Template:For Template:Distinguish Template:Upscaled images Template:Infobox political post
The chief minister of Punjab is the head of the government of Punjab. As per the Constitution of India, the Governor of Punjab is the state's head, but de facto executive authority rests with the chief minister. Following elections to the Punjab Legislative Assembly, the governor usually invites the party (or coalition) with a majority of seats to form the government. The governor appoints the chief minister, whose council of ministers are collectively responsible to the assembly. Given that he has the confidence of the assembly, the chief minister's term is for five years and is subject to no term limits.[1]
History
Punjab Province (1937-1947)
The province of Punjab was then headquartered in Lahore.Under the Government of India Act 1935, a bicameral legislature was set up with a legislative assembly and a legislative council with a government headed by the Prime Minister. The Unionist Party won the Punjab Provincial Assembly elections, 1937 and Sir Sikandar Hayat Khan became the Premier of Punjab and hold the position up to his death in 1942. Khan was succeeded by Sir Khizar Tiwana. In 1946 elections were held the Unionist Party stood fourth place but with the support of Indian National Congress and Shiromani Akali Dal formed the government under Sir Khizar Tiwana. Tiwana later resigned on 2 March 1947 against the decision of Partition of India.
Patiala and East Punjab States Union (1948-1956)
Patiala and East Punjab States Union or PEPSU was an Indian state formed by the union of the post-partition province of Punjab on the Indian side of the border with eight princely states, which were allowed to maintain their native monarchs. The state was inaugurated on 15 July 1948 and formally became a state in 1950. Among these princely states, six were salute states:- Patiala, Jind, Kapurthala, Nabha, Faridkot and Malerkotla. The other two states were Nalagarh and Kalsia. PEPSU was earlier headed by the Premier, from 1952 the chief minister become the head of the government. On 1 November 1956, PEPSU was merged mostly into East Punjab (Punjab from 1950) following the States Reorganisation Act, 1956.
East Punjab (1947-1966)
The state of East Punjab was formed in 1947 later it was renamed Punjab in 1950. It consisted of the parts of the Punjab Province of British India that went to India following the partition of India. Since 1947, Punjab has had fifteen chief ministers. The first was Gopi Chand Bhargava of the Indian National Congress party, who was sworn in on 15 August 1947, when India gained independence from the British. He was succeeded by fellow Congressman Bhim Sen Sachar, who was then subsequently replaced after 188 days by former Chief Minister Gopi Chand Bhargava. After a brief term, President Rajendra Prasad placed the Punjab Legislative Assembly under suspension for nine months to help the state government gets its act together. In 1952, the first state elections took place for the Legislative Assembly. The results of the election saw the return of the Congress government with former Chief Minister Bhim Sen Sachar as its leader. After he resigned in 1956, Partap Singh Kairon became chief minister. Serving until 1964, Kairon remains one of Punjab's longest-serving chief ministers. He was followed by the returning Chief Minister Gopi Chand Bhargava, who briefly held office as acting chief minister for only 15 days. In July 1964, Ram Kishan assumed the office and served for two years. His tenure was followed by the President's rule which lasted for 119 days. On 1 November 1966, the state of Haryana was partitioned from Punjab and some other districts were given to the state of Himachal Pradesh.
Punjab (Since 1966)
The first chief minister of the newly re-configured state was Gurmukh Singh Musafir who led a Congress government from the Vidhan Parishad, one of only two to have done so. In the 1967 elections, he was voted out of power in favour of the Akali Das Sant Fateh Singh Group whose leader Gurnam Singh became the first non-Congress chief minister. Gurnam Singh's government was succeeded by three short-lived Akali Dal governments—Lachhman Singh Gill's government for less than a year and a little more than a year under the returning Gurnam Singh and Parkash Singh Badal. After 272 days under President's rule, the Congress party returned to power under the future President Zail Singh. In 1977, Parkash Singh Badal became the chief minister for the second time. Darbara Singh became chief minister in 1980 and remained in office for three years before a long period under President's rule. A brief interlude under Surjit Singh Barnala followed, after which three Congress-led governments took office—led by Beant Singh from 1992 to 1995, Harcharan Singh Brar from 1995 to 1996 and Rajinder Kaur Bhattal from 1996 to 1997. Upon taking office, Rajinder Kaur Bhattal became the first female chief minister of Punjab and overall the 8th female chief minister in India.
