listed below:[2]
- A party should secure at least 6% of valid votes polled in an election to the state legislative assembly and win at least 2 seats in that state assembly.
- A party should secure at least 6% of valid votes polled in an election to Lok Sabha and win at least 1 seat in Lok Sabha.
- A party should win at least 3% of the total number of seats or a minimum of three seats in the Legislative Assembly, which ever is higher.
- A party should win at least one seat in the Lok Sabha for every 25 seats or any fraction thereof allotted to that State.
- Under the liberalised criteria, one more clause that it will be eligible for recognition as state party if it secures 8% or more of the total valid votes polled in the state.
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Unrecognised parties
See also
Notes
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 List of Political Parties & Symbol MAIN Notification. Election Commission of India(23 September 2021).
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 The Election Symbols (Reservation and Allotment) Order, 1968. Election Commission of India. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
- ↑ AAP becomes India's 9th 'national party'. www.telegraphindia.com. Retrieved 2023-02-22.
- ↑ After Gujarat results, AAP set for upgrade: What it takes to become a 'national party' in India. The Indian Express(2022-12-08). Retrieved 2023-02-22.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Lok Sabha Elections 2014: Know your party symbols!(10 April 2014).
- ↑ Price, P. (1996). Revolution and Rank in Tamil Nationalism. The Journal of Asian Studies, 55(2), 359-383. Template:Doi
- ↑ Pamela Price (1999) Relating to leadership in the Tamil nationalist movement: C.N. Annadurai in person‐centred propaganda, South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies, 22:2, 149-174, Template:Doi
- ↑ Though BJP and AIMIM are ideologically apart they share a few similarities.
- ↑ Will fight back to save India's composite culture, Constitution: Asaduddin Owaisi(26 May 2019).
- ↑ Minority Upliftment.
- ↑ AIMIM eyes minorities and Dalits in Malda.
- ↑ AIMIM want to confront Hindu nationalism with Indian Constitution: Owaisi. Business Standard India(8 February 2021).
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 M. Karunanidhi: From health care to community living, his schemes were aimed at social equality. The Hindu(8 August 2018). Retrieved 10 August 2019.
- Social Equality was Karunanidhi's Focus During Five Terms as Tamil Nadu CM. News18(11 March 2019). Retrieved 10 August 2019.
- ↑ Communism in India: Events, Processes and Ideologies{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}. Oxford University Press(2014). ISBN 978-0-19-997489-4
- ↑ Indian citizenship act against humanity: Manoj Bhattacharya. prothomalo.com.
- ↑ Tumultuous transition(27 May 2017).
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 Encyclopedia Britannica.
- ↑ Patronage and autonomy in India's deepening democracy. Cambridge University Press({Template:Date).
- ↑ Party constitution. All India Forward Bloc. Retrieved 22 April 2017.
- ↑ Centrist polity of TRS.
- ↑ Regionalism and sub-regionalism, Hyderabad, K. VENKATESHWARLU in. Frontline(23 April 2004). Retrieved 14 September 2020.
- ↑ One year of Telangana a mixed bag for KCR. The Tribune. Retrieved 20 July 2018.
- ↑ 23.0 23.1 Template:Cite encyclopedia
- ↑ Lok Sabha Elections 2014: Know your party symbols!(10 April 2014).
- ↑ Fighting economic nationalism in deals. Financial Times(12 October 2006). Retrieved 22 May 2018.
- ↑ IDEOLOGY & FLAG. Election Commission of India. Retrieved 9 May 2013.
- ↑ 27.0 27.1 General Programme of CPI(ML). Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) website(6 April 2013). Retrieved 23 March 2020.
- ↑ 28.0 28.1 History. JK Panthers Party. Retrieved 26 September 2015.
- ↑ 29.0 29.1 SC upholds freeze on delimitation in J&K till 2026. The Hindu(9 November 2010).
- ↑ Headlines Today. Panther party MLAs disrupt house in Jammu and Kashmir assembly(28 August 2014). Retrieved 26 September 2015.
- ↑ Self Rule. Retrieved 16 October 2020.
- ↑ KM Mani: The man behind the 'Theory of the Toiling Class'. The New Indian Express(10 April 2019). Retrieved 20 March 2021.
- ↑ K M Mani honoured at British Parliament Hall. The New Indian Express(7 September 2012). Retrieved 20 March 2021.
- ↑ Raj Thackeray goes right ahead with 'Hindutva'and development agenda for MNS. CanIndia(23 January 2020).
- ↑ The Dashing Ladies of Shiv Sena{{#if:Bedi|, Bedi}. SUNY Press(2016)
- ↑ Munde still keen on alliance with MNS. Hindustan Times(2 March 2011).
- ↑ 37.0 37.1 37.2 Maharashtra Navnirman Sena(29 March 2019).
- ↑ How Pakistan Fell in Love With Bollywood. Foreign Policy(15 March 2010).
- ↑ Conservative in Practice: The Transformation of the Samajwadi Party in Uttar Pradesh. Studies in Indian Politics({Template:Year).
- ↑ Left wing triumphs in Uttar Pradesh election. Financial Times(6 March 2012).
- ↑ Indian MPs held hostage in caste struggle. The Independent(21 June 1995).
- ↑ India at the Polls: Parliamentary Elections in the Federal Phase{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}. Orient Blackswan(2003). ISBN 978-8-125-02328-9
- ↑ Mulayam's son Prateek Yadav attracts eye balls during ride in Rs 5 crore Lamborghini. Zee News(14 January 2017).
- ↑ SAD aims to widen reach, to contest UP poll. The Tribune(8 October 2015). Retrieved 8 October 2015.
- ↑ In post-Independence India, the SAD launched the Punjabi Suba morcha in the 1960s, seeking the re-organisation of Punjab on linguistic basis.. The Hindu(3 September 2013). Retrieved 15 September 2015.
- ↑ Encyclopaedia of India and Her States: Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir and Punjab, Volume 4{{#if:Grover|, Grover}. Deep & Deep(1996)
- ↑ Parkash Singh Badal calls for 'genuinely federal structure' for country. The Economic Times(7 December 2014). Retrieved 10 October 2019.
- ↑ Article 370: SAD 'dumps' its core ideology of federalism, Bharti, Vishav. The Tribune(6 August 2019). Retrieved 10 October 2019.
- ↑ This is how Jagan Reddy has turned into a political juggernaut in Andhra(25 September 2021).
- ↑ महंगाई व बेरोजगारी के खिलाफ किया प्रदर्शन. www.livehindustan.com. Retrieved 7 May 2021.
- ↑ SAMATA PARTY – Official Website. Retrieved 8 February 2022.
- ↑ Allotment of Common Symbol -10B letter dt 15.9.15. Election Commission of India(15 September 2015). Retrieved 25 November 2016.
- ↑ June 2015 Notification. Election Commission of India. Retrieved 17 September 2016.
- ↑ Manjhi's HAM recognised by poll panel(19 July 2015). Retrieved 25 November 2016.
Praty State and State Presidents List
Further reading
- Subrata K. Mitra and V. B. Singh. 1999. Democracy and Social Change in India: but parties have to be 70per of decision A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the National Electorate. New Delhi: Sage Publications. Template:ISBN (India HB) Template:ISBN (U.S. HB).
- Subrata K. Mitra, Mike Enskat, Clemens Spiess (eds.). 2004. Political Parties in South Asia. Greenwood: Praeger.
- Political Parties, Democratic Politics II, Textbook in Political Science for Class X, NCERT