Template:Infobox political post
The chief minister of Kerala is the chief executive of the Indian state of Kerala. De facto executive authority rests with the chief minister. Following elections to the Kerala Legislative Assembly, the state's governor usually invites the party (or coalition) with a majority of seats to form the chief minister, whose council of ministers are collectively responsible to the assembly. Given that he has the confidence of the assembly, the chief minister's term is for five years and is subject to no term limits.[1]
Following India's independence from the British Raj in 1947, the states' monarchs of Travancore and Cochin instituted a measure of representative government, headed by a prime minister and his council of ministers. On 1 July 1949 Travancore and Cochin were merged to form Travancore-Cochin state. The Malabar District and Kasaragod region of South Canara, which together constitute more than half of present state of Kerala, had their representatives in the Madras Legislative Assembly.
On 1 November 1956, the States Reorganisation Act redrew India's map along linguistic lines, and the present-day state of Kerala was born, consisting solely of Malayalam-speaking regions, by merging Cochin, Malabar, and Travancore regions, and the Kasaragod region of South Canara.[2] The first assembly election in Kerala state was held in February–March 1957.[2] The first Kerala Legislative Assembly was formed on 5 April 1957. The Assembly had 127 members including a nominated member.[2] Since then, 12 people have served as the chief minister of Kerala. The first was E. M. S. Namboodiripad of the Communist Party of India, whose tenure was cut short by the imposition of President's rule. Kerala has come under President's rule for four years over seven terms, the last of them in 1982. Since then the office has alternated between leaders of the Indian National Congress and of the Communist Party of India (Marxist). E. K. Nayanar is the longest serving holder of the office for a total of 10 years, 353 days. Pinarayi Vijayan is the incumbent chief minister; his Left Democratic Front government has been in office since 25 May 2016.
Key
| Template:Colbegin
Template:Legend Template:Legend Template:Legend Template:Legend Template:Legend Template:Legend Template:Colend |
Template:Col-begin Template:Col-2
- No.: Incumbent number
- Template:Note label Assassinated or died in office
- Template:Note label Returned to office after a previous non-consecutive term
- Template:Note label Resigned
- Template:Note label Resigned following a no-confidence motion
Precursors
Prime ministers of Travancore (1948–49)
| NoTemplate:Efn | Portrait | Name | Term of Office | Assembly | Appointed by (Monarch) | Party | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | File:Pattom A. Thanu Pillai.jpg | Pattom Thanu Pillai | 24 March 1948 | 17 October 1948 | Template:Age in years and days | Representative
Body (1948–49) |
Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma | Indian National Congress | rowspan="2" style="background-color: Template:Party color" | |
| 2 | Paravoor T. K. Narayana Pillai | 22 October 1948 | 1 July 1949 | Template:Age in years and days | |||||
Prime ministers of Cochin (1947–1949)
| NoTemplate:Efn | Portrait | Name | Term of Office | Assembly | Appointed
by (Monarch) |
Party | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | File:Panampilly statue.jpg | Panampilly Govinda Menon | 14 August 1947 | 22 October 1947 | Template:Age in years and days | 6th Council (1945–48) |
Aikya Keralam Thampuran | Independent | rowspan="3" style="background-color: Template:Party color" | |
| 2 | T. K. Nair | 27 October 1947 | 20 September 1948 | Template:Age in years and days | |||||
| 3 | File:Ikkanda variar.jpg | E. Ikkanda Warrier | 20 September 1948 | 30 June 1949 | Template:Age in years and days | Legislative
Assembly (1948–49) | |||
Chief ministers of Travancore-Cochin (1949–1956)
After India's independence in 1947, Travancore and Cochin were merged to form Travancore-Cochin on 1 July 1949. On 1 January 1950, Travancore-Cochin was recognised as a state.
List of chief ministers of Kerala
The Government of India's 1 November 1956 States Reorganisation Act inaugurated the new Kerala state, incorporating Malabar District, Travancore-Cochin (excluding four southern taluks and Sengottai Taluk which were merged with Tamil Nadu), and the Kasaragod taluk of South Kanara district. A new Legislative Assembly was also created, for which elections were held in 1957.