Parkash Singh Badal assumed office for the third time in 1997 and became the first chief minister, since Kairon's resignation in 1964, to serve a full term. Badal was succeeded by Congressman Amarinder Singh, who also successfully served a full term. In 2017 he became CM for the second time but failed to complete his tenure due to internal political factionalism and Charanjit Singh Channi became the first Dalit chief minister of Punjab just 6 months before the expiry of the 15th assembly.
Since 1947, only 4 chief ministers had completed their five years term. Partap Singh Kairon, Zail Singh, Parkash Singh Badal and Amarinder Singh. No other chief minister had completed their single full term.
Office
The office of the chief minister of Punjab is located at Punjab Civil Secretariat, Sector – 1, Chandigarh.[2]
Oath
The chief minister is required to make and subscribe in the presence of the governor of Punjab before entering office, the oath of office and secrecy, as per the Third Schedule of the Constitution of India.
Oath of office:
Oath of secrecy: Template:Blockquote
Mostly the chief minister of Punjab takes oath in Punjabi language, which is also mentioned in the Punjabi version of Indian Constitution.
Leader of the House
Template:Main A Minister designated by the Government to supervise the management of government business in the Legislative Assembly is known as the Leader of the House. The Rules of Procedure of the Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha define "Leader of the House". In both Houses, the leader of the house is a crucial official who directly affects how business is done. A House deputy leader may also be appointed by him. Government meeting scheduling and House business are under the purview of the Leader of the House. In addition, the Leader of the House serves as the legislative chair of the majority party. Rather than the Constitution, the Rules of the House specify the duties of the head of the house.
Role and Function
One important parliamentary official who has direct authority over the way the Legislative assembly operates is the Leader of the House. All of the government's policies are centered around him, particularly as they relate to the House's internal operations and measures pertaining to the conduct of its business. The Chief Whip resolves the specifics with the Leader of the House's agreement, although the Leader of the House is ultimately in charge of how government activity is organized. The Leader of the House suggests dates for the House's summons and prorogation with the Chair's approval. He is in charge of organizing the formal proceedings of the Parliamentary Session, including the introduction of legislation and motions.
Leader of House of Punjab Assembly
Since the formation of the Punjab Legislative assembly, the leader of the house of assembly is served by the Chief minister of Punjab. However there were two certain occasions when the Chief minister was the not the member of the house of legislative assembly and thus during that period of time, the role of the leader of house is served by person other than the chief minister. When Gopi Chand Bhargava became the acting chief minister of the Punjab in the year of 1964 after the resignation of the then chief minister Partap Singh Kairon, the role of the leader of the house was fulfilled by the Kairon even after his resignation. Second time, when Gurmukh Singh Musafir become the chief minister after the reorganization of Punjab in 1966, the predecessor chief minister Ram Kishan served as the leader of the house during the chief minister-ship of the Musaffir. In all other cases, the chief minister of Punjab also serves as the Leader of the House.
Key
- No.: Incumbent number
- Template:Note label Assassinated
- Template:Note label Died in Office
- Template:Note label Position Dissolved
- Template:Note label Resigned
Predecessors
Punjab Province (1937-1947)
Color key
| No | Portrait | Name | Term of office[3] | Time in office | Party Template:Small |
Assembly (Election) |
Appointed by Template:Small | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | ||||||||
| 1 | 
|
Sikandar Hayat Khan Template:Small Template:Small |