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Statistics
- List of chief ministers by length of term
| Template:Tooltip | Name | Party | Length of term | No: of terms | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Longest continuous term | Total years of premiership | |||||
| 1 | Template:Sortname | CPI(M) | style="background-color: Template:Party color" | | 4 years, 361 days | 10 years, 353 days | 3 |
| 2 | Template:Sortname | INC | style="background-color: Template:Party color" | | 4 years, 305 days | 8 years, 315 days | 4 |
| 3 | Template:Sortname | CPI | style="background-color: Template:Party color" | | 6 years, 172 days | 7 years, 80 days | 2 |
| 4 | Template:Sortname | CPI(M) | style="background-color: Template:Party color" | | Template:Age in years and days | Template:Age in years and days | 2 |
| 5 | Template:Sortname | INC | style="background-color: Template:Party color" | | 5 years, 6 days | 6 years, 256 days | 2 |
| 6 | Template:Sortname | INC | style="background-color: Template:Party color" | | 3 years, 105 days | 5 years, 347 days | 3 |
| 7 | Template:Sortname | CPI(M) | style="background-color: Template:Party color" | | 4 years, 364 days | 4 years, 364 days | 1 |
| 8 | Template:Sortname | CPI(M)/CPI | style="background-color: Template:Party color" | | 2 years 240 days | 4 years 357 days | 2 |
| 9 | Template:Sortname | PSP | style="background-color: Template:Party color" | | 2 years 216 days | 2 years 216 days | 1 |
| 10 | Template:Sortname | INC | style="background-color: Template:Party color" | | 1 year 350 days | 1 year 350 days | 1 |
| 11 | Template:Sortname | CPI | style="background-color: Template:Party color" | | 347 days | 347 days | 1 |
| 12 | Template:Sortname | IUML | style="background-color: Template:Party color" | | 53 days | 53 days | 1 |
Timeline
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Colors =
id:cpi value:rgb(1,0,0) legend: CPI id:psp value:rgb(0.945,0.322,0.439) legend: PSP id:inc value:rgb(0,0.748,1) legend: INC id:cpm value:rgb(1,0.114,0.082) legend: CPI(M) id:ium value:rgb(0.133,0.545,0.133) legend: IUML id:gray1 value:gray(0.8) id:gray2 value:gray(0.9)
Define $today = 29/07/2026
DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:01/01/1956 till:$today TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMinor = gridcolor:gray2 unit:year increment:1 start:1956 ScaleMajor = gridcolor:gray1 unit:year increment:5 start:1956
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pos:(20,27) textcolor:black fontsize:M text: Political Party
BarData =
bar:Namboodiripad(1) bar:Pillai bar:Sankar bar:Namboodiripad(2) bar:Menon bar:Karunakaran(1) bar:Antony(1) bar:Nair bar:Koya bar:Nayanar(1) bar:Karunakaran(2) bar:Nayanar(2) bar:Karunakaran(3) bar:Antony(2) bar:Nayanar(3) bar:Antony(3) bar:Chandy(1) bar:Achuthanandan bar:Chandy(2) bar:Vijayan
PlotData =
width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till
bar:Namboodiripad(1) from: 05/04/1957 till: 31/07/1959 color:cpi text:"E. M. S. Namboodiripad" fontsize:10 bar:Pillai from: 22/02/1960 till: 26/09/1962 color:psp text:"Pattom Thanu Pillai" fontsize:10 bar:Sankar from: 26/09/1962 till: 10/09/1964 color:inc text:"Raman Sankar" fontsize:10 bar:Namboodiripad(2) from: 06/03/1967 till: 01/11/1969 color:cpm text:"E. M. S. Namboodiripad" fontsize:10 bar:Menon from: 01/11/1969 till: 03/08/1970 color:cpi from: 04/10/1970 till: 25/03/1977 color:cpi text:"C. Achutha Menon" fontsize:10 bar:Karunakaran(1) from: 25/03/1977 till: 26/04/1977 color:inc text:"K. Karunakaran" fontsize:10 bar:Karunakaran(2) from: 28/12/1981 till: 07/03/1982 color:inc from: 24/05/1982 till: 25/03/1987 color:inc text:"K. Karunakaran" fontsize:10 bar:Karunakaran(3) from: 24/06/1991 till: 21/03/1995 color:inc text:"K. Karunakaran" fontsize:10 bar:Antony(1) from: 27/04/1977 till: 28/10/1978 color:inc text:"A. K. Antony" fontsize:10 bar:Antony(2) from: 22/03/1995 till: 19/05/1996 color:inc text:"A. K. Antony" fontsize:10 bar:Antony(3) from: 17/05/2001 till: 30/08/2004 color:inc text:"A. K. Antony" fontsize:10 bar:Nair from: 29/10/1978 till: 11/10/1979 color:cpi text:"P. K. Vasudevan Nair" fontsize:10 bar:Koya from: 12/10/1979 till: 04/12/1979 color:ium text:"C. K. Mohammed Koya" fontsize:10 bar:Nayanar(1) from: 25/01/1980 till: 20/10/1981 color:cpm text:"E. K. Nayanar" fontsize:10 bar:Nayanar(2) from: 26/03/1987 till: 23/06/1991 color:cpm text:"E. K. Nayanar" fontsize:10 bar:Nayanar(3) from: 20/05/1996 till: 16/05/2001 color:cpm text:"E. K. Nayanar" fontsize:10 bar:Chandy(1) from: 31/08/2004 till: 17/05/2006 color:inc text:"Oommen Chandy" fontsize:10 bar:Chandy(2) from: 18/05/2011 till: 24/05/2016 color:inc text:"Oommen Chandy" fontsize:10 bar:Achuthanandan from: 18/05/2006 till: 17/05/2011 color:cpm text:"V. S. Achuthanandan" fontsize:10 bar:Vijayan from: 25/05/2016 till: $today color:cpm text:"Pinarayi Vijayan" fontsize:10
</timeline>
See also
Notes
Footnotes
References
- ↑ Durga Das Basu. Introduction to the Constitution of India. 1960. 20th Edition, 2011 Reprint. pp. 241, 245. LexisNexis Butterworths Wadhwa Nagpur. Template:ISBN. Note: although the text talks about Indian state governments in general, it applies for the specific case of Kerala as well.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 'Kerala Charitram'{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}. DC Books(January 2007). ISBN 978-81-264-1588-5
Further reading
- Chief Ministers, Ministers, and Leaders of Opposition of Kerala. Secratriat of Kerala Legislature.
- Mathrubhumi Yearbook Plus – 2019{{#if:Chandran|, Chandran}. P. V. Chandran, Managing Editor, Mathrubhumi Printing & Publishing Company Limited, Kozhikode(2018)
- A Survey of Kerala History{{#if:|, {{{last}}}}. DC Books(2007). ISBN 9788126415786
External links
Template:Current Indian chief ministers Template:Keralite ministries Template:United Democratic Front (Kerala) Template:Left Democratic Front (Kerala) Template:Kerala topics Template:Kerala