5 April 1937 | 26 December 1942Template:Ref label | Template:Ayd | Unionist Party Template:Small |
1st (1937) |
Herbert William Emerson | |
| Vacant (26 - 30 December 1940) (Template:Age in years and days) | |||||||||
| 2 | 
|
Malik Khizar Hayat Tiwana Template:Small Template:Small |
30 December 1942 | 19 March 1945 | Template:Ayd | Unionist Party Template:Small |
1st (1937) |
Bertrand Glancy | |
| (i) | Governor Rule |
19 March 1945 | 21 March 1946 | Template:Ayd | - | Viscount Wavell | |||
| (2) |
|
Malik Khizar Hayat Tiwana Template:Small Template:Small |
21 March 1946 | 2 March 1947 | Template:Ayd | Unionist Party Template:Small |
2nd (1946) |
Bertrand Glancy | |
| (ii) | Governor Rule |
2 March 1947 | 15 August 1947Template:Ref label | Template:Ayd | - | Earl Mountbatten | |||
Patiala and East Punjab States Union (1948-1956)
Color key
Chief ministers of Punjab (1947-present)
Color keys for the party of the chief minister
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_(Surjit_Singh_Barnala).png){kind=link}
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Statistics
List of chief minister by their tenure
| Rank | Chief Minister | Party | Start | End | Tenure length (term) |
Tenure length (total) |
Reason for exit | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Prakash Singh Badal | Template:Full party name with color | 27 March 1970 | 14 June 1971 | 1 year, 79 days | 18 years, 350 days | Loss of majority | |
| 20 June 1977 | 17 February 1980 | 2 years, 242 days | Government dismissed | |||||
| 12 February 1997 | 26 February 2002 | 5 years, 14 days | Loss of election | |||||
| 1 March 2007 | 16 March 2017 | 10 years, 15 days | Loss of election | |||||
| 2 | Amarinder Singh | Template:Full party name with color | 26 February 2002 | 1 March 2007 | 5 years, 3 days | 9 years, 191 days | Loss of election | |
| 16 March 2017 | 20 September 2021 | 4 years, 188 days | Resigned | |||||
| 3 | Partap Singh Kairon | Template:Full party name with color | 23 January 1956 | 21 June 1964 | 8 years, 150 days | Resigned | ||
| 4 | Zail Singh | Template:Full party name with color | 17 March 1972 | 30 April 1977 | 5 years, 44 days | Government dismissed | ||
| 5 | Bhim Sen Sachar | Template:Full party name with color | 13 April 1949 | 18 October 1949 | 188 days | 4 years, 104 days | Resigned | |
| 17 April 1952 | 23 January 1956 | 3 years, 281 days | Resigned | |||||
| 6 | Bhagwant Mann | Template:Full party name with color | 16 March 2022 | Incumbent | Template:Age in years and days | Incumbent | ||
| 7 | Beant Singh | Template:Full party name with color | 25 February 1992 | 31 August 1995 | 3 years, 187 days | Assassinated | ||
| 8 | Gopi Chand Bhargava | Template:Full party name with color | 15 August 1947 | 13 April 1949 | 1 Year, 241 days | 3 years. 136 days | Resigned | |
| 18 October 1949 | 20 June 1951 | 1 year, 245 days | Government dismissed | |||||
| 21 June 1964 | 6 July 1964 | 15 days | Resigned | |||||
| 9 | Darbara Singh | Template:Full party name with color | 6 June 1980 | 6 October 1983 | 3 years, 122 days | Government dismissed | ||
| 10 | Ram Kishan | Template:Full party name with color | 7 July 1964 | 5 July 1966 | 1 year, 262 days | Government dismissed | ||
| 11 | Gurnam Singh | Akali Dal Sant Fateh Singh Group | 8 March 1967 | 25 November 1967 | 262 days | 1 year, 300 days | Loss of majority | |
| Template:Full party name with color | 17 February 1969 | 27 March 1970 | 1 year, 38 days | Resigned | ||||
| 12 | Surjit Singh Barnala | Template:Full party name with color | 29 September 1985 | 11 June 1987 | 1 year, 255 days | Government dismissed | ||
| 13 | Harcharan Singh Brar | Template:Full party name with color | 31 August 1995 | 21 November 1996 | 1 year, 82 days | Resigned | ||
| 14 | Lachhman Singh Gill | Punjab Janata Party | 25 November 1967 | 23 August 1968 | 272 days | Loss of majority | ||
| 15 | Charanjit Singh Channi | Template:Full party name with color | 20 September 2021 | 16 March 2022 | 177 days | Loss of election | ||
| 16 | Gurmukh Singh Musafir | Template:Full party name with color | 1 November 1866 | 8 March 1967 | 127 days | Loss of election | ||
| 17 | Rajinder Kaur Bhattal | Template:Full party name with color | 21 November 1996 | 11 February 1997 | 82 days | Loss of election | ||
| - | President rule | N/A | 20 June 1951 | 17 April 1952 | 302 days | 9 years, 223 days | N/A | |
| 5 July 1966 | 1 November 1966 | 199 days | ||||||
| 23 August 1968 | 17 February 1969 | 178 days | ||||||
| 14 June 1971 | 17 March 1972 | 277 days | ||||||
| 30 April 1977 | 20 June 1977 | 51 days | ||||||
| 17 February 1980 | 6 June 1980 | 110 days | ||||||
| 6 October 1983 | 29 September 1985 | 1 year, 358 days | ||||||
| 11 June 1987 | 25 February 1992 | 4 years, 259 days | ||||||
Timeline
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id:inc value:rgb(0,0.748,1) legend: INC id:sad value:rgb(1,0.6,0.2) legend: SAD id:adsfs value:rgb(0.925,0.117,0.148) legend: ADSFS id:pjp value:rgb(0,0.496,1) legend: PJP id:prule value:rgb(0.757,0.443,0.631) legend: PresidentRule id:aap value:rgb(0.121,0.457,0.996) legend: AAP id:gray1 value:gray(0.8) id:gray2 value:gray(0.9)
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pos:(20,27) textcolor:black fontsize:M text: Political Party
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bar:GCBhargava bar:BSSachar bar:Prule bar:PSKairon bar:RKishan bar:GGSMusafir bar:GSingh bar:LSGill bar:PSBadal bar:ZSingh bar:DSingh bar:SSBarnala bar:BSingh bar:HSBrar bar:RKBhattal bar:ASingh bar:CSChanni bar:BMann
PlotData =
width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till
bar:GCBhargava from: 15/08/1947 till: 13/04/1949 color:inc from: 18/10/1949 till: 20/06/1951 color:inc from: 21/06/1964 till: 06/07/1964 color:inc text:"Gopi Chand Bhargava" fontsize:10
bar:BSSachar from: 13/04/1949 till: 18/10/1949 color:inc from: 17/04/1952 till: 23/01/1956 color:inc text:"Bhim Sen Sachar" fontsize:10
bar:Prule from: 20/06/1951 till: 17/04/1952 color:prule from: 05/07/1966 till: 01/11/1966 color:prule from: 23/08/1968 till: 17/02/1969 color:prule from: 14/06/1971 till: 17/03/1972 color:prule from: 30/04/1977 till: 20/06/1977 color:prule from: 17/02/1980 till: 06/06/1980 color:prule from: 06/10/1983 till: 29/09/1985 color:prule from: 11/06/1987 till: 25/02/1992 color:prule text:"President's rule" fontsize:10
bar:PSKairon from: 23/01/1956 till: 21/06/1964 color:inc text:"Pratap Singh Kairon" fontsize:10
bar:RKishan from: 07/07/1964 till: 05/07/1966 color:inc text:"Ram Kishan" fontsize:10
bar:GGSMusafir from: 01/11/1966 till: 08/03/1967 color:inc text:"Gurmukh Singh Musafir" fontsize:10
bar:GSingh from: 08/03/1967 till: 25/11/1967 color:adsfs from: 17/02/1969 till: 27/03/1970 color:sad text:"Gurnam Singh" fontsize:10 bar:LSGill from: 25/11/1967 till: 23/08/1968 color:pjp text:"Lachhman Singh Gill" fontsize:10
bar:PSBadal from: 27/03/1970 till: 14/06/1971 color:sad from: 20/06/1977 till: 17/02/1980 color:sad from: 12/02/1997 till: 26/02/2002 color:sad from: 01/03/2007 till: 14/03/2012 color:sad from: 14/03/2012 till: 16/03/2017 color:sad text:"Parkash Singh Badal" fontsize:10
bar:ZSingh from: 17/03/1972 till: 30/04/1977 color:inc text:"Zail Singh" fontsize:10 bar:DSingh from: 06/06/1980 till: 06/10/1983 color:inc text:"Darbara Singh" fontsize:10 bar:SSBarnala from: 29/09/1985 till: 11/06/1987 color:sad text:"Surjit Singh Barnala" fontsize:10 bar:BSingh from: 25/02/1992 till: 31/08/1995 color:inc text:"Beant Singh" fontsize:10 bar:HSBrar from: 31/08/1995 till: 21/11/1996 color:inc text:"Harcharan Singh Brar" fontsize:10 bar:RKBhattal from: 21/11/1996 till: 11/02/1997 color:inc text:"Rajinder Kaur Bhattal" fontsize:10 bar:ASingh from: 26/02/2002 till: 01/03/2007 color:inc from: 16/03/2017 till: 20/09/2021 color:inc text:"Amarinder Singh" fontsize:10 bar:CSChanni from: 20/09/2021 till: 16/03/2022 color:inc text:"Charanjit Singh Channi" fontsize:10 bar: bmann from: 16/03/2022 till: $today color:aap text:"Bhagwant Mann" fontsize:10</timeline>
See also
- List of current Indian chief ministers
- List of governors of Punjab (India)
- List of deputy chief ministers of Punjab, India
Notes
References
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedterm1 - ↑ Chief Minister, Punjab Office. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
- ↑ World statesman - British India